COMS 225
The process of creating a message, adapting it, and sending it to a receiver via a channel is called
encoding
Wedding toasts would be an example of a speech to
entertain
Aristotle's term for credibility is?
ethos
In the event of an external distraction, like an audience member's cell phone ringing, you should
pause & wait until you can regain. the audience's atteention
If you value your listeners and want to communicate with them successfully, then audience analysis is critical because
public speaking is audience-centered
decoding
"Sensing (for example, hearing or seeing) a source's message, interpreting the source's message, evaluating the source's message, and responding to the source's message" (Wrench, McCroskey & Richmond, 2008).
Jose wants to know if a speaker wants him to sign a petition, but does not necessarily want to hear the reasoning behind the petition. What type of listener is Jose?
Action-oriented listener
Which of the following reactions is an example of feedback?
All of the above - laughing at a friend's joke - answering a teacher's question - rolling your eyes when you hear a baad pun
Freedom of speech is guaranteed by the
First Amendment to the Constitution
which of the following guidelines is not one of the author's suffusions for helping you view speech making positively and for visualizing success?
The author makes all of these suggestions - visualize yourself giving an effective speech - view public speaking as an opportunity - use cognitive restructuring, replacing negative thoughts with positive ones
You should prepare a list of questions for a focus group, rather than having conversation freely flow the whole time
True
Which of the following statements about public speaking audiences is true?
Without training in public speaking, the audience cannot easily detect the nervousness a speaker feels
interactional Model of Communication
a communication model that includes the idea that a sender encodes a message and a receiver decodes a message; feedback is also part of this model
transactional model of communication
a communication model that introduces the idea that individuals are sending and receiving messages at thee same time
speech to entertain
a speech given for a particular occasion
persuasive speaking
a speech with a primary purpose of changing the audience's briefs, attitudes, or valus
informative speaking
a speech with a primary purpose to share knowledge on a topic
linear model of communication
a theory of communication in which a message is sent from a sender to a receiver
listening
active, focused, concentrated attention for the purpose of understanding the meanings expressed by a speaker
You pick the topic, "What to Do on a Friday Night When You Can't Drink," because your demographic analysis found that a large segment of the college audience is under the age of 21. You feel that your topic will be useful to the over-21 listeners, as well. However, your principal focus will be on the under-21 crowd. Your top selection and the narrowing of your focus was based on the audience's
age
Which of the following are effective ways to reduce speaker anxiety
all of the above - practice positive visualization - focus on your audience, rather than yourself - analyze your audiencee
The Dialogue Theory of Public Speaking includes all of the principles EXCEPT
all people have the same meaning for words
hearing
an accidental and automatic brain response to sound that requires no effort
communication apprehension
an individual's "fear or anxiety" associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons
noise
anything that interferes with the transmission of a message
cognitive restructuring
changing how you label the physiological responses you will experience
situational audience analysis
characteristics related to the specific speaking situation
semantic noise
confusion over the meaning of a source's word choice
Interpreting, evaluating, and responding to a message is
decoding
The Interactional Modl of Communication added what element to the communication model
decoding
gender, age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are all
demographic information
physiological noise
distractions to a speaker's message caused by a listener's own body
psychological noise
distractions to a speaker's message caused by a receiver's eternal thoughts
As long as surveys are anonymous then respondents will always tell the truth
false
Careful audience analysis before your speech will guid your topic selection, but not necessarily how you focus and develop your subject.
false
Memorizing a speech is a good way to deal with speaker apprehension
false
Telling a joke is a great way to start a speech?
false
The occasion, or the reason for the speaking event, is not necessarily a critical factor in determining what type of audience you will be facing.
false
The three parts of the ethics pyramid include all of the following EXCEPT?
feedback
_______ is when a receiver sends a message back to the source
feedback
assumptions
gaps in logical sequence that listeners passively fill with their own ideas and opinions and may or may not be accurate
an automatic brain response that requires no effort is
haring
a word or phrase that cannot b predicts by a dictionary definition is a(n)
idiom
An instructor presenting a lecture on how plants use light as a source of energy is giving a speech to
inform
Emily is writing a speech on adopting pets from a shelter. Although she knows PETA is biased source, their information is very persuasive, so she includes t anyway. What combination of the ethics pyramid does this case represent?
intentional use of bad means
content-oriented listener
listeners that are interested in the message itself, whether it makes sense, what it means, and whether i's accurate
action-oriented listener
listeners that are primary interested in finding out what the speaker wants
people-oriented listener
listeners that listen to the message in order to learn how the speaker thinks and how they feel about their message
Time-oriented listener
listeners that prefer a message that gets to the point quickly
Chemically & physiologically, all people experience stage fright. Which of the following do people not experience
restricted blood flow to large muscles groups
Speaker apprehension is usually the highest?
right before the speech
If Katrina is up all night worrying about the number of chairs in the room she is using to present in she should probably conduct a?
situational analysis
Want presented a persuasive speech entitled, "How to Best Vacation in Ibiza. " Which demographic trait did she likely overlook when preparing her speech?
socioeconomic status
physical noise
sounds in an environment that interfere with a source's ability to hear
feedback
th message a receiver sends back to the sender
psychological information
the beliefs, attitudes, and values that your audience members embrace
demographic information
the genre, age range, marital starts, race, and ethnicity of the people in your audience
receiver
the person who decodes a communication message
audience analysis
the process of gathering information about the people in your audience so that you can understand their needs, expectations, beliefs, values, attitudes, and likely opinions
source
the sender of a message
frame of referenc
the unique set of perspectives, experience, knowledge, and values belonging to very ndividual
credibility
thee perception that the speaker is honest, knowledgeable, and rightly motiivated
channel
thee way in which a message is communicated
A little nervousness will actually help you to give a better speech
true
As a speaker you must try to assess the audience's understanding or comprehension of your message.
true
Ethical public speakers consider the diversity of their audiences and use appropriate channels to communicate with as many of them as possible
true
One way to analyze your audience is by observing them
true
Your challenge as a public speaker is to recognize how your listeners offer from one another and to understand, respect, and adapt to the diversity as you develop and deliver your speeches.
true
a survey or interview should be kept short
true
If Elizabeth persuades an audience that adopting from an animal shelter is the only moral choice, she has influenced her listeners'
values
Which audience characteristic would not be available through a demographic analysis of your audience?
values
encoding
what a source does when "crating a message, adapting it to the receiver and transmitting it across some source-selectd channel" (Wrench, McCrosky & Richmond, 2008)