CPR, AED, & Basic First Aid Knowledge Checks

In the United States, calling the national Poison Helpline automatically transfers you to a regional poison control center. Poison control centers can quickly provide information regarding the immediate treatment to exposure of any substance. What is the number to call? pg 79

1-800-222-1222

What are the 3 measures of high-quality chest compressions for an adult? pg 13

1. Compress deeply, more than 2 inches 2. Compress fast, between 100 to 120 beats per minute 3. Allow the chest to recoil

The chain of survival is often used to describe the best approach for treating sudden cardiac arrest. The first three links of the chain are typically the responsibility of a trained CPR provider. Describe those links. pg 12

1. Early recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of EMS 2. Immediate CPR w/ high-quality chest compressions 3. Rapid defibrillation w/ an AED

You have been asked to respond to a meeting room with an AED. As you enter the room, you can see another CPR provider performing chest compressions on a man who is lying on the floor. You kneel next to the man and lay the AED next to his head. What are the 4 basic steps you will take to use the AED on him? pg 22

1. Turn on the AED 2. Apply the pads to the bare chest 3. Analyze the heart rhythm 4. Deliver a shock if directed to by the AED

You collecting water samples in a tide pool with a coworker when she reaches her hand into the pool and is stung by a jellyfish. What are two treatment techniques will help to prevent and relieve pain at the sting site? pg 89

1. Wash the sting site liberally with household vinegar as soon as possible for at least 30 seconds to deactivate the venom and prevent further stinging. 2. To help reduce pain, shower or immerse the sting site with hot water for at least 20 minutes or until the pain subsides.

Another carpenter with whom you work has accidentally driven a farming nail into his hand with a nail gun. The nail is embedded deeply and extends out the other side of his hand. As a first aid trainer provider, you begin to provide care. You elect to leave the impaled nail in place. What are the two main reasons you make the decision? pg 58

1. may have damaged a large vessel, it can act as a plug 2. movement of the object can cause further damage

A visitor has tripped on a short staircase at the government building where you work. As a train first a provider, you have been asked to respond. You find him seated on a bench near the stairs with another employee talking to him. A quick primary assessment shows there are no immediate life-threats. He describes tripping on a step and falling down onto his hands and knees. What are the two techniques you will use to gather more information? pg 46

A head to toe physical assessment using the DOTS mnemonic as a guide and questioning him using the SAMPLE mnemonic as a guide.

You respond as a trained first aid provider to a sales clerk in the store where you work. You find the 25-year-old woman curled up on a couch in the break room, complaining of severe stabbing pain in her abdomen. As you provide care, what considerations should you take about positioning her to help relieve the pain? pg 80

A person complaining of severe abdominal pain will typically find a position of comfort, often with the knees raised, to relieve the pain. Help the person to maintain this position.

You are volunteering as a first aid provider at your city's annual 10k run. Most runners have finished but a few are still trickling in. You see in the distance a runner being helped to walk, when he suddenly falls to his knees. You grab your first aid bag and run out to see if you can help. Your primary assessment shows he is very confused. His skin is sweat, but surprisingly hot to your touch. What should you do for him? pg 82

Activate EMS immediately. The most important action a first aid provider can take is to begin immediate cooling with the resources available. When possible, the best method for cooling is to immerse the person up to the chin in cold water.

You have responded to a store customer who collapsed. Your primary assessment indicated she was in cardiac arrest and you have started CPR. Another employee has gone to activate EMS and get an AED. Describe the basic details for performing CPR and using an AED in this situation. pg 30

Begin CPR with compressions. Perform ongoing cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths. Take no longer than 10 seconds to give the 2 rescue breaths. Stop CPR when the AED is attached and ready to analyze.

You have responded as a first aid provider to a coworker who is having difficulty breathing. You suspect an underlying medical condition is the cause and the person does not have his prescribed inhaler. While waiting for EMS to arrive, you see his condition has gotten much worse. He looks exhausted. What is your greatest concern at this point and how have you prepared to deal with it? pg 75

Breathing difficulty can quickly become life-threatening as a person becomes exhausted from the breathing effort. Be prepared to provide CPR and attach an AED if breathing stops.

As a trained first aid provider, you respond to a situation in which CPR is already being performed for an employee who has collapsed. An AED is coming but yet arrived. The CPR provider looks exhausted. How would you smoothly integrate yourself to take over doing the CPR? pg 34

Communicate about the switch ahead of time. Coordinate your actions to switch smoothly and minimize interruption time. Prior to the arrival of an AED, switch at the end of a CPR cycle, while the person who is going to move out is giving rescue breaths.

A nearby coworker using a torch to free up a stuck bolt accidentally ignites his shirt sleeve on fire. As a trained first aid provider, you quickly out out the flames by throwing a nearby coat over his arm. When you remove the coat, you can see that his arm has been burned badly. What is your next step to remove heat from the burned area and prevent additional damage? pg 68

Cool a burn with cool or cold water as quickly as possible and for at least 10 minutes.

Your fellow cook at a restaurant is doing prep work when she slips while trimming a large piece of meat. She accidentally draws a sharp knife blade across the abdomen, cutting through the abdominal wall. As a trained first aid provider, you cut away her shirt to expose and inspect the wound. It is not bleeding very much but you see abdominal organs protruding through the open wound. Knowing these are functioning organs, how are you going to protect them from further injury? pg 59

Cover any protruding organs with a thick, moist dressing. DO NOT push the organs back inside the body.

At the elementary school where you teach, one of your students tells you that another child fell off the play structure at recess. Concerned, you approach the child who fell and ask her what happened. She told you she hurt her belly on one of the bars when she fell and that it hurt a lot at first but that it feels better now. pg 56

Early signs of shock can be difficult to detect. A person may simply begin to appear uneasy, restless, or worried. Other, more serious signs can emerge gradually. The person may become confused. The skin may become pale, cool, and sweaty.

True or false? Your caring for a coworker has been injured and is bleeding heavily. Because she is a close friend, it is not important to use personal protective equipment to protect yourself from possible exposure to an infectious disease. pg 4

False

True or false? It is recommended that first aid providers seal an open chest wound with an airtight dressing. pg 58

False can result in an increasing pressure within the chest which could quickly become life-threatening

You are trying to wrap up some repairs at an outside job site with another electrician. It has been a miserable rainy day and the temperature is going down late in the day. Your partner did not prepare as well as you did for the cold, rainy conditions and his light cotton clothes have been completely soaked through. You look up at him from a repair you have been concentrating on. It looks like he is having trouble grasping his pliers and is visibly shivering. You ask him if he is okay and he has trouble responding to you. What do you suspect may be occurring? pg 84

Hypothermia, a generalized cooling of the body

You are stacking shelves in the home goods area of the store where you work when you hear a loud crash and the sound of glass shattering. As a train first a provider, you cautiously move to see what happened. Be frightened-looking customer is sitting on the floor next to a display that has collapsed. She is surrounded by broken glass. You carefully get to her and let her know you are trained and can help. She appears aware of what happened and is breathing normally. You scan the floor around her and see a growing pool of blood behind her. The back of her blouse is soaked with blood. What do you do next? pg 43

If serious bleeding is found during a primary assessment, control it immediately. Do not continue the assessment.

You and your coworker are loading boxes into a truck on a busy street when a bicyclist, riding on the sidewalk, collides with your coworker. The bicyclist rides away, apparently uninjured, but the man who was struck is still holding his abdomen and groaning. You have been trained as a first aid provider and think you can help, but you hesitate because you are unsure about your ability to help. What should you do? pg 3

If the scene is safe, you should still approach & offer to help your coworker.

Often with altered mental status, a person may develop a severely diminished level of responsiveness. What can you do to help that person to protect and maintain an open airway? pg 73

If uninjured, place the person in a recovery position.

You return from your lunch break to your work area and discover a coworker who appears to have collapsed and does not respond to your voice or touch. You immediately begin to help. What legal concept related to providing first aid care applies in this situation? pg 7

Implied consent

One of your coworkers was hit in the led with a wide load on a forklift. As a responding first aid provider, you carefully cut her pant led open to expose the injury site and find the lower leg is lying at an unnatural angle and the tissue color of the leg and foot below the injury is a grayish blue. What do you do? pg 64

It is best to not straighten an injured limb that is unnaturally angled. Leave the limb in the position found. If a limb becomes blue or extremely pale, circulation may be compromised by the injury. Activate EMS if this occurs.

You are working with another contractor in an old storage shed when he reacts to a sudden burning sensation on his leg. Due to the dim light, you can not see anything. When you get outside, there is a small red mark that itches but does not worry him. If he was bitten by a poisonous spider, what may happen? pg 87

Over time, cramping pain and muscular rigidity in the body may occur. A person may experience fever, weakness, nausea and vomiting, or difficultly breathing.

A fellow employee collapses near you during a staff meeting. As the train first aid provider, you move to help. You kneel next to him, squeeze his shoulder, and loudly ask, " are you all right? "He is unresponsive, so you direct other employees to activate EMS and get the company's AED. You look closely at the face and chest for breathing; he makes a brief gasping snort, but then remain still. What do you do next? pg 26

Perform CPR immediately, starting with compressions. Irregular gasping, snorting, or gurgling sounds do not provide oxygen and do not indicate normal breathing.

You and a coworker are doing landscape maintenance when he shouts and scrambles out from behind some bushes. He says he was bitten by a snake and shows you his calf, which appears to have has a double fang mark on it. What type of snake do you suspect was involved? pg 87

Pit vipers: venomous cottonmouths, copperheads, and rattle

What is the standard method for controlling external bleeding? pg 49

Pressure applied directly to a bleeding site until bleeding stops is the standard method for controlling external bleeding. If direct pressure is unable to control bleeding on a limb, use a tourniquet.

What is the main concern related to bites from animals like raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes? pg 90

Rabies

You and a coworker are outdoors at lunch when she suddenly shouts that something stung her. You look at her forearm and see a stinger that is still embedded in her skin. What should you do? pg 85

Remove the stinger as quickly as possible It may still be injecting venom into her body.

You were in the company cafeteria eating lunch with a coworker. He is laughing at something you said when he suddenly stops, grasps his throat with his hands, and stands up quickly. He clearly looks distressed, so you stand up next to him and asked, "are you choking? "He is unable to answer you and completely silent. You decide to perform abdominal thrusts. Describe how to perform them. pg 38

Stand behind him. Reach around and locate his navel with your finger. Make a fist with your other hand and place the thumb side against the abdomen, just above your finger and below his ribs. Grasp your fist with the other hand and give a quick inward and upward thrust to expel the obstruction. Repeat thrusts until he can breathe normally.

What is the biggest concern with a tick bite? pg 88

The exposure and transmission of infectious disease, most notably Lyme disease.

You are driving along your delivery route when you witness one car hitting another car at a high rate of speed. Trained as a first aid provider, you stop to help. The scene is secured and the driver of the car you have gone to help has no immediate life threats that you can assess. However, she is not wearing a seat belt and it appears she was thrown forward into the windshield, hitting it with her head. There is a small cut on her forehead, but she does not complain of pain in her neck, or numbness and tingling in her arms or legs. You elect to manually stabilize her head with your hands. Why? pg 61

The lack of symptoms or obvious injury does not mean that the spine is not injured. If significant mechanism of injury occurred, it is best to assume a spinal injury exists.

True or false? A person who is having a heart attack may deny it. pg 77

True

True or false? Quickly assessing for and controlling any bleeding is the highest priority if an amputation has occurred. pg 57

True. Once the person is stable, locate and manage the severed part.

You responded as a first aid provider to a coworker who experienced a life-threatening allergic reaction to a bee sting. She has been transported by EMS to a hospital for further care. The experience was overwhelming, and you still have not heard if her condition has improved. The experience has clearly left you shaken. You keep going over your actions in your head and wonder if you did enough. How can you help address the feeling you are having? pg 92

Try to share your feeling with someone you trust. If possible, return to your normal routine, and give yourself time to resolve your emotions about the experience. If your unpleasant feeling persist, consider seeing a professional counselor.

A fire has broken out in the building you are working in, and you are quickly evacuating with other employees. As you exit, you find an employee who has collapsed to the floor and is not moving. Smoke is quickly filling up the area you are in. What should you do for the collapse employee? pg 9

Using your legs, not your back, drag your coworker from the smoke-filled area to a safer location.

When a tooth has been knocked out, what is the most critical factor in being able to successfully re-implant the tooth? pg 70

When a tooth has been knocked out, treat it without delay. Immediate re-implantation is believed by the dental community to result in the greatest chance of tooth survival.

You enter a warehouse door to get to your work area and discover one of your coworkers alone and looking very ill. After talking to him, you are unsure about what is happening, but you feel it could be serious. Should you activate EMS? pg 8

Yes