Criminal investigations

What is the purpose of the crime scene "walk-through?"

All of the above are valid reasons to conduct a "walk-through."

Which of the following should be included in a police officer's field notes?

All of the above should be in an officer's field notes.

What statement below is true regarding the Pinkerton National Detective Agency?

All of the above statements are true of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.

What kind of statement did the suspect just make?

An admission

Which is the best example of a prejudicial photo?

An arrest photo of the suspect showing him dirty and unkempt

What does the following scenario illustrate?: Bill Monroe matches a description of a burglary suspect from an incident that occurred last night. Monroe is stopped by a police officer and is asked questions about his activities the night before. Monroe believes that he cannot leave; thus, he stays and answers the officer's questions.

An investigative detention

Which of the following units receives and examines evidence related to firearms, ammunition, and tools?

Forensic Ballistics Unit

The ________ Amendment requires probable cause for warrantless arrests, issuance of an arrest warrant, issuance of a search warrant, and warrantless search and seizures.

Fourteenth

Which amendment was passed in 1868 and extended due process to each of the states?

Fourteenth

For the past three decades, courts have scrutinized virtually every aspect of the ________ Amendment.

Fourth

Photographs of the crime scene are usually taken in three stages. This approach enables a picture of all circumstances to be painted for jurors while leading up to the most critical part of the crime scene. What are the three photographic stages to document a crime scene?

General Views, Medium-Range Views, Close-up Views

What criminal investigation technique analyzes the locations of a connected series of crimes to determine where the offender most likely resides?

Geographic profiling

Which of the following is true regarding establishing probable cause?

It is unlikely that a single fact or circumstance will establish probable cause, but several such facts put together might.

The ________ investigation demonstrates that officers are conscientious enough to follow up on leads even after the preliminary investigations have concluded.

follow-up

Terry v. Ohio gave officers the authority to conduct a pat-down search, also known as a(n) ________.

frisk

) In the case of a person found ________, the body should generally not be moved at all.

hanging

It is common for probable cause to be established through ________ information provided by third-party sources, typically informants.

hearsay

The decision model on using deadly forces involves three components: ability, opportunity and ________.

jeopardy

The ________ technique in obtaining fingerprints produces a clean, relatively easy method to develop prints, and pretreatment of the specimen is not required.

laser

A criminal investigator's written ________ represents the final product of his or her investigative efforts.

report

A(n) ________ sketch is the one drawn by officers on the crime scene.

rough

Utilization of the ________ factors emphasizes the importance of a thorough initial investigation even when it is being turned over for a continuing investigation.

solvability

Liars often lie by using ________, statements that could be true at face value, but specifically the details are not what they seem.

specifics

Law enforcement officers can cause misidentifications by ________ words or conduct.

suggestive

A(n) ________ report is generated to update a case as new sources of information arise.

supplemental

The covert use of ________ is now used commonly in banks and convenience stores as a deterrent for would-be robbers and as an aid in prosecution.

surveillance

"The phenomenon in which jurors hold unrealistic expectations of forensic evidence and investigation techniques, and have an increased interest in the discipline of forensic science" is known as ________.

the "CSI effect"

By around 1800, the first well-known investigators in England were not paid as police officers but rather, were paid a percentage of all fines resulting from successful prosecution of thieves. These investigators soon became known as ________.

the Bow Street Runners

A variety of techniques, including the use of chemicals, powders, lasers, alternate light sources, and other physical means, are used in ________.

the detection and development of latent fingerprints

The examination of the scene typically begins with a crime scene ________ of the area along the "trail" of the crime.

walkthrough

All photos are required to be authenticated in order to be admissible in court. Specifically, the party seeking to introduce the photograph into evidence must be prepared to present testimony that the photograph is accurate and correct. Which of the following statements BEST describes the legal rule on who must authenticate pictures through sworn testimony in court?

It must be authenticated by someone who was at the scene but does not have to be the photographer.

Which famous American outlaw acquired a Robin Hood reputation?

Jesse James

What statement below best summarizes the current use of crime scene sketches?

Jurors, typically, can relate to a well-drafted sketch depicting all-important areas of the crime scene location.

A police officer is investigating a burglary and is using fingerprint powder and a fingerprint brush at the point of entry to locate possible fingerprints. What kind of fingerprints is the officer looking for?

Latent

Which of the following can be processed using the AFIS?

Latent prints

For every photograph taken at a crime scene, which of the following is an unnecessary detail to record?

Lighting at the crime scene

The ________ exchange principle also known as transfer of evidence theory, states that when two items touch, there will be an exchange.

Locard

The ________ states that whenever the perpetrator of a crime comes into contact with the scene, he or she will both bring something into the scene and leave with something from the scene. In other words, this principle asserts that every contact leaves minimally, a trace of evidence.

Locard's principle

The ________ police force was created in 1829 by an act introduced in parliament by Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel.

London

The National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justices awarded a grant to the ________ Corporation to conduct a nationwide study of police agencies.

RAND

Which study revealed that most property offenses receive only cursory attention?

RAND study

In taking field notes about a murder victim's gunshot wounds, which detail should officers omit?

Type of gun used

The Fourth Amendment prohibits which type of searches and seizures?

Unreasonable

The distinction between an interview can often be blurred, but can be expressed in what way?

The purpose of the contact.

Two police officers are investigating a child abuse and neglect case and during the walk-through, it was evident that significant evidence is located in the child's bedroom. What search method should the officers use to most effectively search the child's room?

The quadrant or zone search method

What statement below regarding this search is true?

The search is illegal and the evidence is inadmissible.

What is the principle clause of the Fifth Amendment?

The self-incrimination clause

A police officer at a home invasion robbery is measuring the scene for a crime scene sketch. The officer carefully and accurately measures the main room and the body of the 70-year-old victim lying on the floor. The officer then estimates the position of a knife that is presumed to be the murder weapon and records that estimate carefully on the sketch. What is the likelihood of the admissibility of the crime scene sketch in court?

The sketch is likely to be inadmissible.

A police officer is interrogating a suspect in a white-collar crime case where several hundred thousand dollars are suspected to have been stolen. When asked if knows anything about the missing money, the suspect puts his hands over his mouth and says, "I don't know what you're talking about." What conclusion can the investigator draw from the suspect's behavior and answer?

The suspect is probably lying.

In general, officers are permitted to conduct a protective search or sweep of the premises when they have reasonable grounds to believe that a person within the premises is in immediate need of assistance or ________.

a perpetrator is present

In many cases, investigators may choose to use a small ________ recorder in lieu of a notebook pad for notetaking.

digital

One of the reasons a suspect may confess is due to ________ capacity.

diminished

Generally, the most common ________ that investigators will conduct are with witnesses, cooperating citizens, victims, informants, and suspects.

interviews

Which of the following questions is an example of the probing technique?

"When you say you saw the men drive away, describe the manner that they were operating the car."

When conducting a neighborhood canvass, what question is a common error of officers to ask which may permit a witness to unwittingly exclude a person of interest?

"Who lives here?"

From an evidentiary standpoint, digital images must be handled with special care and consideration to preserve their integrity as evidence. Copies of the images contained on the original storage media can (and should) be copied to ________.

A compact disc (CD)

Which of the following is a basic component of a police department's reporting system?

A format that logically guides the identification of leads that experience and research have demonstrated are most likely to result in case solution.

Which of the following is the best example of a questioned document?

A handwritten note from a murder suspect

Who reviews and signs search warrants?

A judge

Which of the following situations best illustrates an arrest?

A police officer investigating a theft places the suspect in handcuffs but does not tell her that she is under arrest.

A sample or exemplar of handwriting for comparison in questioned document cases is also known as ________.

A standard

Stephanie is called to the police station to view a photo lineup of possible offenders for a crime she witnessed. During the photo lineup she viewed one photo at a time and tried to compare each to the person she saw at the scene of the crime. What type of judgement is Stephanie using?

Absolute judgment

Which of the following is true regarding concerns of recap bias when admitting a tape of a confession into evidence?

After recounting a story over and over again, a suspect is likely to show less emotion and appear unusually callous.

During the collection of evidence, when should evidence be marked?

All evidence must be marked immediately upon seizure.

Which of the following steps/principles should always be observed when conducting a neighborhood canvass?

All interviews must be conducted separately.

After an initial evaluation of evidence in a case, the criminal investigator draws conclusions through a process of reasoning. This process is typically achieved through inductive or deductive reasoning. What is an example of strong inductive reasoning?

All observed crows are black; therefore, all crows are black.

What type of FBI profiling questions are exemplified by asking "Why did the murderer choose to kill every other Tuesday, and not every Tuesday?"

Antecedent

Generally, when should police officers begin to take notes?

As soon as an officer gets a call to the scene of a crime

To be productive and successful, where should investigators conduct interviews?

At a location where the subject is mentally relaxed

Why is the probable cause requirement the most important component of the Fourth Amendment?

Because it lies at the heart of police officers' authority to search, seize, and make arrests.

When first encountering a witness or victim, it is important for the investigator to allow the person to state in his or her own words what occurred. How is this best accomplished?

By asking the simple question, "What happened?"

In which case did the Supreme Court establish that a person arrested must generally be provided with a judicial determination of probable cause within 48 hours after arrest?

County of Riverside v. McLaughlin

A police officer is at a crime scene and locates a footprint in a flowerbed near an open window. The window is examined closely and pry marks are discovered on the lower window sash and the window sill indicating forced entry. The police officer pointed out the evidence to the investigator who photographed the evidence and collected the footwear impression using a liquid footwear casting system. Who is required to testify in court to get the evidence admitted during the trial?

Both the police officer who discovered the evidence and the investigator who collected the evidence are usually required to testify.

Not every law enforcement agency is able to support a dedicated ________.

CSI unit

________ results when an object swung in an arc flings blood onto nearby surfaces.

Castoff

Tasks required of the follow-up investigator include ________.

Checking police intelligence files to develop potential suspects

________ v. California (1969) dealt with areas that are not in plain view that are searched without a warrant.

Chimel

________ views, via photos, should focus on small segments of a larger surface or on specific objects in the scene.

Close-up

Officer Seal was interrogating a suspect of a robbery. During the interrogation he told the suspect that if he did not confess he would also arrest the suspect's brother for participating in the crime even though the officer had no knowledge of the suspect's brother's involvement. What type of confession is Officer Seal trying to obtain?

Coerced confession

Which of the following lists the appropriate order of steps involved in writing a report?

Collecting information about a crime scene, completing notes, preparing the report, proofreading the report

What is defined as a criminal suspect's oral or written acknowledgement of guilt, often including details about a crime?

Confession

One of the goals of conducting an interrogation is to obtain a confession. What is a key psychological factor in obtaining an admission or a confession?

Creating privacy

What are groupings of behavioral characteristics commonly seen in a particular class of offender?

Criminal profiles

A police officer is investigating a homicide in a home office. The victim was shot several times. There are two bullet holes in the wall behind the desk, blood splatter on the wall behind the desk, several bullet casings on the floor, and a bloody handprint on the cordless phone lying on the floor next to the victim. What is the BEST crime scene measuring system the officer should use to document this crime scene?

Cross-projection Method

________ interrogation involves not only when the suspect has been arrested before questioning, but also when his or her liberty has been restricted to a degree that is associated with arrest.

Custodial

A police officer is investigating the theft of a CD at a retail store. The complainant states that an anonymous person reported that the suspect fits a description of the person who stole a CD that is missing from inventory. The suspect is denying any involvement. The CD has not been recovered. Based on this information, what statement below is true regarding an arrest of the suspect in this case? A) The officer may arrest the suspect because the officer has probable cause. B) The officer may arrest the suspect because the officer has reasonable suspicion. C) The officer may NOT arrest the suspect because the officer must have a confession in order to arrest even though he has probable cause. D) The officer may NOT arrest the suspect because the officer does not have probable cause.

D

Which of the following is being analyzed when RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique is being used?

DNA

Which statement below is true regarding DNA?

DNA represents a genetic facsimile, or "blueprint," of that organism./Within every cell in each human body, the DNA is identical./DNA consists of only five basic elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus./ALL (It's all)

Which is the best usage of a close-up photo?

Documenting Powder burns

________ is the imposition of restrictions on physical behavior, such as prolonged interrogation and deprivation of water, food, or sleep.

Duress

________ samples can be used to determine whether the evidence comes from the suspect or from someone else.

Elimination

________ is becoming more prevalent due to high-visibility data breaches and a desire for an increased degree of security.

Encryption

________ can be stored in vehicle trunks, strongboxes, property rooms, locked file cabinets, evidence lockers or vaults.

Evidence

Technologically, what is the most common facial composite software used in the United States?

FACES

Which of the following is an interrogation style of interrogation in which an investigator attempts to give the suspect a rationale to justify his or her participation in the crime?

Face-saving

What are generally defined as information learned personally by the investigator and not conclusions presumed by him or her?

Facts

________ interview cards are used when patrol officers encounter people or circumstances that appear suspicious but there is not sufficient cause for arrest.

Field

Patrol and surveillance functions fall under ________.

Field operations

Which of the following sources of evidence is most fragile and should be collected first?

Fingerprints

Which of the following statements is a major recommendation that arose from the PERF study?

Greater emphasis should be placed on the collection and use of physical evidence because it can be effective in corroborating other evidence of suspect identification.

29) Which of the following best describes the results of the Christopher Commission?

Guidelines that police are to exercise the minimum amount of force necessary to control a suspect

Who is credited with establishing England's first police force and creating a working relationship with local business owners to reduce the profits of London's criminals?

Henry Fielding

________ is the employment of the rule of thumb that substitutes simple questions for more complex ones.

Heuristics

When a police officer is compelled to use force, which standard or standards will courts use when determining whether such force was reasonable? I. "Standing in your shoes" II. "The actions of a reasonable officer" III. "Triangle of deadly force"

I, II

What can improper initial actions by a first officer result in? I. Aggravation of injuries to victims. II. Endangerment of other officers. III. Loss of life.

I, II, III

Which are objectives of criminal investigation? I. Recover stolen property II. Preserve evidence in crimes III. Prepare criminal cases for prosecution

I, II, III

Profiling gained popularity during the 1980s, when the FBI became heavily involved in the profiling of which type of criminals? I. Arsonists II. Bank Robbers. III. Sex Offenders

I, III

28) Which of the following are examples of excessive force used by a police officer? I. Compliance holds on a subject who is physically fighting with his wife during a domestic disturbance II. Use of firearm against a suspect, who is armed with a knife, has just stabbed a store clerk, won't put the knife down, and is telling the officer he is going to kill the officer III. Use of chemical gas against a protester who refuses to leave the courtroom IV. Use of a taser on a 12-year-old middle school student who spits at the police officer

III, IV

Which initial actions are extremely important considerations for officers arriving at a crime scene and involve the first officer noting license numbers and being alert for suspicious persons who are observed in the general area?

Identification of witnesses and vehicles

Which of the following guidelines should be followed in conducting a police lineup?

If possible, conduct a "blank" lineup.

Which of the following best explains the growth of American police functions in the mid- to late-nineteenth century?

Incidents of mob violence between ethnic groups

Which of the following is true about the computer voice stress analyzer (CVSA)?

Increase in the frequency modulation of voice is indicative of the subject lying.

Term that refers to the reasoning that takes us beyond what we know to conclusions about what we don't know?

Inductive reasoning

What is the search warrant return?

It is an itemized inventory of all property and material seized by officers at the location of the search.

What can happen if a criminal investigator prepares a poorly written report?

It can give a defense attorney a tool to use during trial to confuse the officer's testimony and to muddle the issue.

Which of the following is true of the triangulation method of sketching?

It is a bird's-eye view of the scene that uses fixed objects from which to measure.

Which of the following is true about writing and using field notes in the courtroom?

It is acceptable for a person who did not prepare the field notes to testify about their reliability.

Which one of the following statements is true regarding arrests in the United States?

Making an arrest is a dangerous process for a police officer.

Which of the following best illustrates the Bertillon system of criminal identification?

Matching the shape of the ears and skeletal size to a particular suspect

What type of witnesses can the neighborhood canvass identify that have specific knowledge of the crime or parts of the crime?

Material

________ may result in highly suggestible and confused suspects beginning to believe they are guilty of the crime they didn't commit.

Maximization

While interrogating a defendant in a robbery case, Officer Giacomazzi tells the defendant that he feels sorry for him and that he knows that the defendant only committed the crime because he was financially strapped. What type of interrogation technique is Officer Giacomazzi using in this situation?

Minimization

________ warnings do not have to be given in any specific order or with precise wording.

Miranda

What cases can involve property value up to $1500, and auto larceny cases?

Misdemeanors

Which of the following is the best interpretation of the Frye standard?

New scientific evidence may be used in court only when it has gained general acceptance in the scientific community.

Which of the following processes of taking fingerprints involves the development of prints by using amino acids resulting from perspiration?

Ninhydrin

Ideally, how should an interrogation room be set up?

No obstacles such as tables or desks should block the interviewer's full view of the subject's body.

In the late 1970s, the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice awarded a grant to the RAND Corporation to undertake a nationwide study of criminal investigations by police agencies in major U.S. cities. Which of the statements below identify a major recommendation of this study?

Patrol officers should be afforded greater responsibilities in conducting preliminary investigations, providing greater case-screening capabilities for investigators while eliminating redundancy.

What lighting technique is good to use indoors on hard floors?

Oblique

Officer Peters is about to interview a victim and must prepare several questions. Which of the following types of questions should he rely on most to force the interviewee to relate to the statement?

Open-ended questions

What must investigators possess that enables them to sift through detailed and fragmented pieces of information?

Organizational skills

Which is the most accurate interpretation of the "best evidence rule"?

Original notes are usually better than photocopies.

Who vastly expanded research into human blood during the early twentieth century?

Paul Uhlenhuth

A police officer is investigating a robbery. The stolen vehicle that was used in the crime has been located. During a careful search for fingerprints using only a flashlight and careful observation, a latent print is clearly visible on the car door handle. What should the officer do first?

Photograph the print before attempts are made to develop it.

Which of the following are the two major methods of fingerprint preservation?

Photographing and lifting

________ force may be used to protect the officer or others from danger, to overcome resistance, and to prevent escape.

Physical

________ National Detective Agency, founded in 1850, was the basis of the organizational structure of the FBI.

Pinkerton

An investigator is interviewing a sexual assault victim. Which question below is the best way to find out what happened?

Please tell me what happened.

Richard Franks uses an Identi-Kit in his job with the New York City Police Department. Which of the following is his most likely designation?

Police artist

The follow-up investigation should build on what has been learned in during what process of the investigation?

Preliminary investigation

Part of the allure of the classic detective novels of the early twentieth century was the introduction of the ________.

Private eye

The search warrant must contain specifics about the location to be searched and the objects being sought. What is the legal burden of proof that is required to obtain a search warrant?

Probable cause

Which term below is defined as, "The minimum amount of information necessary to warrant a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been or is being committed by a person who is about to be arrested"?

Probable cause

Which statement below best describes the use of the polygraph?

Proper use of this tool can help an investigator determine a suspect's guilt or innocence.

________ profiling recognized that hate, passion, fear, and confusion may all have certain indicators at the crime scene.

Psychological

What are coercive police methods that sequentially manipulate a suspect's perception of the situation, expectations for the future, and motivation to shift from denial to admission?

Psychological coercion

What addresses the criminal investigations of crimes that have already occurred?

Reactive response

In order for a police officer to conduct a Terry Stop, what legal threshold must exist?

Reasonable suspicion

Because of the changing nature of criminal activity and the role of the investigator, the objectives of a criminal investigation may be more complex than people imagine. Which of the following are objectives of criminal investigations?

Recover stolen property and prepare sound criminal cases for prosecution

Criminal investigations are conducted through the use of three different responses: reactive, proactive, and preventive. Which of the following crimes would normally require a "reactive" investigation?

Robbery

Which of the following is a procedure established to study human blood stains and distinguish them from the blood of most other animals?

Serology

What presents facts that the officer believes constitute probable cause to justify the issuance of a warrant?

Search warrant affidavit

In which type of identification procedure does the eyewitness view all people or photos at the same time?

Sequential lineup

The ________ Amendment guarantees people the right to confront their accuser and to have legal representation.

Sixth

Traditional interviewers attempt to bring out information by asking what type of questions?

Specific

Which interrogation style is the investigator using?

Sympathetic style

An investigator is interviewing a witness to an armed robbery. The witness is willing to talk and is offering a lot of details during the interview. What is the best method to record notes during this interview?

Take brief notes consisting of names, addresses, and certain phrases that will outline the narrative for review.

The ________ Rangers are the oldest state law enforcement body in the United States.

Texas

An investigative tool gaining considerable popularity with law enforcement agencies is the computer voice stress analyzer (CVSA). Which statement below is true of this technology?

The CVSA detects, measures, and displays changes in the voice print frequency.

Review the following facts from Arizona v. Gant (2009). Police officers arrested Rodney Gant for driving with a suspended license. After he was handcuffed and locked in the back of a patrol car, officers searched his car and found cocaine in a jacket located on the backseat. Gant moved to suppress the cocaine found by police.

The Court held that the search-incident-to-arrest exception to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement did NOT justify the search in this case because the arrestee was not within reaching distance of the passenger compartment at the time of the search.

Generally speaking, how does the U.S. Supreme Court treat searches that are conducted by police without a warrant?

The Court presumes that the searches are unreasonable.

Equal protection under the law falls under which amendment?

The Fourteenth Amendment

The criminal investigator must incorporate skills of critical thinking with known scientific methods in their investigations. When comparing these two approaches to a criminal investigation, what best reflects a scientific method?

The collection of data through observation and experimentation and the formulation and testing of hypotheses

A police officer stops a car for speeding and conducts an illegal search of the trunk without a warrant or consent from the owner or operator. During the search, the officer however, finds three kilos of cocaine, $35,000 in cash, and several stolen guns. Based on the exclusionary rule, what are the courts likely to do with the evidence in this case?

The courts will likely exclude the evidence from court.

What has research concluded regarding the draw that the CSI effect has on individuals?

The effect is born out of a longing to believe that desirable, clever, and morally unimpeachable individuals are fighting to clear the names of the innocent and put the bad guys behind them.

Based on the Gant decision, what is the likely disposition of the physical evidence that was recovered by the officer?

The evidence is likely to be admitted because it is reasonable to believe the vehicle contained evidence of the arrest.

Which statement below is true regarding a crime scene finished sketch.

The finished sketch is a completed sketch usually drawn to scale from information contained on the rough sketch.

You are a police officer at a crime scene. You find a 9mm spent cartridge on the floor near the back door in the kitchen. To emphasize perspective, how should this item be photographed?

The first picture should be taken at close range, and the second should be taken from at least 6 feet away.

Crime scene walkthroughs should be performed in cooperation with which of the following individuals?

The first responder and individuals responsible for processing the crime scene.

Which element of securing a crime scene involves removing persons other than law enforcement officers or other officials actively engaging in crime scene duties from the premises?

The interior of the crime scene area should be cleared.

In which of the following ways do proactive investigations differ from reactive ones?

The investigation is conducted before the crime is committed.

Which statement below correctly identifies the officer's constitutional actions?

The officer may conduct a stop and frisk to investigate the intentions of the man. The man may not walk away.

A police officer has been called to a domestic abuse complaint. The officer knocks on the door and is invited in by the victim. When talking to the victim, the officer sees marijuana and cocaine on the kitchen table. What may the officer do in this situation?

The officer may seize the evidence because it is in plain view.

A police officer has probable cause to arrest Sam, a man who is carrying a back-pack. What may the officer search, incident to a lawful arrest in this situation?

The officer may thoroughly search Sam and his backpack.

A police officer is investigating a sexual assault and recovered the underwear that was worn by the victim after the assault. How should the officer package the evidence so as not to damage potential DNA evidence?

The officer should make sure the evidence is air dried, then sealed in a paper bag.

Which of the following methods is best for sketching an outdoor crime scene that does not have easily identifiable points of reference?

The triangulation method

Traditionally, what has been true of the responsibility of patrol officers in criminal investigations?

Their responsibilities have been limited.

How should biohazardous materials be handled by evidence collectors?

They should be double bagged in secure plastic bags, taped or secured by adhesives, and labeled as a biohazardous material.

________ catchers were recruited from the riffraff of the streets to aid law-enforcement officials in locating criminals.

Thief

Unless the patrol officer is able to make an immediate, on-scene arrest, 12 essential questions need direct answers to determine the solvability of the case. Based on the following facts, use the solvability factors identified in the text to answer the solvability question in this case: A 32-year-old woman was physically assaulted by her live-in boyfriend. He used a lamp to strike the woman in the back of the head while she was attempting to escape his grasp during an argument. The man left the scene prior to police arriving.

This case is highly solvable. Collect statements and evidence, obtain an arrest warrant, document the scene and refer the woman to the domestic abuse shelter for counseling and services.

During a pretrial hearing in a murder case, a defense attorney is attempting to suppress a photograph from trial that was legally obtained by the police. The photograph in question is a picture of a deceased six-year-old male victim, nude, with multiple stab wounds, mutilated appendages, and large amounts of blood. Assuming the picture was properly authenticated, what is the likely rationale for the judge to suppress this photo?

This photograph is a prejudicial image.

Which of the following combinations of traits will most accurately predict that a suspect is telling the truth?

Tilted head, hand on chin

Why should entries into crime scenes be conducted only when necessary?

To avoid the destruction or contamination of important evidence

What is the purpose of the cognitive interview?

To elicit better information from victims and witnesses

For which purpose will an officer most likely broadcast a flash description?

To enable other officers to quickly apprehend a suspect still in the vicinity

For which of the following purposes does an officer use FI cards?

To jot down notes about suspicious persons during a watch

Which of the following is a goal of an investigative interview?

To obtain information through a formal and nonaccusatory conversation

Which of the following best expresses the purpose of using markers at a crime scene?

To provide a sense of the size of physical evidence

An investigator finds possible textile fibers and animal hair on a nude homicide victim. Which crime laboratory forensic unit identifies and compares textile fibers and animal hair that may have been transferred during the commission of this violent crime?

Trace Evidence Unit

What is the area where all apparent actions associated with the crime took place?

Trail

Which is the best method of seizing a handgun as evidence?

Using two fingers to hold the grip

What type of response is a traditional interviewer looking to elicit?

Very brief

In which regular course of their duties do criminal investigators confront investigations relating to organized crime activity?

Vice

The following is true regarding all of the forensic science tests depicted on CSI-including analyses of bite marks, blood spatter, handwriting, firearm, and tool marks as well as hair and fibers?

Virtually all of them rely on the judgments of individual experts and are difficult to verify with statistical analysis.

Which of the following is true regarding the interviewing of witnesses at a crime scene?

When circumstances permit, the neighborhood surrounding the crime scene should be canvassed to identify additional witnesses and other persons who may have information bearing upon the crime scene.

In the evidence-collection process, contamination of evidence occurs most commonly when evidence is not properly secured, is wrongfully mixed with other types of evidence, or is altered significantly from its original condition at the crime scene. What are the legal consequences if evidence is not handled properly?

When this occurs, the evidence is usually rendered inadmissible or "incompetent" by the court.

When are Miranda warnings required to be read to a suspect?

Whenever a person is in custody and prior to interrogation

Which of the following is a basic fingerprint pattern?

Whorl

Prima facie evidence is evidence established by law that at face value proves a fact in dispute. Which of the following is an example of prima facie evidence?

Wisconsin state law states that anyone with a blood alcohol content over .08 is operating illegally on Wisconsin highways.

An interrogation is ________.

accusatory

The classic use of the facial composite is the citizen recognizing the face as a(n) ________.

acquaintance

A self-incriminating statement made by the suspect that falls short of an acknowledgment of guilt is known as a(n) ________.

admission

A(n) ________ is a self-incriminating statement made by the suspect that falls short of an acknowledgement of guilt.

admission

Evidence such as fingerprints, footprints, bloodstains, and fibers are examples of ________.

associative evidence

The most important requirement to use photographs as evidence is ________.

authentication

) Responding officers should be prepared to ________ investigators and other authorized personnel when they arrive on the scene.

brief

A(n) ________ is commonly used for isolating gases or liquids from complex solutions and is generally used for analysis of illicit drugs, plastics, and explosives.

chromatograph

Most chemical agents are seized by law enforcement officers in connection with ________ drug manufacturing operations.

clandestine

The ________ interview technique is used to elicit information from victims and witnesses.

cognitive

A ________ handwriting exemplar is a sample of the suspect's handwriting that was not written for the purpose of examination and is not evidence in the crime under investigation.

collected

A(n) ________ is an oral or written acknowledgement of guilt by a suspect, often including details about the crime.

confession

The same type of instrument used for the document questioned should be furnished to the suspect for the ________ exemplar.

control

The ________ method of sketching uses the practice of measuring an object from two fixed points of reference.

coordinate

The ________ method is used in outdoor crime scene searches.

cross-projection

In all forms of life, the basis for difference lies in the genetic material known as ________ acid (DNA).

deoxyribonucleic

Prevention through ________ is sometimes achieved by arresting the criminal and by aggressive prosecution.

deterrence

After a warrant has been issued, it should be ________ promptly.

executed

One method of developing an idea of the suspect's general description is to have the witness provide information to a police artist so that a ________ composite can be generated.

facial

If a degree of ________ develops in the person being interviewed, he or she may withhold information.

fear

Initially, the Bill of rights applied only to the manner in which the ________ government operated within the justice system.

federal

Tools, tires, feet, and teeth can all make ________.

impressions

The ________ response to a call by the responding officer is a critical phase of any criminal investigation.

initial

Case ________ is the process of determining whether or not there are discrete connections between two or more previously unrelated cases through crime scene analysis.

linkage

The ________ style interrogation is usually used in cases in which the evidence seems to be overwhelming and the investigator tries to appeal to the suspect's sense of logic.

logical

The object portrayed in a photo must be ________ and relevant to the case at hand.

materiality

The determination regarding the death of the victim and circumstances surrounding the death are typically made by the ________ examiner.

medical

When conducting the walkthrough, a slow and ________ approach is recommended. Answer: methodical

methodical

Officers should not construe the follow-up investigation as a ________ reflection on their investigative abilities.

negative

A(n) ________ canvass can have significant impact on the outcome of an investigation and should be taken seriously and not performed haphazardly.

neighborhood

In England, the first police worked only at ________ and were originally called the Watch of London.

night

Terry stops must be brief and under ________ minutes.

ninety

Field ________ are only a means to aid an investigator's recall at the time he or she prepares the official detailed investigative report.

notes

Notorious ________ gangs of the Old West have interested people for decades.

outlaw

When a latent print is clearly visible, it should be ________ before any attempts are made to develop it.

photographed

The video recording process should precede the taking of still ________.

photographs

Proper use of a ________ can help investigators determine a suspect's guilt or innocence.

polygraph

In documenting interviews, ________ information is data that included the time an manner in which the complaint was received, the location, time and nature of the crime, and the full identification of the victim.

preliminary

In most situations, the precursory investigative phase is known as the ________ investigation.

preliminary

Research has shown that during simultaneous lineups, witnesses use ________ judgement.

relative

Researchers suggest that the investigative process is a valid utility in crime detention but should be augmented by the use of ________ patrol programs.

proactive

Because of television crime dramas, jurors today expect more categorical ________ than forensic science is capable of delivering.

proof

The RAND study recommended that police investigations need to coordinate more closely with ________.

prosecutors

The ________ documents laboratory function examines and compares data appearing on paper and other evidentiary materials.

questioned

The ________ response addresses crimes that have already occurred.

reactive

The Supreme Court has ruled that for the use of deadly force by police to be lawful, it must be ________.

reasonable

Frequently the investigator will choose to ________ a statement made by a suspect.

record

The ________ interview technique has the advantage of eliciting responses from witnesses or victims that are free from interviewer bias and require little formal training for the interviewer.

think-aloud

Deductive reasoning is sometimes referred to as ________-down logic.

top

Anticipatory warrants are based on an affidavit showing probable cause to believe at some future time a crime will occur, and the warrant is not executed until a(n) ________ condition occurs.

triggering

It is essential that all relevant facts and details be presented in a(n) ________ manner without any indication of the officer's feelings or opinions about the case.

unbiased

If an officer searches without a search warrant, there is a legal presumption that the search is ________.

unconstitutional

The only fingerprint patterns needed for classification purposes are loops and ________.

whorls