Criminology Final Exam

A large investment company has used the money that its clients entrusted them with to buy risky stock instead of the bonds that it promised. Unfortunately, the stock they invested in lost money. During the shareholders meeting, the company provides statements showing a modest gain on bonds. What kind of crime is this company committing?

fraud

Jamal looks up to his father, a police officer, more than anyone in the world. He wants to follow in his father's footsteps by becoming a police officer as well. Jamal studies hard in school and volunteers after school in the community. What is the FIRST goal that Jamal needs to reach to pursue his dream of becoming a police officer?

graduate from high school

Because of the neighborhood in which he grew up, Angel is bilingual. He is familiar with many known in his neighborhood to deal drugs. Angel has successfully finished his time on probation as a new police officer and would like to try his hand in a special division of the police force. Considering his background, what specialty would Angel MOST likely find appealing?

narcotics

Already in trouble at just 19 years of age, Emma is sent to a special facility to learn to become a better citizen. When she arrives, she is assigned to a section, given work to do, and told that if she behaved, she would get a better bed and more outside time. In what facility does Emma MOST likely find herself?

reformatory

A man involved in a violent assault one night at a bar is sentenced to anger management classes. The judge explains that it is not unusual for a man to get in a fight over a sports team but that the man must learn to control his temper before he commits a more serious crime. What goal of law enforcement does the judge's explanation cover?

rehabilitation

An example of police-community relations programs is Neighborhood Watch.

False

Aliyah is convicted of fraud and sentenced to house arrest. She is only allowed to go to work and back. Aliyah must be home by 7 pm. To make sure that she is following the rules, the judge orders passive electronic monitoring. What form does this MOST likely take?

GPS

Riley, who is three years old, has never met her dad since he was sent to the state penitentiary for check fraud just after she was born. He was sentenced to five years for his part in the scam. One day when she returns from daycare, he is waiting there to meet her. What MOST likely happened to Riley's father?

He was released early on parole

Marko and his son have been breaking into homes all over the county. Finally arrested by the police, Marko faces charges for burglary. His son is also charged but will be tried separately from Marko in juvenile court. Marko is found guilty of the crime. What will MOST Likely happen to Marko's son?

He will be found 'delinquent' of the crime.

Damian owns a small business with about 20 employees. He knows that pilferage can cost his company a lot over the course of a year, even if it is just small things. What is the MOST effective way for Damian to prevent his employees from stealing?

Report any missing items immediately to law enforcement.

. Sara does not often ask questions about her father's past. He emmigrated to the United States and tells her that the man he was before did bad things. Sara sometimes wonders about the tattoos that cover much of her father's body. She is thankful that he works hard, taking care of his family. Her mother says that in the past, Sara's father was part of an organized crime syndicate. What criminal organization did Sara's father MOST likely belong to?

Somali pirates

A small city has decided that members of a group must register in order to approach people asking for signatures against the building of a local oil refinery. The group says that this violates their First Amendment rights and files a lawsuit against the city. Since this argument involves interpreting the Constitution, what court will the case MOST likely end up in?

Supreme Court of the United States

After a famous organized crime boss is convicted of racketeering, their attorney vows that the District Court made a mistake. As the crime boss begins to serve their sentence, the attorney files paperwork to have the facts reexamined. What court would MOST likely find this case on their docket?

Supreme Court of the United States

What element is different about a corporate crime, as opposed to an occupational crime?

The crime affects more than a few people.

When Sutherland first coined the term 'white-collar crime' he said that there were two qualifications for a crime to be classified as white-collar. The first is that the perpetrator must be of "high social status." What was the second qualification?

The crime had to be related to the person's occupation.

What is the effect of fines on companies who are found guilty of price fixing?

The fine is a penalty that causes most of them to go out of business.

What affect did the prohibition of legal alcohol sales have on organized crime groups in cities like Chicago?

The groups became rich by manufacturing and supplying illegal alcohol.

An elderly crime boss was finally convicted after years of investigation by the FBI. When it was time for sentencing, his lawyer submits the man's medical records, showing how frail his condition is. He makes the argument that jail would be too difficult for the man to handle and asks that he be allowed to wear an electronic monitoring device so that he can stay in the care of his daughter and doctors. What is this punishment called?

house arrest

While the average prisoner costs $20,000 to house, those in maximum security can cost up to $80,000 per year.

True

During voir dire, the defense attorney asks the prospective jurors if anyone knows the defendant or victim personally. One juror raises their hand and explains that the victim is their next-door neighbor. What action will the defense attorney MOST likely take?

Use a preemptory challenge on this juror.

What would fall into the category of police subculture?

a fundraiser for underprivileged children organized at the station

The defendant has the option of a trial by jury or by judge.

True

The police may decide not to continue an investigation if they do not have a witness willing to testify.

True

On average, how many cases do most probation officers have to keep track of at one time?

100

What percentage of Americans has tried an illegal drug at some point in their life?

46 percent

Which would be an example of a Professional Occupational Crime?

A doctor's office bills the state insurance company for patients that were not treated.

What was the idea behind European workhouses?

Criminals could be rehabilitated by learning new skills.

Ivy has been convicted of driving while intoxicated. The judge is trying to decide her sentence. What fact might MOST influence the judge to put Ivy on probation instead of sending her to prison?

Ivy has no criminal record

When Edwin Sutherland closely examined companies in the United States, what was he surprised to find?

Many times, when companies violated the law, it was intentional.

Olivia is an elderly lady who calls her police department to report that her neighbor keeps putting his trash can out too early. She says that the sound of the can rolling down the driveway wakes her up every morning. She wants an officer to come out to investigate. In order to follow up, an officer is sent to check on Olivia and her neighbor. What is MOST likely going to happen next?

Nothing, since trash can roll out time is not criminal activity.

Under pressure to open new accounts, a bank employee creates savings accounts in the names of current customers. The accounts are small, and a fee is deducted from their current accounts to cover the new savings. This allows the employee to show 100 new accounts opened for the month and nets the bank $1000 in fees. What kind of crime is this an example of?

Organizational Occupational Crime

What do some criminologists feel might be a drawback to privatization of prisons?

The prison system might begin to cut corners on care to save money.

Which would be an example of an Organizational Occupational Crime?

The regional manager of a janitorial supply company slyly bills his customers $10 more per visit, boosting his branch's profit.

In looking back, what fact might make some question the execution of those who were found guilty during the Salem Witch Trials?

The trials and executions were carried out quickly without much deliberation or investigation.

While investigating a case involving a stolen dog, police receive a tip about a woman on the street who has been seen trying to lure dogs into her yard with treats. The police go to the woman's house to speak to her. When she answers the door, police hear barking from the back of the house. They ask the woman to show them who is barking. Before she can answer, the stolen dog bounds out of the kitchen toward the officers. They arrest the woman for theft and take her to the police station. Immediately, officers begin to question the woman, who eventually confesses to stealing the dog. Once she is charged, though, she pleads not guilty. Her lawyer says that her confession does not matter because the police missed an important procedure during the case. What procedure did the police MOST likely forget?

They did not read the woman her Miranda warning when arresting her.

Since 1900, about 23 people who were probably or certainly innocent of the crime they were convicted for have been executed by the state.

True

A convicted felon escapes from a prison facility. Police suspect that someone in the neighboring town is hiding the woman. Even after holding press conferences to plead for the public to turn her in, they are still no closer to finding the fugitive. One officer suggests that they conduct a house to house search for the fugitive because she is almost certainly hiding in one of them. The sergeant explains that searching every citizen's home without probable cause would be against the law. The officer retorts that the most important thing is to get the dangerous woman back in prison where she belongs, for the protection of all the citizens. What model of criminal justice would you say the officer MOST likely believes in?

crime control

A four-year-old girl is missing, and police are interrogating a suspect that they are sure knows of her whereabouts. The suspect refuses to disclose any information, citing his right to remain silent. Frustrated, the police decide that if they put some pressure on the suspect by using their bully sticks to beat him, he will eventually turn over the information. It might result in some broken bones for the suspect but if he gives up the girl's location, it will save her. Their superior reminds them that it would be illegal to torture the suspect for information. His officers comply but complain about the law. With what model of criminal justice would the police officers' ideas MOST closely align?

crime control

If an offender has committed a crime so serious that they are deemed a danger to society, what is the most extreme form of incapacitation they can be given?

death penalty

Theodore faces charges resulting from a late-night fight in a bar. He has been remanded until trial. His lawyer assures him that once a jury hears the facts, Theodore will be sent home. In the meantime, he must just be patient. In what kind of facility does Theodore MOST likely find himself?

detention facility

The Innocence Project, founded in 1992, uses newly discovered DNA testing and other investigation to uncover new evidence in crimes where a defendant claims to have been unjustly convicted. They fight against the use of tactics like jailhouse informants, false confessions, and eyewitness misidentification to ultimately convict someone of a crime. What model of criminal justice would you say that The Innocence Project believes in?

due process

Which official does NOT work in the criminal justice system?

emergency room physician

In what way does the criminal justice system teach morality?

by establishing a line between right and wrong

Damian has been released from prison on parole. He is working at an auto repair shop as a mechanic and checks in with his parole officer once a week. Unfortunately, Damian's parole officer must revoke his parole. What did Damian MOST likely do to experience this?

committed another crime

Norfolk, Virginia has a program where citizens volunteer to be 'ambassadors' in the downtown area. These volunteers wear special vests identifying themselves and perform regular walks through the streets. They provide directions to tourists and help homeless find information about shelters and soup kitchens in the area. If something or someone causes a disturbance, the ambassadors are the first ones who attempt to deescalate the situation. What kind of police program is this an example of?

community policing program

Naomi was convicted of assault after an argument with her housekeeper. The judge ordered that she spend 20 hours working on a crew picking up trash along the side of a busy highway. What is this punishment called?

community service

Psychiatrist Nala is currently listening to the facts of an old case. She and her colleagues listen as a lawyer explains how the person who was convicted has changed their bad behavior. She hears statements from the victim about how they would feel if the convict was released. She reads reports from personnel describing cafeteria altercations and time spent in solitary confinement. What position in the justice system is Nala MOST likely filling at this point?

parole board member

Jack is convicted of second-degree murder and sentenced to incarceration. He is handcuffed and carried off to the facility where he will be spending the next 30 years of his life. As he arrives, he looks up at the imposing building, with high walls around it and guard towers. He is led down a narrow hallway full of cells until the guard pushes him into an empty one. It is cold and damp. Jack is to be locked up in this cell so that he can think about his crime. In what facility does Jack MOST likely find himself?

penitentiary

Avery was convicted of shoplifting and fraud. It was her first offense and she begged the judge to give her another chance to straighten her life out. As part of the terms of Avery's sentence, she must check in every Thursday with Gianna. Gianna is in the process of helping Avery get into a GED program at the local community college. She says that this will allow Avery to find a job that pays a little better, providing a steadier income for her family. Gianna also reports to the court about Avery's behavior during this time period. What position in the justice system does Gianna MOST likely hold?

probation officer

Manuel's father likes to play poker with his friends. He has become extremely good at it and soon gets a reputation for being a challenging opponent. Someone invites Manuel's father to a private poker game in which every person must put up $10,000 just to play. Manuel's father is warned not to talk about the game because it is against the law. What kind of criminal activity does this high-stake poker game fall under?

public order crime

After standing trial for multiple muggings, Zeke is given a jail sentence of two years in prison. The judge says that Zeke is a menace to the public, and it is his duty to make sure that the public is kept safe from Zeke's future actions. What goal of law enforcement does the judge's reason cover?

punishment

An internet provider has been the only one available in the county for many years. A small startup has recently opened, offering customers internet at a much lower rate. The original internet provider buys the building that is being rented by the startup and raises their rent to an unfair amount. This makes it impossible for the startup to stay in business. If brought to the attention of authorities, what kind of crime would the company MOST likely be accused of?

restraint of trade

An offender would MOST likely be given probation if they committed which crime?

shoplifting

During police academy, prospective officers are trained in a variety of subjects. One such subject is search and seizure. For what reason is this MOST likely included in the curriculum?

so that officers know how to conduct searches legally

In what situation might officers be accused of racial profiling?

stopping only African American males to search for a stolen gun

What facts would a parole board be MOST interested in during a parole hearing?

the good behavior of the inmate while incarcerated

Whether a teenager is tried in juvenile or adult court depends on what?

the maximum age for juveniles in their state

Because drug cartels in countries like Columbia move their products to other areas like Mexico and the United States, what kind of crime are they committing?

transitional organizational crime

In a facility for violent offenders, James holds classes twice a week on growing bonsai trees. He shows the inmates how to patiently care for these unique plants. Many of the men who attend James's classes say that taking care of their plants makes them happy. What kind of rehabilitation is James involved in?

wellness