Computer Science HTML Study Guide

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HTML Tags?

-HTML tags label pieces of content Ex. Heading, paragraph, and table <p> = start tag </p> = end tag

What is HTML?

-standard markup language for creating Web pages.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML headings are defined?

<h1>-<h6>

bookmark creation

<h2 id="C4">Chapter 4</h2> <a href="#C4">Jump to Chapter 4</a>

HTML page structure

<html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1></h1> <p></p> <p></p> </body> </html>

Image Maps

<map> tag defines an image-map which is a image with clickable areas. The tag comes from the <img>'s usemap attribute and creates a relationship between the image and the map. <area> tags are included in the map tags to define the clickable areas in the image-map

syntax

<tagname style="property:value;">

HTML Screen Readers

A screen reader is a software program that reads the HTML code, converts the text, and allows the user to "listen" to the content. Screen readers are useful for people who are blind, visually impaired, or learning disabled.

HTML Link Colors

An unvisited link is underlined and blue A visited link is underlined and purple An active link is underlined and red

Browsers vs. HTML tags

Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page

property

CSS property

Value

CSS value

CSS stands for?

Cascading Style Sheets.

external paths

External pages can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the current web page.

External references

External style sheets can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the current web page

HTML elements represents?

HTML elements are represented by tags

What are HTML elements?

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages

HTML stands for?

Hyper Text Markup Language

Images in Another Folder

If not specified, the browser expects to find the image in the same folder as the web page. However, it is common to store images in a sub-folder. You must then include the folder name in the src attribute:

What are the three ways CSS can be added to HTML elements?

Inline - by using the style attribute in HTML elements Internal - by using a <style> element in the <head> section External - by using an external CSS file

Images on Another Server

Some web sites store their images on image servers. Actually, you can access images from any web address in the world

id attribute

To define a specific style for one special element, add an id attribute to the element then define a style for the element with the specific id

class attribute

To define a style for a special type of elements, add a class attribute to the element then define a style for the elements with the specific class

Using an Image as a Link

To use an image as a link, simply nest the <img> tag inside the <a> tag

href attribute

added into the <a> and the attribute is href to put in links

Title attribute

added into the <p> tag and the attribute is title

inline CSS

applies a unique style to a single html element and the attribute used is style

id

attribute (id="value") to define bookmarks in a page

href

attribute to define the link address attribute (href="#value") to link to the bookmarklink text

target

attribute to define where to open the linked document _blank - Opens the linked document in a new window or tab _self - Opens the linked document in the same window/tab as it was clicked (this is default) _parent - Opens the linked document in the parent frame _top - Opens the linked document in the full body of the window framename - Opens the linked document in a named frame

local links

comes from the same website

<head>

container for metadata; placed between <html> tag and <body> tag

<hr>

creates a horizontal line

internal CSS

define a style for a single HTML page. defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within a <style> element:

External CSS

define the style for many HTML pages. add a link to it in the <head> section of the HTML page should not have HTML code and must be saved with a .css extension

CSS border

defines a border around an HTML element

CSS margin

defines a margin (space) outside the border

CSS padding

defines a padding (space) between the text and the border:

<pre>

defines preformated text and displayed in a fixed-width font (usually Courier), and it preserves both spaces and line breaks

HTML describes what?

describes the structure of Web pages using markup

<img>

element (inside <a>) to use an image as a link

<head>

element contains meta information about the document

<body>

element contains the visible page content

<h1>

element defines a large heading

<p>

element defines a paragraph

<html>

element is the root element of an HTML page

<title>

element specifies a title for the document

<a>

element to define a link

HTML Attributes

elements have attributes, provide additional information to the elements, specified in the start tag, and come in name/value pairs

CSS describes

how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media.

size attribute

images use the <img> tag and the attributes are width, height, and src

uses of headings

index the structure and content of your web pages

The lang attribute

language can be determined in the <html> tag and the attribute is lang

Image Floating

let the image float to the right or to the left of a text

<br>

line break <br /> = if you want an ending tag but it is not necessary

background-color

property defines the background color for an HTML element.

font-family

property defines the font to be used for an HTML element:

text-align

property defines the horizontal text alignment for an HTML element:

color

property defines the text color for an HTML element:

font-size

property defines the text size for an HTML element:

style attribute

setting the style of an HTML element

HTML display

spaces in the html code are ignored and not shown in web page

width and height attributes

specified in pixels

alt attribute

text when the image cant be displayed and it uses the <img> tag and the attribute is alt

Animated Images

the GIF standard allows animated images:

link text

visible part


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