CORRECTIONS CHAPTER 3

12. A punishment must be _____ in order to serve as effective deterrence. A. swift B. certain C. severe D. all of these

D

2. A sentencing goal that involves retaliation against a criminal perpetrator is called: A. deterrence. B. incapacitation. C. rehabilitation. D. retribution.

D

21. Which of the following philosophies of punishment would be most likely to allow victim-impact statements? A. Rehabilitation B. Incapacitation C. Specific deterrence D. Restorative justice

D

22. Payments made by a criminal offender to his or her victim as compensation for the harm caused by the offense are called: A. bail. B. bonds .C. fines. D. restitution.

D

28. A sentence that specifies a given amount of time to be served in custody and allows little or no variation from the time specified is called a(n): A. indeterminate sentence. B. indefinite sentence. C. mandatory sentence. D. flat sentence.

D

35. The imposition of sentences required by statute for those convicted of a particular crime or a particular crime with special circumstances is called: A. voluntary sentencing. B. indeterminate sentencing. C. presumptive sentencing. D. mandatory minimum sentencing.

D

9. If you punish an individual seeking to change that person's behavior, it is called: A. general deterrence. B. incapacitation. C. specific deterrence. D. universal deterrence.

C

1. Punishment as vengeance is also called: A. revenge. B. incapacitation. C. rehabilitation. D. restitution.

A

15. The process of changing criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by "correcting" the behavior of offenders through treatment, education, and training is called: A. rehabilitation. B. incapacitation. C. specific deterrence. D. general deterrence.

A

26. Sentences served one after the other are called: A. consecutive sentences. B. concurrent sentences. C. repeat time. D. flat time.

A

11. The idea that actions are motivated primarily by a desire to experience pleasure and avoid pain is called: A. the happiness principle. B. the pleasure-pain principle. C. the satisfaction principle. D. profit motive.

B

13. The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce an offender's capability to commit future crimes is called: A. rehabilitation. B. incapacitation. C. specific deterrence. D. general deterrence.

B

16. According to Cullen and Gendreau, rehabilitation: A. works very well only with murderers. B. fails when it's ill-conceived and/or not implemented as designed. C. works well in treatment centers but not in prison. D. produces few real changes in offender attitudes.

B

17. The process of making the offender a productive member of the community again is called: A. retribution. B. reintegration. C. just deserts. D. incapacitation.

B

25. Sentences that are served together are called: A. consecutive sentences. B. concurrent sentences. C. flat sentences. D. unconstitutional sentences.

B

14. The study of the cost-effectiveness of various correctional programs and related reductions in the incidence of crime is called: A. justice economics. B. the "cost of justice". C. correctional econometrics. D. none of these.

C

18. Francis T. Cullen and Paul Gendreau have called for: A. a strong just deserts model. B. a strong deterrence model. C. a strong rehabilitation model. D. a strong retribution model.

C

19. The process of returning all those involved in or affected by crime, including victims, offenders, and society, to their previous condition is called: A. rehabilitation. B. incapacitation. C. restoration. D. universal deterrence.

C

20. Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the: A. offender's family. B. offender. C. victim. D. none of these.

C

23. Sentences that are required by law under certain circumstances are referred to as: A. indeterminate sentences. B. indefinite sentences. C. mandatory sentences. D. flat sentences.

C

30. A sentence of exactly five years in prison is an example of a(n): A. indeterminate sentence. B. mandatory sentence. C. flat sentence. D. presumptive sentence.

C

31. The number of days or months prison authorities deduct from a sentence for good behavior is called: A. free days. B. out days. C. good time. D. free time.

C

32. A sentence with a fixed term of incarceration which can be reduced by good time is called a(n): A. indeterminate sentence. B. mandatory sentence. C. determinate sentence. D. presumptive sentence.

C

33. A legislatively approved provision that mandates longer prison terms for specific criminal offenses committed under certain circumstances is called: A. presumptive sentencing. B. judicial sentencing. C. sentencing enhancement. D. sentence equality.

C

7. The concepts of retribution and just deserts are: A. future oriented. B. present oriented. C. past oriented. D. none of these.

C

5. Which of the following punishment philosophies considers criminal offenders to be morally blameworthy and deserving of punishment? A. Deterrence B. Incapacitation C. Rehabilitation D. Just deserts

D

39. Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the offender.

FALSE

50. The idea that actions are motivated primarily by a desire to experience pleasure and avoid pain is called general deterrence.

FALSE

A sentencing goal that involves retaliation against a criminal perpetrator is called rehabilitation.

FALSE

Punishment as vengeance is also called _____.

REVENGE

_____ really means "paying back" the offender for what he or she has done.

Retribution

48. If you punish an individual seeking to change that person's behavior, it is called specific deterrence.

TRUE

49. The use of individual punishment to dissuade others from committing crimes is called general deterrence.

TRUE

51. According to the text, for punishment to be effective as a deterrent, it must be swift, certain, and severe.

TRUE

52. The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce an offender's capability to commit future crimes is called incapacitation.

TRUE

Punishment as vengeance is also called revenge.

TRUE

Retribution literally means "paying back" the offender for what he or she has done.

TRUE

Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the _____.

VICTIM

A punishment philosophy that holds that criminal offenders are morally blameworthy and are therefore deserving of punishment is called _____.

just deserts

A sentencing goal that involves retaliation against a criminal perpetrator is called _____.

retribution

If I use the term "an eye for an eye," I am talking about _____.

retribution

10. The use of individual punishment to dissuade others from committing crimes is called: A. rehabilitation. B. incapacitation. C. retribution. D. general deterrence.

D

36. _____ is a law that allows a person's criminal history to be considered at sentencing or makes it possible for a person convicted of a given offense and previously convicted of another specified offense to receive a more severe penalty than that for the current offense alone. A. Fair Sentencing Clarification Act (FSCA) B. The Federal Fair Sentencing Act (FSA) C. Determinate sentencing law (DSL) D. Habitual offender statute

D

6. The concept of just deserts de-emphasizes the emotional component of revenge by claiming that criminal acts are _____ of punishment. A. considerate B. artifacts C. pre-cursors D. deserving

D

29. A sentence in which a judge specifies maximum and minimum durations (1-10 years) is called a(n): A. indeterminate sentence. B. mandatory sentence. C. flat sentence. D. presumptive sentence.

A

3. If I use the term "an eye for an eye," I am talking about: A. retribution. B. incapacitation. C. rehabilitation. D. deterrence.

A

8. The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called: A. deterrence. B. incapacitation. C. rehabilitation. D. just deserts.

A

24. A report prepared by the probation department that provides a social and personal history as well as an evaluation of the offender as an aid to the court in determining a sentence is called a: A. mandatory sentencing guideline. B. presentence report. C. judicial history. D. sentencing summary.

B

27. When a person is convicted of multiple offenses, a judge might impose a sentence of 10 years for one offense and 20 years for the other offense, and therefore the offender would serve 30 years. This type of sentencing is called: A. just deserts sentencing. B. consecutive sentencing. C. concurrent sentencing. D. real-time sentencing.

B

37. Which of the following is a difference between habitual offender laws of Washington and California? A. Washington law has two-strikes provision, while California law does not have the two-strike provision. B. In Washington law, all the three strikes must be for felonies listed in the legislation. In California law, only the first two strikes must be from the states list. C. In the Washington statute, there is a possibility of parole after the third strike. In the California statue, there is no possibility of parole after the third strike. D. In Washington law, drug offences do not belong the state's list of strikeable crimes. In California law, drug offences are also included.

B

4. As a result of the Federal Fair Sentencing Act (FSA), a first conviction for simple possession of any amount of crack cocaine is subject to a penalty range of _____ of imprisonment regardless of quantity. A. five to 10 years B. zero to one year C. one to five years D. two to three years

B

4. _____ means "paying back" the offender for what he or she has done. A. Deterrence B. Retribution C. Rehabilitation D. Incapacitation

B

The concept of just deserts de-emphasizes the _____ component of revenge.

EMOTIONAL

Andrew von Hirsch is famous for his belief in rehabilitation.

FALSE

Fines are paid to the victim, and restitution is usually paid to the government.

FALSE

If I use the term "an eye for an eye," I am talking about deterrence.

FALSE

The concepts of retribution and deserts are future-oriented.

FALSE

The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called just deserts.

FALSE

The philosophy of deterrence holds that the offenders are morally blameworthy.

FALSE

A sentence of exactly five years in prison is an example of a(n) _____.

FLAT TIME SENTENCE