Criminal Justice Chapter 1

Due Process Model

A criminal justice model that places primacy on the right of the individual to be protected from the power of the government

Crime Control Model

A criminal justice model that places primary emphasis on the right of society to be protected from crime and violent criminals.

Psychoactive Drugs

A drug that affects the brain causing changes in emotions perceptions and behavior

Federalism

A form of government in which a written constitution provides for a division of powers between a central government and several regional governments

Street Gangs

A group of people usually three or more who share a common identity and engage in illegal activities.

Drug

Any substance that modifies psychological or social behavior in particular an illegal substance with those properties.

Deviance

Behavior that does not conform to the norms of a given community or society

Criminal Justice System

The interlocking network of law enforcement agencies, courts, and corrections institutions designed to enforce criminal laws and protect society from criminal behavior

Organized Crime

illegal acts by illegal organization usually geared toward satisfying the public's demand for unlawful and good services.

The "Wedding Cake" Model

the prevailing os informal approach to criminal justice creates a situation in which all cases are not treated equally

Sexual assault

(Rape) referring to coerced actions of a sexual nature against an unwilling participant.

Homeland security

A concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States

Gun Control

Efforts by government to regulate or control the sale of guns

Larceny

Pocket picking, shop-lifting, and the stealing of any property , that is not accomplished by force are covered by laws against larceny

Public Order Crimes

Public drunkness,prostitution, gambling or public drug use, these crimes are sometimes referred to as victimless crimes because they usually harm only the offender.

Crime

Punishable under criminal law as determined by the majority or, in some cases by a powerful minority. considered an offense again society as a whole a prosecuted by public officials not by victims and their relatives or friends. Punishable by statutorily determined sanctions that bring about the loss of personal freedom or life

Burglary

Refers to an act of unlawfully entering a structure with the intention of committing a serious crime such as theft

Discretions

The ability to make operational decisions based on personal judgement instead of formal rules or official information.

Civil rights

The personal rights and protections guaranteed by the constitution particularly the bill of rights.

Robbery

The taking of funds, personal property or any other article of value from a person by means of force or fear,

Murder

The unlawful killing of a human being

Terrorism

The use of violence to achieve political objectives.

White Collar Crimes

Used to describe an illegal act or series of acts committed by an individual or business entity using some nonviolent means to obtain a personal or business advantage

Consensus model

rest on assumption that s people gather together to form a society, it's members will naturally come to an agreement with regard to shared norms and values

Assault and battery

two separate acts that cover situations in which one person physically attacks another, or through threats intentionally leads another to be physically harmed