Concentration and preparation of solutions

Define relative density

How much the weight of a given solution is bigger than than the weight of an equal volume of water

Define one mole. Give the equation

The mass in grams of this amount of a substance, numerically equal to the molecular mass of the substance Equation: n = m/Mr

Concentration of bilirubin in the blood serum of a healthy person

does not exceed 34 mikro (tecken) mol/L

Concentration of ammonia in blood plasma

is 12-65 mikromol/L

Concentration of iron ions in the serum of a newly born baby

is 18-45 mikromol/L

Dialysis

is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This helps keep your fluids and electrolytes in balance when the kidneys can't do their job.

Solution = _____+ ______

solute + solvent

Types of percent concentration:

1.Weight/Weight percent concentration (w/w%). Equation: w/w% = weight of solute/weight of solution * 100 Expressed in grams. (If solute is in milligram & solution in gram, the answer will be in mg) 2.Weight/Volume Percent concentration (w/v%) Equation: w/v% = weight of solute/volume of solution * 100 Expressed in mL. 3.Volume/Volume percent concentration (v/v%) Equation: v/v% = volume of solute/total volume of solution * 100 Expressed in mL

Concentration of Na+ in blood

136-151 mol/L

Concentration of potassium in blood

3.5-5.1 mmol/L

Define solution

A mixture of two or more substances in a single liquid phase

Define solution concentration

Amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent

Define mixing equation. Give the equation

Diluting solutions or mixing solutions of one and the same solute with different concentrations. Equation: Cx = m1c1 + m2c2 + m3c3 + ..../m1 + m2 + m3 + ....... c1,c2,c3 .... = the concentrations of the solutions we mix m1,m2,m3 = mass (in grams) of the solutions we mix

Define mass density. Give the equation

Mass of 1 L or 1mL of a given substance (solution). It is expressed in kg/m^3 or g/mL. Equation: p = m, solution/v, solution V = m/p --> volume in ml

Define normal concentration, normality (eq/L)

Number of equivalents of a solute in one liter of solution

Define micromolar concentration

Number of micro moles of a solute in one liter of solution.

Osmole (Osm)

Number of moles of osmotic active particles

Define molar concentration. Give the equation

Number of moles of solute per liter of solution. mol/L (M) Equation: M = m1/Mr * V Mr = relative molecular mass of solute m1 = mass of solute in grams V = volume of solution in liters Unit: m/L

Define nanomolar concentration

Number of nano moles of a solute in a liter of solution

Osmolarity (Osm/L)

Number of osmoles in one liter of solution

Define solution density

Ratio between the weight and volume of a given solution

Solubility

The ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.

Define millimolar concentration

The number of millimoles of a solute in one liter of solution

Define molal concentration. Give the equation

The number of moles of a solute in 1000 grams of solvent Equation: Cm = m1* 1000/m * Mr Mr = relative molecular mass of the solute m1 = mass of solute m = mass of solvent

Define solvent

The part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount)

Define solute

The part of a solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount)

Define percent concentration

The percent of the solute in 100 g or 100 mL solution or solvent

Define weight/volume percent concentration

The weight of the solute in the total volume of solution

Isotonic solutions

Two solutions having the same osmotic pressure