Concentration and preparation of solutions
Define relative density
How much the weight of a given solution is bigger than than the weight of an equal volume of water
Define one mole. Give the equation
The mass in grams of this amount of a substance, numerically equal to the molecular mass of the substance Equation: n = m/Mr
Concentration of bilirubin in the blood serum of a healthy person
does not exceed 34 mikro (tecken) mol/L
Concentration of ammonia in blood plasma
is 12-65 mikromol/L
Concentration of iron ions in the serum of a newly born baby
is 18-45 mikromol/L
Dialysis
is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This helps keep your fluids and electrolytes in balance when the kidneys can't do their job.
Solution = _____+ ______
solute + solvent
Types of percent concentration:
1.Weight/Weight percent concentration (w/w%). Equation: w/w% = weight of solute/weight of solution * 100 Expressed in grams. (If solute is in milligram & solution in gram, the answer will be in mg) 2.Weight/Volume Percent concentration (w/v%) Equation: w/v% = weight of solute/volume of solution * 100 Expressed in mL. 3.Volume/Volume percent concentration (v/v%) Equation: v/v% = volume of solute/total volume of solution * 100 Expressed in mL
Concentration of Na+ in blood
136-151 mol/L
Concentration of potassium in blood
3.5-5.1 mmol/L
Define solution
A mixture of two or more substances in a single liquid phase
Define solution concentration
Amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent
Define mixing equation. Give the equation
Diluting solutions or mixing solutions of one and the same solute with different concentrations. Equation: Cx = m1c1 + m2c2 + m3c3 + ..../m1 + m2 + m3 + ....... c1,c2,c3 .... = the concentrations of the solutions we mix m1,m2,m3 = mass (in grams) of the solutions we mix
Define mass density. Give the equation
Mass of 1 L or 1mL of a given substance (solution). It is expressed in kg/m^3 or g/mL. Equation: p = m, solution/v, solution V = m/p --> volume in ml
Define normal concentration, normality (eq/L)
Number of equivalents of a solute in one liter of solution
Define micromolar concentration
Number of micro moles of a solute in one liter of solution.
Osmole (Osm)
Number of moles of osmotic active particles
Define molar concentration. Give the equation
Number of moles of solute per liter of solution. mol/L (M) Equation: M = m1/Mr * V Mr = relative molecular mass of solute m1 = mass of solute in grams V = volume of solution in liters Unit: m/L
Define nanomolar concentration
Number of nano moles of a solute in a liter of solution
Osmolarity (Osm/L)
Number of osmoles in one liter of solution
Define solution density
Ratio between the weight and volume of a given solution
Solubility
The ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.
Define millimolar concentration
The number of millimoles of a solute in one liter of solution
Define molal concentration. Give the equation
The number of moles of a solute in 1000 grams of solvent Equation: Cm = m1* 1000/m * Mr Mr = relative molecular mass of the solute m1 = mass of solute m = mass of solvent
Define solvent
The part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount)
Define solute
The part of a solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount)
Define percent concentration
The percent of the solute in 100 g or 100 mL solution or solvent
Define weight/volume percent concentration
The weight of the solute in the total volume of solution
Isotonic solutions
Two solutions having the same osmotic pressure