Corrections Final :D
By the mid-1990s, new legislation allowed cities to detain juvenile offenders in an adult jail before a court appearance, but only for ...
12 hours
The American Correctional Association's Commission on Accreditation set the standard for the first training standards for preservice training at ...
120 hours
When did women begin to enter the corrections professions in significant numbers in the United States?
1970s
According to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes boot camps from other correctional programs?
A rigorous daily schedule of hard labor and physical training.
What is an example of a correct statement about community corrections acts (CCAs)?
CCAs decentralize authority and engage communities in the process of reintegrating offenders into society.
TRUE OR FALSE: A technical violation is a criminal act.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: At a revocation hearing, the defendant has limited rights and is not allowed to present evidence or witnesses.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Boot camps have proven effective in reducing recidivism and prison crowding.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Direct-supervision jails are also known as first-generation jails.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Drug courts are less cost-effective than incarceration.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Francis T. Cullen and Paul Gendreau have called for denouncing rehabilitation.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: In the United States, 35 percent of police officers are women, while only 13 percent of correctional officers are female.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Nolo contendere pleas are used by defendants who wish to contest conviction.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Some crimes classified as felonies in one part of the United States may be misdemeanors in another.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: The Fifth Amendment of the United States provides that "excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: The National Institute of Corrections says that evidence-based practice is defined according to immeasurable moral- or value-oriented standards or beliefs.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: The case of Williams v. Oklahoma dealt with the issue of probation revocation.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called just desserts.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: The notion of race is generally recognized as an objective biological fact and is not seen as a social construct.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: The process of criminal justice begins when a convicted criminal enters the correctional system.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Today, U.S. juries are imposing more death sentences than they did on average during the 1990s.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE: Women working in corrections in the United States tend to be concentrated in the higher ranks and are well represented in supervisory positions.
FALSE
What is a reason why probation is conditional?
It can be revoked if certain requirements are not fulfilled.
What is an example of correct statement about community corrections?
It redefines the population of offenders for whom incarceration is most appropriate.
What is a true statement about jails?
Jails confine persons found in contempt.
The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 was signed by ...
President George Bush
TRUE OR FALSE: A major benefit of remote-location monitoring is that it costs significantly less than incarceration.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, non-institutional corrections, which is sometimes called community corrections, includes "pardon, probation, and parole activities, correctional administration not directly connectable to institutions, and miscellaneous [activities] not directly related to institutional care."
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: All states except Hawaii and the District of Columbia require offenders to pay a fee for remote-location monitoring in order to reduce the burden on taxpayers and, in some cases, to actually make money from it.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: An argument against the death penalty is that the death penalty falls disproportionately on racial minorities.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Family Drug Court targets parental substance abuse in juvenile abuse, neglect, and dependency cases.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Fifty-three countries still retain capital punishment.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: In comparison with the aims of other types of courts, those of the drug court are much less punitive and more healing and restorative in nature.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Presentence reports assist courts in reaching fair sentencing decisions.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Retribution literally means "paying back" the offender for what he or she has done.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Revocation hearings usually begin with a violation report prepared by a probation officer.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: The Los Angeles County Jail and New York's Rikers Island are the two largest psychiatric inpatient facilities in the United States.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: The agencies that administer probation have steadily shifted the costs of probation to those accused and convicted of breaking the law.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: The attitude of a true professional is characterized by a spirit of public service and interest in the public good.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: The first jail in the United States was the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: The model entry test for correctional officers developed by the Professional Education Council of the American Correctional Association was intended to provide a standard criminal justice curriculum.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: The planning process for introducing day fines is unique for each jurisdiction, depending on its organizational structure, traditions, personalities, and legal culture.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Two important sources of information on crime for correctional professionals in the United States are the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics' National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS).
TRUE
In the United States, the largest adult probation populations are in ...
Texas & California
What is an example of a correct statements about drug courts?
The aims of drug courts are non-adversarial and more healing and restorative in nature than the aims of other types of courts.
What is an argument favoring the death penalty?
The death penalty exerts a positive moral influence by stigmatizing crimes of murder and manslaughter.
Community service is not viewed as an alternative to imprisonment in the United States, as it is in other countries, because ...
U.S. public officials generally do not consider any sanction other than imprisonment punitive enough.
What U.S. Supreme Court case held that unless disclosure is required by state law or court decisions, there is no denial of due process of law when a court considers a presentence report without disclosing its contents to the defendant or giving the defendant an opportunity to rebut it?
Williams vs. Oklahoma
What is the minimum required educational qualification for those seeking Certified Corrections Executive (CCE) certification?
a four-year college degree (or an equivalent)
The failure to comply with the conditions of probation is called ...
a technical violation
What is a formal process that highlights the quality of a correctional facility in an effort to ensure that it meets health, safety, and other correctional standards?
accreditation
The process by which a court arrives at a final decision in a case is called ...
adjudication
Residential reentry centers achieve community protection by ...
administering drug or polygraph tests for offenders.
The first and most important purpose of a presentence report (PSR) is to ...
assist the court in reaching a fair sentencing decision
A short institutional term of confinement that includes a physical regimen designed to develop self-discipline, respect for authority, responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment is called a(n) ...
boot camp
What is an example of a felony?
burglary
When a person is convicted of multiple offenses, a judge might impose a sentence of 10 years for one offense and 20 years for the other offense. This would require the offender to serve 30 years. This type of sentencing is called ...
consecutive sentencing
The attitude of a true professional is usually characterized by ...
continued self-appraisal and self-examination
The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called ...
deterrence
A third-generation jail is also called a(n) ...
direct-supervision jail
The National Probation Act of 1925 authorized ...
each federal district court to appoint one salaried probation officer with an annual income of $2,600
What has been implemented by states and the federal government in the United States in an effort to reduce prison populations over the past decade or two?
early release
The sentencing principle that similar crimes and similar criminals should be treated alike and sentences should be guided by established, regularly applied standards or guidelines is called ...
equity
The hallmark of contemporary corrections that is regarded as the gold standard by which correctional programs and services are evaluated today is ...
evidence-based corrections
A serious criminal offense that is punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison facility for more than a year is called a(n) ...
felony
A jail with multiple-occupancy cells or dormitories that line corridors arranged like spokes is called a(n) ...
first-generation jails
A sentence that specifies a given amount of time to be served in custody and allows little or no variation from the time specified is called a(n) ...
flat sentence
Intensive supervision probation (ISP) involves ...
frequent contact between an offender and his or her probation officer, strict enforcement of the conditions of release, & random drug and alcohol testing
The use of the example of individual punishment to dissuade others from committing crimes is called ...
general deterrence
Revocation is a serious matter because ...
imprisoning offenders who otherwise would have been placed on probation may force their families to go on welfare
The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce an offender's capability to commit future offenses is called ...
incapacitation
The sentencing principle that the unique circumstances and attributes of each case and each person entering the criminal justice system should inform the sentence and the rehabilitation programs, treatment, and services provided is called ...
individualization
A minor violation of a state statute or local ordinance punishable by a fine or other penalty, or by a specified, usually very short term of incarceration, is called a(n) ...
infraction
What is a locally operated correctional facility that confines people before or after conviction called?
jail
What is a difference between jails and prisons?
jails are designed for short-term confinement, whereas prisons are designed for long-term confinement.
The literature on jail homicides reveals that those most likely to be victims of jail homicides in the United States are ...
kidnapping offenders
In the United States, the primary method of execution throughout the state/federal government is ...
lethal injection
An unsecured bond allows a person to get out of jail pretrial by ...
making the person liable for a fee if he or she misses the court hearing.
The Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University School of Law estimates the fiscal costs of corrections at ...
more than $80 billion annually
A prosecutor's choice to drop charges after filing them is called ...
nolle prosequi
Probation is premised upon the belief that ...
offenders have rights deserving of protection
The components of the criminal justice system are:
police, courts, & corrections
What is the most frequently used form of criminal punishment?
probation
Who is an example of a correctional client?
probationer
The maximum number of beds allocated to each jail facility by a state or local rating official is known as ...
rated capacity
The transition offenders make from prison or jail to the community is known as ...
reentry
For a punishment to be effective as a deterrent, it must be ...
relatively certain, swiftly applied, & sufficiently severe
A due process hearing that must be conducted to determine whether the conditions of probation have been violated is called a(n) ...
revocation hearing
What is an example of a misdemeanor?
simple assault
What is one of the four core traits identified by Mark S. Fleisher of Illinois State University as being essential to effective work in corrections?
strong writing skill
In the context of the elements of probation supervision, monitoring the activities of probationers through office meetings/home/work visits, drug and alcohol testing, and contact with family/friends/employers is an example of ...
surveillance
When a judge delays a defendant's serving of a sentence after the defendant has been convicted or found guilty in order to allow the defendant to perform a period of community supervision, it is referred to as a ...
suspended sentence
The correctional population in the United States increased dramatically between 1980 and 2014 in the face of declining crime rates because:
the nation's War on Drugs led to the arrest and conviction of many offenders, resulting in larger correctional populations in nearly every jurisdiction.
The U.S. National Institute of Corrections released a report to help jail and prison administrators more effectively manage the women in their care. In this context, understanding how women enter the criminal justice system in order to help jails improve their responses to women offenders is a major component of ...
the pathways perspective
A feature of day reporting centers (DRCs) is ...
they offer educational courses, employment training, and referrals for additional services for offenders.
The first step in the process of setting a day fine for an offender is ...
to determine the number of fine units to be imposed.
Probation is fair and appropriate sentencing for offenders ...
whose crimes do not merit incarceration
