computer programming history of computers

Jack S. Kilby

he joined Texas Instruments Inc., where he was responsible for integrated circuit development and applications. Within a year he had invented the monolithic integrated circuit. The importance of the invention went unnoticed until he invented the hand-held calculator to demonstrate the IC.

third generation u*

integrated circuits

Joseph Jacquard

invented an automatic loom using punched cards for the control of the patterns in the fabrics. (Invented a "programmable" loom using the punch card)

Ada Augusta

first computer programmer Had the Analytical Engine ever actually worked

THE ENIAC CONTAINED

ENIAC 17,000 vacuum tubes the ENIAC contained about 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, and 6,000 switches. It was 100 feet long, 10 feet high, and 3 deep. In operation it consumed 140 kilowatts of power."

John von Neuman

presented a paper outlining the stored-program concept. The concept inspired computer builders to internalize programming instead of hard wiring programs

Dr.John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

The ENIAC was the world's first operational, general purpose, electronic digital computer, developed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, by Dr. John W. Mauchly, a physicist, and J. Presper Eckert, Jr., an engineer. 1945

fourth generation u*

the microprocessor

William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories

they invent The transistor. . It would rid computers of vacuum tubes and radios. All three shared the 1956 Nobel Physics prize for the invention.

what is the punch card is using for? and used by..?

to store information, and used by calculators and computer inventors

second generation u *

transistors

first generation u*

vacuum tubes

1972: C

was developed by Dennis Ritchie while working at Bell Labs in New Jersey.

Dr. Ted Hoff

developed the famous Intel 4004 microprocessor (G) chip.

Seymour Cray

"The Father of the Supercomputer", along with George Amdahl, defined the supercomputer industry.

Alan Turing

"The Turing Machine" the concept of a universal computer that does more than one task. : Turing built the ACE, considered by some to be the first programmable digital computer.

1965: BASIC

(Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) programming language developed by Dr. Thomas Kurtz and Dr. John Kemeny.

1957: FORTRAN

(FORmula TRANslator) was designed by John Backus, an IBM engineer.

1968: PASCAL

, a structured programming language, was developed by Niklaus Wirth.

Charles Babbage

, he designed a machine, the difference engine which would be steam-powered, fully automatic and commanded by a fixed instruction program. In 1833, Babbage quit working on this machine to concentrate on the analytical engine. (The machine was intended to use loops of Jacquard's punched cards to control an automatic calculator, which could make decisions based on the results of previous computations. This machine was also intended to employ several features subsequently used in modern computers, including sequential control, branching, and looping, for this Babbage is often called the "Father of Computers.")

Stephen Wozniak and Steve Jobs

1977, built the first Apple II microcomputer.

third generation computers

Circuitry-Integrated Circuit Minicomputer accessible by multiple users from remote terminals

fourth generation computers

Circuitry-Microprocessor Chip

second generation Computers

Circuitry-Transistors Magnetic cores and magnetic disk Higher level languages

Howard Aiken

Howard Aiken in collaboration with engineers from IBM, constructed a large automatic digital sequence-controlled computer called the Harvard Mark I. This computer could handle all four arithmetic operations, and had special built-in programs for logarithms and trigonometric functions

Robert Noyce

In 1968, Co-founded Intel with Gordon Moore. PhD in Physics-MIT Cofounder of Fairchild Semiconductor where in 1959 he developed and patented a process for manufacturing the integrated circuit

Blaise Pascal

a philosopher and mathematician develops a mechanism he named the Pascaline to calculate with 8 figures and carrying of 10's , 100's, and 1000's. His father was a tax collector and he designed the calculator to assist him in his work. (invented the first digital calculator to help his father with his work collecting taxes.)

William H. Gates IIIand Paul Allen

approached MITS and promised to deliver a BASIC compiler. So they did and from the sale, Microsoft was born. 1980: IBM offers Bill Gates the opportunity to develop the operating system for its new IBM personal computer. Microsoft has achieved tremendous growth and success today due to the development of MS-DOS.

why wasn't mark I a computer?

because it could not make decisions

John Atanasoff and John Berry

build the first electronic digital computer. Their machine, the Atanasoff-Berry-Computer (ABC) provided the foundation for the advances in electronic digital computers.

Hopper

credited with applying the engineering term "bug" to computing when her team found a moth trapped in a relay of the Mark II computer. This particular "bug" was removed, taped to the log book, and now resides at the Smithsonian Institute. The term "bug" has since come to mean any error that is computer-related, especially a programming error.

Hopper \

credited with applying the engineering term "bug" to computing when her team found a moth trapped in a relay of the Mark II computer. This particular "bug" was removed, taped to the log book, and now resides at the Smithsonian Institute. The term "bug" has since come to mean any error that is computer-related, especially a programming error.

High-Level Programming Languages

fortran, basic, pascal, and c

Admiral Grace Hopper

was instrumental in developing the COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) programming language. Admiral Hopper's idea was to make a programming language closer to ordinary language so that it could be used by non-technical people, thus opening the practice of programming to the business world

Herman Hollerith

won the competition for the delivery of data processing equipment to assist in the processing of the data from the 1890 US Census. Tabulating Company eventually became IBM.

Herman Hollerith

won the competition for the delivery of data processing equipment to assist in the processing of the data from the 1890 US Census. The Hollerith Tabulating Company eventually became IBM.