Consumer Behavior Exam 1 (Chapter 2)

tradition/change

. Which of the following is an example of an environment-oriented value? A) active/passive B) tradition/change C) extended/limited family D) masculine/feminine E) material/nonmaterial

polychronic

A culture that tends to view time as being less discrete and less subject to scheduling, views simultaneous involvement in many activities as natural, allows activities to occur at their own pace rather than according to a predetermined timetable is adhering to a _____ time perspective. A) polychronic B) monochronic C) linear D) parallel E) simultaneous

time perspective

A culture's overall orientation toward time is known as its _____. A) time perspective B) time meaning C) uses and gratifications D) time symbolism E) time relationship

other-oreinted

Asian societies (i.e., Japan) value collective activity. That is, consumers look toward others for guidance in purchase decisions and do not respond favorably to promotional appeals focusing on individualism. Which category of cultural values does this represent? A) internally-oriented B) environment-oriented C) other-oriented D) self-oriented E) group-oriented

etiquette

Charmaine is a member of a junior miss organization that teaches young women how to behave in various social situations. She is learning manners, how to carry herself, and appropriate attire for specific situations. Charmaine is learning _____. A) culture B) time symbolism C) symbolism D) etiquette E) verbal language

non verbal communications

Howard Industries is a computer manufacturer located in Laurel, MS. This company is interested in expanding internationally. Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy that Howard Industries needs to be aware of A) nonverbal communications B) natural resources C) economic conditions D) exchange rates E) all of the above

culture is acquired that is it is learned

In the United States, promptness is considered a virtue. Americas are expected to be on time to an event, and they expect others to do so as well. Which aspect of culture best explains this behavior? A) Culture is a simple concept. B) Culture is something one is born with. C) Culture is unique to each individual in a society. D) Culture is time-bound. E) Culture is acquired, that is, it is learned.

china

In which country is the concept of guanxi, which involves personal relationships, an important consideration? A) United States B) Canada C) China D) India E) Saudi Arabia

individualism

Jake is in the market for a new car. He's looking at brands such as Mercedes, Lexus, and BMW because he feels they tell other people that he's successful in life. This is an illustration of which value? A) collectivism B) youth C) masculine D) individualism E) active

instrumental

James used his birthday money to buy a skateboard so that he can be out with his friends at the park skateboarding. Which type of materialism does this represent? A) primary B) secondary C) terminal D) instrumental E) means-end

terminal

John and his wife love art and travel the world to purchase artwork that is representative of a country's culture. Which type of materialism does this represent? A) terminal B) instrumental C) cultural D) primary E) secondary

cultural values

Marketers that wish to expand internationally need to understand a culture's widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. To do this, marketers should study _____.

non verbal communications

Nicholas is examining how people in India perceive time, space, symbols, relationships, agreements, things, and etiquette. He is interested in these factors because they influence _____. A) language B) demographics C) nonverbal communications D) values E) laws

cultural values

Norms are derived from _____. A) cultural values B) laws C) education D) international protocol E) law enforcement officials

environment oriented

Sam has learned that a country to which his company desires to expand places a high value on cleanliness and admires nature immensely. Which category of cultural values does this represent? A) other-oriented B) self-oriented C) environment-oriented D) externally-oriented E) internally-oriented

culture

Sarah's job at a major manufacturer of consumer package goods is to learn as much as possible about the knowledge, beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans in a given country in which her company intends to expand. Her job, then, is to understand a country's _____.

diversity

The United States is comprised of a culture that accepts a wide array of personal behaviors and attitudes, foods, dress, and other products and services. Thus, the United States values _____. A) uniformity B) collectivism C) power D) diversity E) cooperation

norms

The boundaries that culture sets on behavior are called _____. A) rules B) norms C) prescriptions D) precepts E) sanctions

active/passive

The fact that Americans are prone to engage in physical activities and to take an action-oriented approach to problems can be explained through which self-oriented value dichotomy? A) sensual gratification/abstinence B) competitive/cooperative C) diversity/uniformity D) active/passive E) age/youth

size

The population of the United States is almost 300 million people. With respect to demographics, this number represents _____. A) size B) structure C) dispersion D) density E) concentration

sanctions

Violation of cultural norms results in _____, or penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group

perspective and interpretation

What are the two major ways time varies between cultures? A) primary and secondary B) work and leisure C) family and personal D) monochronic and polychronic E) perspective and interpretation

instrumental and terminal

What are the two types of materialism? A) primary and secondary B) internal and external C) instrumental and terminal D) masculine and feminine E) individual and collective

family unit

What is the basis for virtually all societies? A) family unit B) government C) schools D) religion E) workplace

mass media

What is the largest single influence on the movement toward uniformity in the teenage market? A) mass media B) education C) work D) travel E) religion

to influence brazilian regulators to allow it to operate its service after normal working hours

What was the challenge facing FedEx in the Chapter 2 opener

teenagers

Which age group is the closest thing to a global culture today? A) babies B) young children C) teenagers D) middle-aged adults E) senior citizens

india

Which country is the leading movie producer and consumer in the world? A) United States B) Japan C) China D) India E) England

asian

Which culture has traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age? A) American B) Australian C) British D) European E) Asian

united states

Which of the following country tends to value individualism over collectivism? A) Mexico B) India C) United States D) Korea E) Japan

all of the above are broad form of cultural values

Which of the following is NOT a broad form of cultural values? A) other-oriented B) environment-oriented C) self-oriented D) object-oriented E) all of the above are broad forms of cultural values

Exchange Rates

Which of the following is NOT a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy A) demographics B) language C) exchange rates D) values E) nonverbal communications

values

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing nonverbal communications? A) etiquette B) time C) relationships D) values E) things

competitive/cooperative

Which of the following is NOT an example of an environment-oriented value? A) cleanliness B) tradition/change C) nature D) competitive/cooperative E) problem solving/fatalistic

all of the above

Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy A) demographics B) values C) language D) nonverbal communications E) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a factor influencing nonverbal communications? A) things B) relationships C) space D) symbols E) all of the above

religious/secular

Which of the following is an example of a self-oriented value? A) religious/secular B) individual/collective C) risk taking/security D) tradition/change E) diversity/uniformity

all of the above

Which of the following is considered a symbol that has varying meaning across cultures? A) colors B) animals C) numbers D) music E) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is enabling the growth of a global culture? A) mass media B) work C) education D) travel E) all of the above

language

Which of the following is most closely related to verbal communications? A) time B) space C) language D) colors E) shapes

children in all countries have a significant influence on purchases

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding youth and age? A) Mature spokespersons would tend to be more successful in Asian cultures because they have traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age. B) Arab countries are becoming increasingly youth oriented. C) American society is youth oriented. D) Children in all countries have a significant influence on purchases. E) China's policy of limiting families to one child has produced a strong focus on the child.

culture is acquired

Which of the following statements is true regarding culture? A) Culture is a relatively simple concept. B) Culture is acquired. C) Culture often provides detailed prescriptions for appropriate behavior. D) The nature of cultural influences is such that we are consciously aware of them. E) all of the above

monochronic time perspective

Which time perspective views time almost as a physical object believing that a person does one thing at a time? A) linear time perspective B) parallel time perspective C) sequential time perspective D) monochronic time perspective E) polychronic time perspective

terminal

Which type of materialism is the acquisition of items for the sake of owning the item itself? A) primary B) secondary C) terminal D) instrumental E) end state

instrumental

Which type of materialism is the acquisition of things to enable one to do something? A) primary B) secondary C) terminal D) means-end E) instrumental

risk taking/ security

Which value has a strong influence on entrepreneurship and economic development as well as new-product acceptance? A) individual/collective B) competitive/cooperative C) tradition/change D) risk taking/security E) masculine/feminine

risk taking/security

Which value relates to tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance? A) youth/age B) risk taking/security C) individual/collective D) masculine/feminine E) diversity/uniformity

structure

With respect to demographics, which of the following describes the society in terms of age, income, education, and occupation? A) size B) distribution C) concentration D) structure E) composition

size

With respect to demographics, which of the following refers to the number of individuals in a society? A) distribution B) size C) structure D) dispersion E) concentration

distribution

___ refers to the physical location of individuals in terms of geographic region and rural, suburban, and urban location. A) Size B) Structure C) Distribution D) Dispersion E) Concentration

norms

_____ are rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations. A) Norms B) Precepts C) Sanctions D) Prescriptions E) Values

non verbal communication systems

_____ are the arbitrary meanings a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words. A) Nonverbal communication systems B) Values C) Sub-cultures D) Semiotics E) Perspectives

cultural values

_____ are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. A) Laws B) Religion C) Edicts D) Cultural values E) Sanctions

demographics

_____ describe a population in terms of its size, structure, and distribution. A) Economics B) Demographics C) Psychographics D) Geographics E) Lifestyles

purchasing power parity

_____ is based on the cost of a standard market basket of products bought in each country. A) Adjusted gross income (AGI) B) Gross domestic product (GDP) C) Per capita income (PCI) D) Purchasing power parity (PPP) E) Cross-cultural purchasing power (CPP)

Culture

_____ is the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society

power distance

_____ refers to the degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society. A) Cooperation B) Power distance C) Collectivism D) Individualism E) Status

etiquette

_____ represents generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations. A) Guanxi B) Etiquette C) Demographics D) Culture E) Monochronism

fatalists

_____ tend to feel they don't have control over the outcome of events. A) Fatalists B) Individualists C) Collectivists D) Females E) Males

environment oriented

_____ values prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technological as well as its physical environment. A) Other-oriented B) Self-oriented C) Externally-oriented D) Internally-oriented E) Environment-oriented

other-oriented

_____ values reflect a society's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society. A) Other-oriented B) Environment-oriented C) Self-oriented D) Externally-oriented E) Internally-oriented

self oriented

_____ values reflect the objectives and approaches to life that the individual members of society find desirable. A) Other-oriented B) Self-oriented C) Environment-oriented D) Externally-oriented E) Internally-oriented