CPR BLS Exam 2021 AHA
What is the maximum amount of time you should simultaneously check for a pulse and breathing?
10 seconds (you should only take 10 seconds to check the carotid pulse and breathing. If not pulse then start CPR.)
What is the compression-ventilation ratio for 2-rescuer child CPR?
15:2 (Provide 15 compressions to 2 breaths on the 2 rescuer infant and child.)
A 7-year-old child has suddenly collapsed. After confirming that the scene is safe, a single rescuer determines that the child is in cardiac arrest, shouts for nearby help, and calls 911. The rescuer immediately begins CPR. Two additional rescuers arrive to assist in the resuscitation attempt. What actions should occur next, to support a team-based resuscitation attempt?
2 rescuers alternate giving high-quality chest compressions (To reduce rescuer fatigue, switch compressors every 5 cycles (about 2 minutes) or sooner if needed. To minimize interruptions in compressions, perform the switch when the AED is analyzing the rhythm. Take less than 5 seconds to switch.)
What ratio for compressions to breaths should be used for 1-rescuer infant CPR?
30 compressions to 2 breaths (For 1-rescuer infant CPR, the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio is 30:2.)
Which patient needs high-quality CPR?
A victim who is unresponsive with no normal breathing and no pulse (A victim who is unresponsive, is not breathing, and has no pulse requires high-quality CPR. Starting high-quality CPR immediately after cardiac arrest can greatly improve a victim's chance of survival. An AED should be used as soon as it becomes available.)
Two rescuers begin CPR while the third rescuer leaves to get the AED. What action supports 2-rescuer CPR?
Alternating the compressor role every 2 minutes (To reduce rescuer fatigue, switch compressors every 5 cycles (about 2 minutes) or sooner if needed. To minimize interruptions in compressions, perform the switch when the AED is analyzing the rhythm. Take less than 5 seconds to switch.)
You witness a friend suddenly collapse at work. The person is unresponsive, you hear gasping sounds, and there is no pulse. What should you do next?
Begin CPR; the gasps are not normal breathing (The gasps described in this question are most likely agonal gasps. Agonal gasps are not considered normal breathing and are a sign of cardiac arrest. High-quality CPR should be started immediately.)
How do you perform chest compressions when providing CPR to a child (ages 1-8 years of age) victim?
By compressing the chest at least one third the depth of the chest, about 2 inches (5 cm) (The correct compression depth for a child victim is at least one third the AP diameter of the chest, or about 2 inches (5 cm). Remember child is ages 1-8yrs of age.)
While performing high-quality CPR on an adult patient, what action should you ensure is being accomplished?
Compressing to a depth of at least 2 inches (When performing chest compressions on an adult (or adolescent), a compression depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm) should be used.)
When performing CPR on an unresponsive choking victim, what modification should you incorporate?
Each time you open the airway, look for the obstructing object (Each time you open the airway to give breaths, open the victim's mouth wide and look for the object. If you see an object that can be easily removed, remove it with your fingers. If you do not see an object, continue CPR.)
After the AED pads are attached to the victim's bare chest, the AED prompts you to shock the victim. What is the next step when using an AED?
Follow the AED prompts and press the shock button once everyone is clear. (After the AED pads are attached to the victim's bare chest, you should follow the AED prompts. The AED will analyze the victim's heart rhythm and prompt you to deliver a shock if needed.)
You have determined that the a 7 month old infant is responsive and choking with a severe airway obstruction. How do you relieve the airway obstruction?
Give sets of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts (If an infant victim becomes unresponsive, stop giving back slaps and begin CPR, starting with compressions. Additionally, each time you open the airway, look for the obstructing object in the back of the throat. If you see an object and can easily remove it, remove it.)
You just shocked the patient with your AED, what is your next action?
Immediately restart CPR, beginning with chest compressions (After you shock immediately start CPR.)
Why is defibrillation important?
It can restore a regular cardiac rhythm (An AED can identify an abnormal heart rhythm that needs a shock. The AED can then deliver a shock that can convert a rhythm back to normal.)
Rapid defibrillation is a link in the adult Chain of Survival. Why is this important to survival?
It eliminates the abnormal heart rhythm (An AED can help terminate an abnormal rhythm and restore a regular heart rhythm. When used in combination with high-quality CPR, an AED can double (or triple) the chances of survival.)
When using a bag-mask device, how can rescuers ensure that they are providing effective breaths?
Observing the chest rise with breaths (Squeeze the bag to give breaths (1 second each) while watching for chest rise. Deliver each breath over 1 second, with or without supplementary oxygen.)
What is a consideration when you are using an AED?
On a hairy chest, the pads may not stick and may fail to deliver a shock, therefore a razor should be used to shave the victim (Special situations may require the rescuer to take additional actions when placing AED pads on a victim who has a hairy chest. In this case, the AED pads may stick to the hair and not to the skin on the chest, making it difficult to analyze the victim's heart rhythm and deliver a shock (if needed). Most AED kits contain a razor for this reason.)
To properly ventilate an adult patient who has a pulse but is not breathing or not breathing right (respiratory arrest), how often do you squeeze the bag?
Once every 5 to 6 seconds (For a patient in respiratory arrest with a pulse, deliver ventilations once every 5 to 6 seconds with a bag-mask device or any advanced airway.)
Which action is most likely to positively impact this victim's survival from sudden cardiac arrest?
Performing high-quality CPR (Performing high-quality CPR has been shown to improve a victim's chances of survival.)
What should you do if you need to use an AED on someone who has been submerged in a pool?
Pull the victim out of the water, and wipe the chest, and use the AED (Special situations may require the rescuer to take additional actions when placing AED pads for a victim who is immersed in water. In this case, the victim should be pulled out of the water. If the chest is covered with some water, it should be quickly wiped before attaching the AED pads.)
A victim with who is choking becomes unresponsive. What is your first course of action?
Start CPR, beginning with chest compressions (Choking victims with severe airway obstruction may worsen and become unresponsive. If this occurs, then high-quality CPR must be started immediately, beginning with chest compressions.)
When should rescuers switch positions during CPR?
Switch rescuers about every 2 minutes (Rescuers should switch compressors frequently (about every 2 minutes, typically when the AED is analyzing the rhythm) so that CPR quality is not reduced because of fatigue.)
Why is allowing complete chest recoil important when performing CPR?
The heart will adequately refill between compressions (Allowing complete chest recoil (between compressions) permits blood to flow into the heart. Incomplete chest recoil is inefficient because it reduces the blood flow created by chest compressions.)
A 63-year-old man collapses while mowing the lawn. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a pulse. A neighbor, who is an EMT, rushes to her with an AED. When the AED arrives, what is the first step for using it?
Turn on the AED (The first step for using an AED (when it becomes available) is to power on the AED if needed. Some devices will power on automatically when you open the lid or case. Because AEDs vary according to the model and manufacturer, it is important to become familiar with the AED used in your particular setting.)
You and another rescuer begin CPR. After a few rounds, you notice the person getting tired and the chest compression rate is slowing. What should you say?
You need to compress at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute (Sometimes a team member may need to correct actions that are incorrect or inappropriate. In this case, you notice the chest compression rate is slowing. You should remind the other rescuer that a compression rate of 100 to 120/min should be used. Any person on the team should stop someone else from making a mistake, regardless of his or her role on the team.)
