Crim Chapter 9

According to dropout statistics, students who missed more than ____________ percent of instructional time are at risk for dropping out of high school. ​

10

Jazmyn is a 15-year-old black Hispanic female who attends an inner-city high school in an economically disadvantaged part of town, where the completion rate is below 40 percent. Her GPA for first year was below 2.0 due to stress from family dysfunction and conflict. Because she has been placed in remedial classes, Jazmyn has no interest in academics and has been hanging out with older kids who engage in criminal behaviors. She recently started to act out in classes. Given the risk factors, Jazmyn will likely join approximately what percentage of high school students that dropout?

20

Approximately what percentage of high school students drop out? 20 percent 25 percent 33 percent 40 percent

20 percent

While the number has declined, about what percentage of 9th- to 12th-grade students reported bringing a weapon to school regularly? 5 11 25 33

5

While the number has declined, about what percentage of 9th- to 12th-grade students reported bringing a weapon to school regularly?

5%

Which of the following is not a correlate of school failure according to the text? Personal problems Academic integration Tracking Social class

Academic integration

Which statement is true regarding dropping out?

African American children receive more disciplinary infractions than children from other racial categories, despite the fact that their behavior is quite similar.

In a 1988 case, Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, the Court extended the right of school officials to censor active speech when it ruled that the principal could censor :

Articles in a school-sponsored publication

Repeated, negative acts committed by one or more children against another, that may be physical or verbal in known as

BULLYING.

All-American High School has experienced an increase in school violence over the past year. School administration has implemented a number of security strategies, which include searching students randomly and has, ultimately, resulted in the suspensions of some students. A number of researchers have observed that school crime is a function of the community in which the school is located. This is considered a...

Community-level cause

Which of the following is not a time when most school shooting incidents occur?

DURING SPORTING EVENTS.

Jazmyn is a 15-year-old black Hispanic female who attends an inner-city high school in an economically disadvantaged part of town, where the completion rate is below 40 percent. Her GPA for first year was below 2.0 due to stress from family dysfunction and conflict. Because she has been placed in remedial classes, Jazmyn has no interest in academics and has been hanging out with older kids who engage in criminal behaviors. She recently started to act out in classes. What category of schools does Jazmyn attend?

Dropout factory

Which is not one of the effects of dropping out of high school?

Dropouts report higher tax contributions than those who complete.

What statement about improving school climate and security is false? To reduce school-based crime, administrators might be better off improving the standards of the teaching staff rather than installing strict security. Tighter school security may only displace acts of violence to the community. Administrators who apply school rules evenly and increase the certainty of punishment for breaking school rules can create the multifaceted approach needed to provide a safer school environment. Early identification of at-risk students and removing them from the school will assist in lowering the crime rate in the school.

Early identification of at-risk students and removing them from the school will assist in lowering the crime rate in the school.

A school-based prevention program that establishes school management and disciplinary programs that deter crime is utilizing _________________ strategies.

Environmental

The Secret Service has compiled data for an accurate and useful profile of at-risk kids who become school shooters.

FALSE

About 25 percent of students report bringing weapons to school on a regular basis.

False

Which of the following best describes the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Ingraham v. Wright concerning corporal punishment in schools?

Neither the Eighth nor the Fourteenth Amendment was violated by a teacher's use of corporal punishment to discipline students.

In the 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case ____________________, the court ruled that students were protected against unreasonable searches and seizures, but that school personnel are not bound by the same restrictions as police officers.

New Jersey v. T.L.O.

In what case did the Supreme Court hold that with regard to searches and seizures school officials are not bound by the same restrictions as law enforcement agents?

New Jersey v. T.L.O.

Police need _________________ before they can conduct a search, but educators can legally search students when there are reasonable grounds to believe the students have violated the law or broken school rules.

PROBABLE CAUSE.

Mark is white, 16-year-old boy and has been bullied since elementary school. He has a history of feeling isolated and severe depression. He recently wrote disturbing and threatening prose in English class. Which is false regarding victims of school crimes?

School crime is random

Which of the following statements about tracking and school failure is true? Studies indicate that non-college-track students experience progressive deterioration of achievement. Studies indicate non-college-track students experience less academic failure. Studies indicate non-college-track students participate more in extracurricular activities. Studies indicate non-college-track students have a decreased tendency to drop out.

Studies indicate that non-college-track students experience progressive deterioration of achievement.

Delinquency has been associated with low self-control and impulsivity, traits that also may produce school failure.

TRUE

Researchers find that school failure is a stronger predictor of delinquency than variables such as economic class, race/ethnic background, or peer-group relations.

TRUE

Which statement is false with regard to minority students in school? Black and Hispanic students are also disproportionately subject to seclusion or restraints. Students with disabilities are disproportionally subject to physical restraints. A smaller percentage of minority students are in gifted and talented programs. Teachers in high-minority schools were paid more per year than their colleagues elsewhere

Teachers in high-minority schools were paid more per year than their colleagues elsewhere

What statement with regard to schools is false?

The school plays no role in shaping the values of children.

Dividing students into groups according to their ability and achievement levels is called _____________________.

Tracking

Family dysfunction increases the chances of dropping out of school among all racial and ethnic groups

True

More than 90 percent of schools limit access to social networking websites from school computers and prohibit the use of cell phones and text messaging devices during school hours.

True

Only 9 percent of the chronic offenders in Wolfgang's Philadelphia cohort study graduated from high school, compared to 74 percent of nonoffenders.

True

Students who fail to meet expected levels of school achievement are known as ________________ and are among the most likely to be delinquent.

UNDERACHIEVERS

Mark is white, 16-year-old boy and has been bullied since elementary school. He has a history of feeling isolated and severe depression. He recently wrote disturbing and threatening prose in English class. Given the factors present, should the school be concerned?

Yes, there are indications for the potential of a school shooting.

Policies that mandate specific consequences or punishments for delinquent acts and do not allow anyone to avoid these consequences are referred to as:

Zero tolerance policies

The 1969 Supreme Court case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District is the most important case concerning: the censorship of articles in student publications a student's right to pray in school a student's right to passive speech a student's right to active speech

a student's right to passive speech

In the case of J.D.B. v. North Carolina, the Court ruled that a suspect's _________ must be considered when determining if a confession was given freely while they believed they were in custody. ​

age

Repeated, negative acts committed by one or more children against another, that may be physical or verbal in known as _____________.

bullying

Those who fail to meet expected levels of school achievement are _________ and are among the most likely to be delinquent. persistent school failures chronic truants chronic underachievers dropouts

chronic underachievers

Over time the overall dropout rate has: increased decreased stayed the same not been measured by U.S. school officials

decreased

Academic tracking refers to:

dividing students into groups according to ability and achievement level

High schools where the completion rate is 40 percent or less are called _____________________________.

dropout factories

Academic tracking is an effective method for providing academic success to all students in a school. t or f

false

According to the profile developed by the U.S. Secret Service, school shootings:

involve shooters with a history of being bullied.

Research indicates that the social and educational atmosphere of a school: is one of the most important predictors of levels of violence is the least important predictors of levels of violence has no impact on school crime has proven to be a mixed bag of results on levels of crime and violence

is one of the most important predictors of levels of violence

In Marvin Wolfgang's Philadelphia cohort study, those who were more likely to become involved in chronic delinquency:

left school without a diploma

It is possible that school-based crimes have a " ____________________"; that is, striking back against a weaker victim is a method of regaining lost possessions or self-respect.

survival value

Dividing students into groups according to their ability and achievement levels is called _____________________.

tracking

A school-based prevention program based on behavioral strategies is most likely to involve:

training students in techniques to resist peer pressure

The 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case Santa Fe independent School District, Petitioner v. Jane Doe ruled that school prayers led by an elected student threatens the religious freedom of minority viewpoints and therefore is unconstitutional. t or f

true