Critical Thinking Ch.1
Warranted Assumptions
Assumptions in which we have good reason to hold them.
Wishful hinking
Believing something because it makes one feel good, not because there is a good reason for thinking that it is true.
Sociocentrism
Group-centered thinking.( Can hinder rational thinking by focusing excessively on the group)
Hasty generalization
In which one draws a conclusion about the large class of things from a small sample.
Conformism
Refers to our tendency to follow the crowd, that is to conform (often unthinkingly) to authority or group standards of conduct and belief.
Unwarranted Assumptions
Something taken for granted without good reason.
Assumption
Something we take for granted, something we believe to be true without any proof or conclusive evidence.
Sterotype
The assumption that individual people have all been stamped from one plate.
Critical Thinking
The general term given to a wide range of cognitive skills and intellectual dispositions needed to effectively identity, analyze, and evaluate arguments and truth claims; to discover and overcome personal preconceptions and biases; to formulate and present convincing reasons in support of conclusions; and to make reasonable, intelligent decisions about what to believe and what to do.
Self-interested thinking
The tendency to accept and defend beliefs that harmonize with one's self-interest.
Self-serving bias
The tendency to overate oneself--to see oneself as better in some respect than one actually is.
Group Bias
The tendency to see one's own group as being inherently better than others.
Egocentrism
The tendency to see reality as centered on oneself.
Relativism
The view that truth is a matter of opinion.
Cultural Relativism
The view that truth is a matter of social or cultural opinion.
Moral subjectivism
The view that what is morally right and good for an individual, A, is whatever A believes is morally right and good.
Cultural moral relativism
The view that what is morally right and good for an individual, A, is whatever A's society or culture believes is morally right and good.