HEAD AND SKULL

DIPLOE

Separated by a layer of spongy bone

LACRIMAL BONE

Smallest bone of the face - Resembles a fingernail in size and shape

VISCEROCRANIUM

facial bones is also called

HARD PALATE

form roof of the mouth formed by palatine process of maxilla & horizontal plate of palatine

SKULL

includes bone of the cranium, face & mandible

BASE OF THE SKULL

it is divided into three cranial fossa

BASE OF THE SKULL

lowest part of the cranium

CALVARIA

only cranial bones

ASTERION

point on the surface of the skull where the lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures meet.

DANGER AREA OF THE FACE

triangular area from the root of the nose up to the angle of the mouth

RAMI

two vertical processes that are connected to the body at the mandibular angle

VAULT

upper part of the cranium

FRONTAL, ETHMOID, SPHENOID

what are the 3 cranial bones of orbit

SUTURES, FONTANELS AND PARANASAL SINUSES

what are the 3 unique features of the skull

PALATINE, LACRIMAL, ZYGOMATIC, MAXILLA

what are the 4 facial bones of orbit

CORONAL, SAGITTAL, LAMBDOID, SQUAMOUS SUTURES

what are the 4 prominent sutures

TEMPORAL, ZYGOMATIC, BUCCAL, MANDIBULAR, CERVICAL

what are the 5 branches of facial nerve

PARIETAL AND TEMPORAL

what are the paired parts of cranium

PALATINE, INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE, NASAL, LACRIMAL, ZYGOMATIC, MAXILLAE

what are the paired parts of facial bone

ANTERIOR, MIDDLE, POSTERIOR

what are the three division of the base of the skull

BREGMA AND LAMBDA

what are the two parts of sagittal sutures

CONDYLAR PROCESS AND CORONOID PROCESS

what are the two process of rami

FRONTAL, OCCIPITAL, SPHENOID, ETHMOID

what are the unpaired parts of cranium

VOMER AND MANDIBLE

what are the unpaired parts of facial bone

NASION

what is the surface landmark that is called "root of the nose"

18-24 months

Anterior/frontal fontanel is closes by ____ months

3 months

Anterolateral/Sphenoid fontanel closes by ____ months

INION

"bum of knowledge"

VERTEX

"highest point of the skull"

PTERION

"weakest part of the skull"

PARANASAL SINUS

- Cavities in the cranial & facial bones near the nasal cavity - produces mucus - Serves as a resonating chamber for sound and voice for resonance

SUPERFICIAL FACIAL BONES

- For muscle attachment - Maxillae, Lacrimal, Nasal, Zygomatic, Mandible

CRANIAL BONES

- Forms the braincase or cranium that encloses the cranial cavity - Protects & stabilizes the position of brain, blood & lymphatic vessels, nerves through the membranes - Provides attachment of muscles that moves the head & facial expression

FRONTAL BONE

- Forms the forehead - Roof of the orbit - Most of the anterior cranial floor/fossa

FACIAL BONES

- Forms the framework of the face - Protect and support entrances to digestive and respiratory tracts

PARIETAL BONE

- Forms the side and roof of cranial cavity - Internal surface has many depressions and protrusions

PALATINE

- L - shape bone - Forms post portion of hard palate (horizontal plate)

NEONATAL SKULL

- Large cranium relative to the skull - Smooth, unilaminar being no diploe present - Mastoid process is absent

AUDITORY OSSICLES

- Located inside the middle ear at the petrous portion of temporal bone - serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea)

ETHMOID

- Major supporting structure of nasal cavity - Sponge-like in appearance

HYOID

- Only bone that does not articulate with any other bone - Suspended from the styloid process of temporal bone by ligaments and muscles

SPHENOID

- Resembles a bat with outstretched wing - Located on Middle part of the base of skull - Keystone of cranial floor

DEEP FACIAL BONES

- Separate the oral and nasal cavities and also forms the nasal septum - Palatine, Inferior nasal conchae & vomer

FONTANELLE/FONTANEL

-It is also called "soft spots" - Area of unossified mesenchyme that filled spaces between cranial bones

VOMER, PERPENDICULAR PLATE OF ETHMOID, SEPTAL CARTILAGE

3 components of nasal septum

SCALP

A continuation of the skin of forehead covering the skull

ZYGOMATIC BONE

Aka "Cheek bone" - Forms lateral wall & floor of the orbit - Articulates with frontal, maxillae, sphenoid & temporal bone

MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA

Consists of small median part & expanded lateral part

ORBIT (EYE SOCKET)

Contains 7 bones of the skull containing the eyeball & other associated structures

CRANIAL CAVITY

Contains the brain & its surrounding meninges, portions of cranial nerves, arteries, veins & venous sinus

NASAL SEPTUM

Divides nasal cavity into right & left partition

MAXILLAE

Forms floor of orbit, lateral wall & floor of nasal cavity & most of the hard palate

NASAL BONE

Forms part of the bridge of the nose

TEMPORAL BONE

Forms the inferior lateral aspect of cranium & cranial fossa

OCCIPITAL BONE

Forms the posterior & most of the base of the skull

90%

In cranial bones what percent expected to reach at the age of 5

60%

In facial bones what percent expected to reach of ultimate size at age 6

SUTURES

It is the mmovable joint of the skull

ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA

Lodges the FRONTAL LOBE

MANDIBLE

Lower jaw , largest, strongest facial bones and only movable bone in the skull

SYMPHYSIS MENTI

Mandible is divided into right & left halves - united by fibrous tissue that fuses at the end of 1st year in the ____

2 months

Posterior/occipital fontanel closes by ____ months

1-2 months and fully complete by 12 months

Posterolateral fontanel - start to close by ____ months & fully complete by ____ months

PERICRANIUM AND ENDOCRANIUM

The skull is made up of external and internal tablet called

VOMER

Triangular bone on the nasal cavity

SENSORY INNERVATION

Trigeminal nerve except at a small area over the angle of the mandible & parotid gland

POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA

Very deep & lodges the hindbrain

GLABELLA

above nasion