Concepts of Biology Chp 1 - 4 (Canvas quiz only)

When a cell takes in (eats) another cell or debris this is called....

Endocytosis Endo means "inside," so, it means taking things into the cell

Which of the following are steroids?

Estrogen (Estrodial), Testosterone, Cholesterol All of the above Both sex hormones and cholesterol are examples of steroid molecules.

Which of the following domains includes organisms with cells that have nuclei?

Eukarya

The correct sequence of the Scientific Method is:

1. Observation, 2. Question, 3. Hypothesis, 4. Experiment 5. Conclusion.

Which of the following domains includes organisms with cells that have nuclei? (duplicate) a. Archae b. Bacteria c. All of the answers provided d. Eukarya

Eukarya Correct. Only Eukarya have organelles, including nuclei - it's what defines the group.

Which of the following domains includes organisms with cells that have nuclei?

Eukarya (Only Eukarya have organelles, including nuclei - it's what defines the group) a. bacteria b. all of the answers provided c Eukarya d. archae

All of the member of "one species" living in a defined area are known as a:

Population (refers to a group of members of a single species)The other choices (communities, ecosystems, and biospheres) all include multiple species.

A hydrophilic substance dissolves in water.

True Hydrophilic means "water-loving" - and water loving substances dissolve in it.

The three-dimensional structure of organic molecules affects their function.

True Organic molecules are large, and the shape of a molecule is very important for its function.

Which organelle stores water in plants?

Vacuole Correct. Specifically, the central vacuole stores water in plant cells and helps the cell keep its shape.

Which of the following is not considered an organic molecule?

Water Water, while necessary for life, is not considered an organic molecule. It is small and does not contain carbon.Carbohydrates, Protein, Lipids, Nucleic Acid. (Macromolecules)

From where does the term "cells", used to describe the box-shaped spaces in cork under a microscope, originate ?

a "cell" is the name for small rooms that monks stay in.

In dehydration synthesis, when monomers such as amino acids or monosaccharides combine to form polymers such as proteins or polysaccharides, what molecule is lost in that reaction?

a water molecule Makes sense - dehydration refers to removing water.

Why does an increase in temperature increase the diffusion rate?

because it makes the molecules move faster Correct - the warmer something is, the faster the molecules move

Which of the following determines if a substance will enter a cell via simple diffusion?

both the size of the molecule and the concentration gradient Both size and concentration gradient affect the ability of a molecule to diffuse through a membrane.

Which polysaccharide forms the tough fiber that holds up plants?

celluloseCellulose is the tough, fibrous polysaccharide that also forms insoluble dietary fiber (like the ribs in celery).

Which polysaccharide forms the shells of animals such as insects and crabs?

chitlin

Which of the following "molecules" is responsible for maintaining the fluid nature of the cell membrane at different temperatures?

cholesterol (Molecules) Cholesterol keeps the membrane from melting in high temperatures, and from becoming solid at low temperatures. phospholipids (Macromolecules) integral and peripheral proteins do not maintain fluid nature and temperature

Polar molecules are formed by which type of bonding?

covalent

Glycolysis occurs in which part of a cell?

cytoplasm

When the number of hydrogen ions in a solution increases, the pH will

decrease The more H+ ions in solution, the lower the pH of the fluid.

Which of the following is considered the smallest unit of "living" material?

e. Cells a. atoms b. molecules c. tissues d. organs e. cells

Which of the following has a negative charge?

electron

Which of the following particles occurs in the outer shell of an atom, and can be shared or exchanged with other atoms in chemical reactions? (duplicate)

electron

Which of the following particles occurs in the OUTER SHELL of an atom, and can be SHARED or EXCHANGED with other atoms in chemical reactions? electronelectrons are given, received, or shared between atoms during chemical reactions

electron electrons are given, received, or shared between atoms during chemical reactions

Which of the following is NOT a main function of protein?

energy Carbohydrates are for short term energy, lipids for long term energy, and protein is only used for energy when the body has nothing else to burn.

Glucose enters a cell via....

facilitated diffusion (correct answer) NOT active transport (my answer) incorrect Glucose is usually in higher concentration on the outside of the cell and needs to get in, but it's too big to simply diffuse through.

Hydrophobic molecules mix with water.

false

Glucose is a disaccharide

false Glucose isn't a disaccharide, it's a monosaccharide. sucrose (made from glucose and fructose

A pH of 5 is considered basic (alkaline).

false acidic

What is the function of phospholipids?

forms cell membranes Phospholipids are the basic molecules used to build cell membranes

The requirements (reactants) of aerobic cellular respiration are

glucose, O2 The reactants in cellular respiration include glucose and oxygen.

Which polysaccharide do animals use to temporarily store excess glucose?

glycogen Glycogen is a long chain polysaccharide molecule put together in your liver to temporarily store excess glucose.

Which of the following metabolic pathways forms 2 three-carbon-long molecules (pyruvate) from glucose?

glycolysis Correct. In glycolysis, glucose, a 6 carbon sugar, is broken into two 3-carbon long pyruvates.

The order of steps in aerobic cellular respiration are:

glycolysis, intermediate step, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Which organelle makes sure manufactured proteins get to the correct area of the cell for use?

golgi complex (golgi body, golgi apparatus) correct, the golgi complex finishes up and ships proteins made by the endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is true of a eukaryotic cell?

has a nucleus with DNA

Which level of protein structure refers to the combination of several smaller polypeptide molecules into one big protein?

quaternary Correct. Quaternary structure is what happens when protein subunits are put together

If the pH in your blood increases, your body's buffering system will respond by

releasing H+ ions to bring the pH down An increase of H+ ions will cause the pH to go down, thus, bringing it back from alkaline to normal pH.

Which organelle is important for protein synthesis?

ribosomes Ribosomes are found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and serve as the "workbench" to produce proteins.

Which organelle is important for protein synthesis? (duplicate)

ribosomes Ribosomes are found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and serve as the "workbench" to produce proteins.

Which of the following is NOT found in the cell membrane?

ribosomes are found inside the cell Cell membrane (Plasma membrane) - Has Phospholipids - Has proteins - Cholesterol is a type of Phospholipid

Ultimately, how many net "ATP molecules" are produced per glucose molecule as a result of "GLYCOLYSIS?" (This means, how many usable ATP molecules do you end up with at the end of the process, accounting for the ones you had to use at the beginning to get the process started)?

2 You use 2 ATP molecules to get the process started, then four total are produced - but, you have to subtract the two you used to begin with, for a NET of 2 ATP from each molecule of glucose.

Which of the following enters the citric acid cycle?

2 two-carbon-long molecules (acetyl CoA)

There are ___ amino acids

20

Approximately how many ATP are produced per glucose molecule in total by the entire cellular respiration process (all 4 stages)?

36 Correct. Although it varies a little bit in some tissues, approximately 36 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule are produced during the four stages of cellular respiration.

What does a buffer system do?

A buffer system helps maintain homeostasis by keeping pH in a narrow range.

Which is true of living things? a. They pass their genetic information to the next generation b. they maintain constant internal conditions c. they respond to their environment d. all of the above.

All of the above

Oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP by

Allowing hydrogen ions to flow through an ATP synthase channel (wild guess!) As hydrogen ions flow through the ATP synthase channel, they provide the energy required to convert ADP into ATP. (Correct description) All these three are wrong answers they contain carbon.Breaking 2-carbon long molecules into carbon dioxide (a 1 carbon molecule) Preparing a three-carbon-long molecule to enter the citric acid cycle. Breaking glucose, a 6-carbon molecule, into 2 three-carbon-long molecules

What is a hypothesis?

An educated guess that proposes an answer to a question asked about a particular observation.

Which of the following terms represents the highest level of complexity (organization) in the living systems?

Biosphere

Which of the following is considered the smallest unit of living material?

Cell

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic parts of unified cell theory?

Cells appear spontaneously.

The process of converting the "chemical energy" stored in food "into" the chemical bonds in "ATP" is called

Cellular respiration For cellular respiration, we use "oxygen" (chemical energy) to break down glucose, and extract the energy from the bonds in the glucose to make ATP molecules.

Which of the following organelles are thought to have originated from symbiotic bacteria?

Chloroplasts have their own DNA, separate from the cell's DNA, which closely resembles bacterial DNA. The endosymbiotic theory deals with the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts, two eukaryotic organelles that have bacteria characteristics. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to have developed from symbiotic bacteria, specifically alpha-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively.

All of the organisms (multiple species) living together in a relatively small defined area are known as a:

Community

Having a __________ in a scientific experiment helps ensure that the results you are collecting are because of your experimental conditions, and not because of some unforeseen problem in how you designed your experiment.

Control a. theory b. control c. hypothesis d. variable

Active transport moves molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

False Active transport moves molecules from low concentration to high concentration

Glucose is a disaccharide.

False Glucose is a monosaccharide

Once a theory is proven, it does not change.

False In science, we constantly update theories to reflect new information, as new technology and new studies add to our knowledge base. In fact, we don't "prove" ideas in science, we support them with data (sometimes, very strongly). but always leaving room for new information to change our perspective.

Phospholipids are arranged in a cell membrane with the phosphate heads next to each other in the middle of the bilayer.

False The phospholipids are on the outside of the bilayer or google for images search.

"Science" can be used to explain supernatural phenomena

False (The scientific method on observable phenomena that can be repeatedly tested. Supernatural phenomena by definition cannot be observed by all people, and we currently do not have the technology to observe them repeatedly. As technology changes, some supernatural phenomena may become testable.

A dependent variable is the variable being changed in the experiment by the investigator

False (This is the independent variable. The dependent variable is the data (results) being collected by the researcher.

DNA is found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

FalseCorrect. DNA is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, not in the cytoplasm.

Which of the following does not require oxygen to occur?

Glycolysis Glycolysis does not require oxygen to occur, as it is the first step in cellular respiration.

Custom question from the Biology Jeopardy Which are the three organelles responsible for the distrubtion of proteins?

Golgi Body Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes

What type of bonds are found between multiple water molecules (or other polar molecules)?

Hydrogen Hydrogen bonds are formed BETWEEN polar molecules. The molecules are attracted to each other because one end of each polar molecule is slightly charged. The slight charges within the polar molecules exist because of the uneven sharing of electrons within each molecule.

Which of the following requires oxygen to occur?

Intermediate step Oxidative phosphorylation citric acid cycle All of the above.

What type of molecule is wax?

Lipid

Which of the following molecules temporarily accepts an electron, the result being that the product molecule stores energy? (looking for the reactant not the product)

NAD+ The molecule NAD+ accepts an electron to becomes NADH - and now that NADH molecule has that electron stored to use for energy later.

Which molecules temporarily store energy (in the form of electrons) from the citric acid cycle to be used in oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP?

NADH and FADH2 (check the cellular respiration worksheet) NAD+ and FAD+ accept electrons to become NADH and FADH2 during the citric acid cycle, and then give up those electrons during oxidative phosphorylation to convert ADP to ATP.

The normal range of pH for the human body is around

Neutral (7 or slightly above)The actual pH is 7.4

Week 2 Chp 2 Canvas practice questions Which of the following has no charge?

Neutron (Neutral, not positive/negative)

The largest organelle in an animal cell, usually visible at low power on a microscope, is the...

Nucleus

Which forms a base?

OH- ions OH- ions that are akaline (form a base)

The first step in the scientific method involves

Observing the world around you (Observation)

The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable (cell) membrane is called...(choose the best answer).

Osmosis The movement of water, in particular, is osmosis.

Week 4 Chp 4 Canvas practice questions Which step in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Oxidative phosphorylation (the electron transport system) Correct. In the electron transport system (oxidative phosphorylation), the energy from movement of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane creates many ATP molecules.

Week 1 Chp 1 Canvas practice questions "All of the members of one species living in a defined area" are known as a:

Population (Population refers to a group of members of a one single species. The other choices (communities, ecosystems, and biospheres) all include multiple species.

If you were testing the effectiveness of a new fertilizer, which of the following tests would provide the most reliable results?

Running the experiment five times with five potted plants per each type of fertilizer being tested. (The bigger the sample size (# of pots), and the more repetitions (# of trials), the more likely it is that an experiment will reflect what is actually occuring in the system being studied. THE BEST ANSWER OF THESE CHOICES IS 5 POTS and 5 TRIALS.

Which type of dietary fat is always solid at room temperature?

Saturated Saturated fats have no double bonds, so they are very straight molecules that pack in together

What is the atomic number of an element?

The number of protons in one atom of the element the atomic number is the number of protons in that atom, and it defines what element that atom is

What type of bond is characterized by the complete transfer of outer shell electrons?

ionic It is molecules with ionic bonds that are characterized by one atom giving the outermost shell electrons completely to another atom. Typically, it happens when one atom only has one or two electrons in its outer shell, and the other atom needs one or two electrons to fill its outer shell.

Atoms or molecules which have a completely positive or negative charge are called.

ions Ions are charged atoms or molecules that have either given away or wholly accepted electrons to or from another atom

The quantity of matter in an object is defined as its

mass Mass is defined as the quantity of matter in an object.

Which cytoskeletal element is the smallest?

microfilaments

Which cytoskeletal element forms cilia and flagella?

microtubulues

The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur in which part of the cell?

mitochondria

Week 3 Chp 3 Canvas practice questions Which organelle is important for converting food into energy the cell can use?

mitochondria Correct. Mitochondria use sugar and oxygen to make ATP, which the cell uses for energy.

Which organelle is important for converting food into energy the cell can use? (duplicate)

mitochondria Mitochondria use sugar and oxygen to make ATP, which the cell uses for energy

Which type of chemical bond is characterized by the equal sharing of electrons?

nonpolar covalent Correct. Molecules with covalent bonds share electrons, and when they share them equally among the atoms involved, the entire molecule is balanced with respect to electrical charge.

Which of the following does not mix with water?

nonpolar molecules Nonpolar molecules do not mix with water, because water is polar, and nonpolar molecules have no charges to interact with the slightly charged polar molecule.

The building blocks (monomers) of nucleic acids are called:

nucleotides

The number of molecules that can be moved at a time by facilitated diffusion is limited by...

number of carrier proteins in the membrane Correct. Molecules can only get through the membrane one at a time through the channel proteins.

What is the structure of a triglyceride?

one glycerol and three fatty acids

Which of the following terms refers to the highest level of organization reached by an individual living being?

organism

The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable (cell) membrane is called...(choose the best answer). (duplicate)

osmosis

Which of the following molecules passes through cell membranes via simple diffusion?

oxygen Out of the answers listed, only oxygen is a small enough molecule to slip through the cell membrane.

What must be available in the cell for oxidative phosphorylation to occur?

oxygen Oxygen is required to combine with hydrogen ions during oxidative phosphorylation.

What type of bonds are found between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms inside a water molecule (NOT between water molecules)?

polar covalent

Which level of protein structure refers to the amino acid sequence of the protein molecule?

primary

When an atom is in its elemental (simplest) form, it always has the same number of...

protons and electrons

When an atom is in its elemental (simplest) form, it always has the same number of...

protons and electrons an atom in its simplest elemental form always have the SAME number of protons (which defines what element it is), and the same number of electrons to match, The number of neutrons can vary between isotopes of the element.

Test 1 Practice Quiz - not worth points, just for practice If you were testing the effectiveness of a new fertilizer, which of the following tests would provide the most reliable results?

running the experiment five times with five potted plants per each type of fertilizer being tested

Which level of protein structure refers to the regular fold or spiral shape that comes from the interaction of the amino and acid functional groups on an amino acid?

secondary Correct. Secondary structure is regular folds or spirals formed from the attraction of the polar molecules on each side of the amino acid backbone.

If a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution it will:

shrink (crenate) Correct. A hypertonic solution has more "stuff" dissolved outside than inside the cell, so the water moves out of the cell to dilute the "stuff"

Glucose + fructose forms which disaccharide? a. galactose b. maltose c. sucrose. d. lactose.

sucrose

Glucose + fructose forms which disaccharide?

sucrose Correct. Sucrose, otherwise known as table sugar.

Which level of protein structure refers to the 3D shape that forms when the R-groups on the different amino acids interact? (duplicate)

tertiary

Which level of protein structure refers to the 3D shape that forms when the R-groups on the different amino acids interact?

tertiary Tertiary structure is the interaction of the amino acids' unique R group side chains, which vary depending on the amino acid sequence. This folds the molecule up into it's 3D shape.

Why is carbon-14 used to determine how old a formerly-living thing is?

the amount found in a dead organism decreases the older the body is, because carbon-14 radioactively decaysThe carbon 12 to carbon 14 ratio stays the same in organisms while they are alive. When the organism dies (and stops taking in fresh carbon), the carbon 14 radioactively decays (changes) to carbon 12, so the older the fossil, the less carbon 14 is present. .

Why does water have such a high specific heat (why is it such a good insulator)?

the hydrogen bonds between water molecules hold them together strongly enough that it takes a lot of energy to move them apart

Why does water have such a high specific heat (why is it such a good insulator)? (duplicate)

the hydrogen bonds between water molecules hold them together strongly enough that it takes a lot of energy to move them apart

If you add an acid to a beaker of water the hydrogen ion concentration will increase.

true To make a fluid more acidic, add H+ ions.

The products of aerobic cellular respiration are:

water, CO2 and ATP The products of cellular respiration include water, carbon dioxide, and ATP.