Counseling Skills Test 4

b. when it is general rather than specific

According to the authors, feedback is least effective: a. when it deals with one or two things at a time. b. when it is general rather than specific. c. when it is a check to ensure clear communication. d. when it is asked for by the recipient.

a. grouping microskills concepts into meaningful groups.

Chunking is best described as: a. grouping microskills concepts into meaningful groups. b. putting together two theories into a unified whole. c. finding your own way to integrate skill concepts. d. mixing and matching different skills to produce different theories.

d. action

In career decisional counseling, we may lay out homework for the following week. This is representative of which stage of the interview? a. relationship b. story and strengths c. restory d. action

b. may not

It is urgent that you remain aware that your client ________ prefer the skills, strategies, and theories that you favor. a. will always b. may not c. should d. must

c. brief solution focused counseling

A major assumption in ________ is that clients have their own solutions readily available if we help them examine themselves and their goals. a. person-centered theory b. cognitive behavioral theory c. brief solution focused counseling d. psychoanalysis

c. mutual goal setting

Brief Solution-Oriented Counseling applications spend the most time in ________ stage of the interview. a. rapport and structuring b. gathering data c. mutual goal setting d. exploring alternatives e. terminating

a. leads us to develop strengths whereby we can deal with stressors more effectively in the future.

Building on wellness and positive emotions, according to Damasio: a. leads us to develop strengths whereby we can deal with stressors more effectively in the future. b. is the best way to build a defensive structure in our neural connections. c. is not enough. We need to add effective counseling and therapy for our clients. d. is hoping for too much!

c. examining alternative methods and theories and organizing them in a meaningful fashion, useful to you and others.

Developing a personal style of helping means: a. reaching the active mastery level with the microskills and five-stage structure. b. doing your own thing. c. examining alternative methods and theories and organizing them in a meaningful fashion, useful to you and others. d. self-assessment and identifying what, in the helping field, is most meaningful to you.

d. when it is general rather than specific.

Feedback is least effective: a. as a check to ensure clear communication. b. when it deals with more than two things at a time. c. when it is asked for by the recipient. d. when it is general rather than specific.

d. all of these choices

How can we help clients work through issues and come up with answers? a. decisional counseling b. problem-solving counseling c. balance sheet and future diary d. all of these choices e. none of these choices

c. they will often find their own "how" or way to achieve their objectives.

If you help your clients find a "why" through exploration of meaning: a. the "how" will often be discovered by the following session. b. finding the "how" is automatic. c. they will often find their own "how" or way to achieve their objectives. d. they will be open to the "how" directed by the interviewer.

d. in a broader multicultural context.

Individuals do not make meaning by themselves; they make meaning: a. with the aid of a skilled counselor or interviewer. b. in spite of their multitude of problems and issues. c. with the aid of their significant other. d. in a broader multicultural context.

d. all of these choices.

Interpretation/reframing and reflection of meaning: a. are both a skill and a strategy. b. seek implicit issues and meanings below the surface of conversation. c. are designed to help clients examine themselves from a new perspective. d. all of these choices.

a. often is found at the more implicit level in client conversation.

Meaning: a. often is found at the more implicit level in client conversation. b. often is found at the more explicit level in client conversation. c. is the most important counseling skill. d. is favored by cognitive-behavioral therapists as it gets at deeper issues. e. is irrelevant to cognitive-behavioral therapists.

e. terminating

Motivational Interviewing applications spend the most time in ________ stage of the interview. a. rapport and structuring b. gathering data c. mutual goal setting d. exploring alternatives e. terminating

b. information, psychoeducation.

Offering specific information to the client on how to resolve issues and providing useful suggestions for personal change is the skill of: a. logical consequence. b. information, psychoeducation. c. interviewer directives. d. none of these choices.

b. gathering data

Person-Centered Theory applications spend the most time in ________ stage of the interview. a. rapport and structuring b. gathering data c. mutual goal setting d. exploring alternatives e. terminating

b. concrete

Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Choose which emotional style is best supported by the given question. Can you tell me a story that relates to your goals/vision/mission? a. sensorimotor b. concrete c. formal d. dialectic/systemic

c. define the problem, generate alternatives, choose to act on one alternative.

The simplest problem-solving model is: a. consider skills and interests, consider consequences, consider feelings and emotions. b. examine emotional impacts, choose simple strategies, detail future consequences. c. define the problem, generate alternatives, choose to act on one alternative. d. self reflection, self-examination, decisional choices.

a. open questions, closed questions, and focusing

he Moderate Triad on the interpersonal influence continuum refers to: a. open questions, closed questions, and focusing. b. encouraging, paraphrasing, summarizing. c. reflection of feelings, meanings, and key words. d. information, psychoeducation, advice, and directives.

c. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

________ consider(s) basic confrontation between the present behavior and the goal behavior in Stage 4, Restory. a. Motivational Interviewing b. Person-Centered Counseling c. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy d. Brief Counseling

a. Decisional Counseling

________ gives the most attention to Stage 5, Action. a. Decisional Counseling b. Person-Centered Counseling c. Brief Counseling d. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

d. Viktor Frankl

________ is the founder of Logotherapy. a. Sigmund Freud b. Carl Rogers c. Albert Ellis d. Viktor Frankl

d. Brief Counseling

________ uses more questions to facilitate the goal setting process in Stage 3, Goals. a. Decisional Counseling b. Person-Centered Counseling c. Assertiveness Training d. Brief Counseling

c. Assertiveness Training

All theoretical approaches give special attention to developing rapport and building a supportive alliance in a natural style. ________ is most likely to point out that specific observable behaviors are the session focus. a. Decisional Counseling b. Person-Centered Counseling c. Assertiveness Training d. Solution-Oriented Counseling e. Motivational Interviewing

d. logical consequences

Anticipation of rewards or punishment is most closely associated with which one of the following influencing strategies? a. directive b. feedback c. self-disclosure d. logical consequences

d. Motivational Interviewing

As each theoretical approach terminates the session, ________ is MOST likely to complete a change plan worksheet and obtain client commitment. a. Decisional Counseling b. Person-Centered Counseling c. Solution-Oriented Counseling d. Motivational Interviewing

e. Motivational Interviewing

As each theoretical approach terminates the session, ________ is most likely to complete a change plan worksheet and obtain client commitment. a. Decisional Counseling b. Person-Centered Counseling c. Assertiveness Training d. Solution-Oriented Counseling e. Motivational Interviewing

d. decide on which theory you will focus solely.

Developing your own personal approach to interviewing and counseling involves a multiplicity of factors. These include all of the following choices except: a. reflect on your values, meanings, and skills. b. determine your strengths and development needs. c. determine your goals. d. decide on which theory you will focus solely.

d. all of these choices.

Discernment: a. is a value clarification process in which the client seeks to find meaning in life. b. is "sifting through" our interior and exterior experiences to determine their origin. c. describes what helping professionals do when they work with clients at deeper levels of meaning. d. all of these choices. e. none of these choices.

d. Solution-Oriented Counseling

Each theoretical approach seeks to help the client find her/his own goals. ________ is most likely to use more questions to facilitate the process. a. Decisional Counseling b. Person-Centered Counseling c. Assertiveness Training d. Solution-Oriented Counseling e. Motivational Interviewing

b. a combination of cognitive decisions with emotional satisfaction.

Effective decisions can be reached through: a. cognitive processes located primarily in the executive left brain. b. a combination of cognitive decisions with emotional satisfaction. c. left and right brain coordination. d. the hippocampus energized by the amygdala.

b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Interpretation/reframing is useful in understanding what is going on in the client's mind and/or linking the client to how the environment affects thinking and behavior in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Theory b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Person-Centered Theory

c. Sounds like your fear of rejection led you to seek rejection from your wife.

Interviewer interpretation may provide the client with a new frame of reference. Which of the following is most likely an interpretation? a. You're upset and troubled. b. Sounds like you want some help right now. c. Sounds like your fear of rejection led you to seek rejection from your wife. d. None of these are correct.

d. all of these choices.

Interviewer self-disclosure can generate client talk and create additional trust, but caution must be observed because: a. clients' rights may be abused if self-disclosure is used too early. b. counseling and interviewing can operate successfully without self-disclosure. c. not everyone agrees that self-disclosure is a wise skill to include among counselor techniques. d. all of these choices. e. none of these choices.

b. actually changing client behavior.

Motivational interviewing is concerned with: a. helping the client feel better about him/herself. b. actually changing client behavior. c. encouraging the client skill of motivating others. d. all of these choices.

a. sensorimotor

Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Choose which emotional style is best supported by the given question. Get in touch with your body. What is your gut feeling? What are your instincts? a. sensorimotor b. concrete c. formal d. dialectic/systemic

d. dialectic/systemic

Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Choose which emotional style is best supported by the given question. How have various significant others related to your experiences? a. sensorimotor b. concrete c. formal d. dialectic/systemic

d. clients have their own solutions if they are aided in examining themselves and their goals

Solution-oriented interviewing and counseling (SOIC) assumes: a. person-centered theory gives too little attention to action. b. assertiveness training is too behavioral and specific. c. motivational interviewing is helpful, but doesn't follow through with action. d. clients have their own solutions if they are aided in examining themselves and their goals

d. meanings.

Spiritual issues in interviewing, counseling, and therapy are often rooted in: a. thoughts. b. feelings. c. behaviors. d. meanings.

d. all of these

Stress management training is an important cognitive behavioral strategy and could be helpful with: a. college students coping with study related demands. b. diverse individuals affected by microaggressions. c. people living in poverty dealing with daily hassles. d. all of these.

b. Attend to the client in order to understand, use the influencing skill, check-out the consequences of your intervention

The "1-2-3" pattern of using influencing skills is best described by which of the following? a. Ask the client, behave in an intentional way, be congruent in your actions. b. Attend to the client in order to understand, use the influencing skill, check-out the consequences of your intervention. c. Understand the antecedent, check the resultant behavior, and influence. d. Ask questions to obtain data, reflect feelings to understand, and check-out the accuracy of your skill usage.

...

The Moderate Triad on the interpersonal influence continuum refers to: a. open questions, closed questions, and focusing. b. encouraging, paraphrasing, summarizing. c. reflection of feelings, meanings, and key words. d. information, advice, and directives.

b. attending and client observation.

The Moderate Triad skills are nearly as important for helping professionals as: a. identifying and confronting discrepancies in client talk. b. attending and client observation. c. advising and directing client through difficult issues. d. establishing rapport and outlining helping sessions.

e. All of these

The basic listening sequence (BLS) is a key counselor action in Story and Strengths, Stage 2 of the five-stage interview structure, in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Counseling b. Person-Centered Counseling c. Cognitive Behavioral Training d. Brief Counseling e. All of these

b. Person-Centered Counseling

The basic listening sequence (BLS) is central to all theoretical approaches. ________ is most likely to maintain constant emphasis on positive regard and client strengths. a. Decisional Counseling b. Person-Centered Counseling c. Assertiveness Training d. Solution-Oriented Counseling e. Motivational Interviewing

d. meanings.

The central aspect of integrative approaches such as developmental counseling is: a. thoughts. b. feelings. c. behaviors. d. meanings.

c. Alisia, perhaps you should relate this issue to your parents. Does that relate to you at all?

The client asks of the interviewer, "What do you think I should do about my parents?" Of the following statements, which one is the most appropriate interviewer response? a. Alisia, you must tell your parents about this issue as soon as possible. b. Let me tell you of a similar issue I had with my parents. c. Alisia, perhaps you should relate this issue to your parents. Does that relate to you at all? d. Let's include your parents in the next session to discuss this issue.

b. story and strengths

The effective helping professional plans each interview with a client. In which stage of the interview you are likely to emphasize behavior, thoughts, feelings, meanings? a. relationship b. story and strengths c. goals d. restory e. action

d. exploring alternatives

The effective helping professional plans each interview with a client. Which stage of the interview is most likely indicated by the given planning question. Can we begin by summarizing the client's positive strengths and wellness assets? a. rapport and structuring b. gathering data c. mutual goal setting d. exploring alternatives e. terminating

a. rapport and structuring

The effective helping professional plans each interview with a client. Which stage of the interview is most likely indicated by the given planning question. Could there be a common bond between you and your client? a. rapport and structuring b. gathering data c. mutual goal setting d. exploring alternatives e. terminating

c. mutual goal setting

The effective helping professional plans each interview with a client. Which stage of the interview is most likely indicated by the given planning question. How will you define the ideal outcome? a. rapport and structuring b. gathering data c. mutual goal setting d. exploring alternatives e. terminating

e. terminating

The effective helping professional plans each interview with a client. Which stage of the interview is most likely indicated by the given planning question. What specific plans will you generate? a. rapport and structuring b. gathering data c. mutual goal setting d. exploring alternatives e. terminating

b. gathering data

The effective helping professional plans each interview with a client. Which stage of the interview is most likely indicated by the given planning question. Will you emphasize behavior, thoughts, feelings, meanings? a. rapport and structuring b. gathering data c. mutual goal setting d. exploring alternatives e. terminating

c. Benjamin Franklin's original decisional model; trait-and-factor theory

The five stages of the client interview and all problem-solving systems are based on both ________ and ________. a. Frank Parsons' original decisional model; trait-and-factor theory b. trait-and-factor theory; the "1-2-3" influencing model c. Benjamin Franklin's original decisional model; trait-and-factor theory d. the "1-2-3" influencing model; Benjamin Franklin's original decisional model

d. all of these.

The five-stage interview structure may best be used with: a. person-centered theory. b. decisional career counseling. c. brief interviewing and counseling. d. all of these.

d. all of these.

The five-stage/dimension interviewing structure is best described as: a. a model for stress management therapy. b. a framework for integrating many different types of theories. c. a useful way to make decisions. d. all of these.

c. interpretation, logical consequences, self-disclosure, feedback, advice/opinion, directive.

The influencing strategies oriented to helping clients find new ways of thinking, feeling, being, and finding new meaning in their lives are: a. information, advice, opinion, instruction, suggestion, directive. b. intelligence, disclosure, feedback, observation, listening, interpretation. c. interpretation, logical consequences, self-disclosure, feedback, advice/opinion, directive. d. instruction, logical consequences, observation, self-disclosure, listening, feedback.

c. interpretation, logical consequences, self-disclosure, feedback, psychoeducation/information, directives.

The influencing strategies oriented to helping clients find new ways of thinking, feeling, being, and finding new meaning in their lives are: a. information, psychoeducation, advice, opinion, instruction, suggestion, directive. b. intelligence, disclosure, feedback, observation, listening, interpretation. c. interpretation, logical consequences, self-disclosure, feedback, psychoeducation/information, directives. d. information, psychoeducation, logical consequences, observation, self-disclosure, listening, feedback.

c. define the problem, generate alternatives, choose to act on one alternative.

The simplest problem-solving model is: a. consider skills and interests, consider consequences, consider feelings and emotions. b. examine emotional impacts, choose simple strategies, detail future consequences. c. define the problem, generate alternatives, choose to act on one alternative. d. self reflection, self-examination, decisional choices.

d. involve your client; use appropriate vocal tone and body language; be clear and concrete; and check for understanding

The text describes four steps used to give a client directive: a. involve your client; be clear and concrete; check for understanding; document results. b. choose your directive; be clear and concrete; use appropriate vocal tone; document results. c. choose your directive; be clear and assertive; use appropriate body language; check for understanding. d. involve your client; use appropriate vocal tone and body language; be clear and concrete; and check for understanding

d. involve your client; use appropriate vocal tone and body language; be clear and concrete; and check for understanding

The text describes the following four steps used to give a client directive: a. involve your client; be clear and concrete; check for understanding; document results. b. choose your directive; be clear and concrete; use appropriate vocal tone; document results. c. choose your directive; be clear and assertive; use appropriate body language; check for understanding. d. involve your client; use appropriate vocal tone and body language; be clear and concrete; and check for understanding.

c. personal authenticity; needs and styles of the client

There are two major factors to consider as you integrate the many available theories and identify your own personal style. They are ________ and the ________. a. skill development; study of theory application b. personal aptitude; practice of the microskills c. personal authenticity; needs and styles of the client d. interviewer education; genuineness of the client

c. Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues.

What, if any, is the difference between interpretation and reframe? a. There is no discernable difference. b. Both focus on providing a new way of thinking for the client. c. Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues. d. Interpretation is new ways of thinking provided by the client; reframe is a new frame of reference provided by the interviewer.

d. any change in one dimension affects other dimensions.

When considering thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and meanings: a. these dimensions operate independently, and the counselor must clarify each one. b. thoughts and meanings are the most important dimensions. c. behaviors and feelings are the most important dimensions. d. any change in one dimension affects other dimensions.

a. confronting incongruity, identifying alternatives

When we suggest alternatives for action in assertiveness training, we are most likely in which stage of the interview? a. confronting incongruity, identifying alternatives b. gathering data c. mutual goal setting d. rapport and structuring

d. The frank disclosure of differences helps establish rapport and may be essential to building a trust relationship.

When you are multiculturally different from your client, which of the following is true regarding appropriate self-disclosure? a. Multicultural differences are fairly obvious and can be disclosed spontaneously. b. Frequent practice of the microskills and experience will make self-disclosure a natural part of your interviewing style. c. Self-disclosure must include every aspect of your experience that the client needs to hear. d. The frank disclosure of differences helps establish rapport and may be essential to building a trust relationship.

a. sense, purpose, vision

Which key words are MOST closely associated with probing for meaning? a. sense, purpose, vision b. emotion, affect, feelings c. do, doing, acting d. all of these

a. values, beliefs, unconscious motivators

Which key words are most closely associated with probing for meaning? a. values, beliefs, unconscious motivators b. emotion, affect, feelings c. do, doing, acting d. all of these choices. e. none of these choices

d. teaching competence

Which level of competence is being illustrated by the following? You are able to conduct a beginners workshop teaching listening skills. a. identification and classification competence b. basic competence c. intentional competence d. teaching competence

c. intentional competence

Which level of competence is being illustrated by the following? Your clients consistently talk in more depth when you use reflection of feeling. a. identification competence b. basic competence c. intentional competence d. teaching competence

b. basic competence

Which level of competence is being illustrated? During role-play, you engage in an assertiveness interview. a. identification competence b. basic competence c. intentional competence d. teaching mastery

d. teaching mastery

Which level of competence is being illustrated? You are able to instruct the client in attending behavior during the interview. a. identification competence b. basic competence c. intentional competence d. teaching mastery

b. Integrate; generalize

Which of the following BEST describes the goal of this chapter? ________ the microskills into a well-formed interview and ________ the skills to situations beyond the training session or classroom. a. Include; apply b. Integrate; generalize c. Mix; address d. Maneuver; develop

d. All of these choices.

Which of the following behaviors best describes the client who "hyperreflects?" a. Thinks about things too much. b. Focuses on the negative meaning of life experiences. c. Overeats, drinks to excess, or wallows in depression. d. All of these choices. e. None of these choices.

a. Could you give me a specific example?

Which of the following is NOT a question primarily oriented to meaning? a. Could you give me a specific example? b. What sense do you make of it? c. What values underlie your actions? d. Why is that important to you?

d. All of these.

Which of the following is a good reason to consider referral for a client? a. No interviewer has all the answers. b. You refer your client to welfare and child services for additional help. c. The client/interviewer relationship is just not working as well as it should. d. All of these.

b. The client is competent and ultimately self-actualizing.

Which statement best describes person-centered counseling? a. The client is the single focus, excluding all other factors. b. The client is competent and ultimately self-actualizing. c. The client is not competent and ultimately self-actualizing. d. The client's concerns must be detailed and resolved

a. paraphrase

Which of the following is most closely associated with thoughts? a. paraphrase b. summarization c. reflection of feeling d. reflection of meaning

d. goal-action-solution progression

Which of the following is not one of the four major approaches to counseling considered in this text? a. solution-oriented interviewing b. person-centered counseling c. assertiveness training d. goal-action-solution progression e. motivational interviewing

a. logical consequences

Which of the following provides the client with data on both positive and negative consequences of an intended action? a. logical consequences b. directive c. feedback d. information/psychoeducation

c. Counselors provide clients with a summary of positive and negative consequences in a nonjudgmental manner

Which of the following statements is true of logical consequences? a. As clients move toward decisions, encourage them to always think positively. b. It is the counselor's responsibility to direct the client when he/she is considering a bad decision. c. Counselors provide clients with a summary of positive and negative consequences in a nonjudgmental manner. d. Effective counselors always encourage clients to attempt new tasks in anticipation of rewards.

b. Review positive and negative consequences

Which one of the following is NOT a component of Frank Parsons' 1908 trait-and-factor theory originated to help clients make vocational decisions? a. Consider personal traits, abilities, skills, and interests. b. Review positive and negative consequences. c. Examine the environmental factors. d. Develop "true reasoning" on the relationship of these groups of facts.

d. Counselors and interviewers will be certified to open their own practice.

Which one of the following is NOT a predicted result of skill integration? a. Developing counselors will integrate skills as part of their natural style. b. Choices of application will vary among interviewers. c. Interviewers will flex when their actions are ineffective. d. Counselors and interviewers will be certified to open their own practice. e. Counselors will learn what to expect as a result of their efforts.

d. All of these.

Which one of the following is a good strategy for determining your personal style and theory? a. As you work with clients, identify, add to, and think through your natural approach to interviewing and counseling. b. Examine your own preferred skill usage and what you do in the session. c. From interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy, integrate learning from theory and practice into your own skill set. d. All of these.

d. All of these.

Which one of the following is an appropriate reason for an interviewer to take notes? a. Structured notes will help you evaluate your own interviewing skills. b. Good notes facilitate planning for your next client contact. c. Keeping notes can keep you from forgetting what happened in the last session. d. All of these.

d. All of these choices.

Which one of the following is an element of appropriate interviewer self-disclosure? a. Related past personal life experience of the interviewer. b. Interviewer observations, opinions, or feelings toward the client. c. Begins with an "I" statement. d. All of these choices.

b. The client is competent and ultimately self-actualizing.

Which statement best describes person-centered counseling? a. The client is the single focus, excluding all other factors. b. The client is competent and ultimately self-actualizing. c. The client is not competent and ultimately self-actualizing. d. The client's concerns must be detailed and resolved.

a. Decisional Counseling

While each theoretical approach confronts incongruities, ________ is most likely to consider the basic confrontation as between the present decisional problem and the goal. a. Decisional Counseling b. Person-Centered Counseling c. Assertiveness Training d. Solution-Oriented Counseling e. Motivational Interviewing

a. identification and classification

You are able to watch an expert therapist in a film and list the skills and concepts he or she is using. You demonstrate ________ competence. a. identification and classification b. basic c. intentional d. teaching

b. changes observed using the Client Change Scale

You can evaluate the effectiveness of an interview by: a. the mood of the client as he or she leaves the session. b. changes observed using the Client Change Scale. c. the feeling of satisfaction you experience at the close of the session. d. how well you followed your interview treatment plan.