Critical Thinking Wk 1
A course in critical thinking can improve students' ability to____
All of these answers are correct
Relativism_____
All of these answers are correct
A course in critical thinking can improve students' ability to____
All of these answers are correct.
Critical thinking is marked by_____
All of these answers are correct.
Uncritical thinkers tend to_____
All of these answers are correct.
____ is the tendency to conform, often unthinkingly, to authority or to group standards of conduct and belief.
Conformism
_____ is the general term given to a wide range of cognitive skills and intellectual dispositions needed to effectively identify, analyze, and evaluate arguments and truth claims; to discover and overcome personal preconceptions and biases; to formulate and present convincing reasons in support of conclusions; and to make reasonable, intelligent decisions about what to believe and what to do.
Critical thinking
_____ is the view that truth is a matter of social or cultural opinion.
Cultural relativism
According to Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, the availability heuristic describes the common tendency to make an estimate based on an initial starting point and then fail to adjust sufficiently from that starting point.
False
Clarity is the same thing as precision.
False
Conformism is the tendency to see one's culture or group as being better than others.
False
Egocentrism is group-centered thinking.
False
Group bias is a form of egocentrism.
False
Self-interested thinking is the tendency to see one's own group (nation, tribe, sect, peer group, etc.) as being inherently better than others.
False
Subjectivism is the view that truth is a matter of social or cultural opinion.
False
When we use the word "critical" in reference to critical thinking, we mean "negative and fault-finding.
False
When we use the word "critical" in reference to critical thinking, we mean "negative and fault-finding."
False
Wishful thinking is the tendency to accept and defend beliefs that accord with one's own self-interest.
False
The following statement is an example of_____. "This generous pension package benefits me; therefore, it's good."
self-interested thinking
Conformism is a form of_____
sociocentrism
Which of the following reflects group-centered thinking?
sociocentrism
Nina met Paul, who is from Italy, for the first time. Nina assumes that Paul must eat pizza for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Nina's thinking is an example of a________Blank.
stereotype
_____ is the view that what is morally right and good for an individual is whatever that person believes is morally right and good.
Moral subjectivism
Which of the following barriers to critical thinking is highlighted in Chapter 1?
wishful thinking
A person is guilty of practical inconsistency when he or she is hypocritical or fails to practice what he or she preaches.
True
An assumption is something we take for granted, something we accept as true without any proof or conclusive evidence.
True
College tends to emphasize higher-order thinking
True
Critical thinkers possess an integrity—a kind of integral wholeness—both in what they believe and in what they say and do
True
Egocentrism is the tendency to see reality as centered on oneself.
True
Group bias is a form of sociocentrism.
True
Logical correctness is a matter of drawing well-founded conclusions from a set of beliefs
True
Logical inconsistency involves unknowingly holding inconsistent beliefs about a particular subject.
True
Many of today's most serious social problems—climate change, unresponsive government, failing schools, a broken healthcare system, rampant gun violence, lack of affordable childcare, a shrinking middle-class, and an economy that works mostly for the wealthy, to mention just a few—have largely been caused by poor critical thinking.
True
One important critical thinking disposition is intellectual humility.
True
Relativism can lead to conflicting moral duties.
True
Relativism rules out the idea of moral progress.
True
Relativistic thinking is based on the idea that there is no objective or absolute truth because truth is simply a matter of opinion.
True
Stereotypes are generalizations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to all or virtually all members of the group, often without regard to whether such attributions are accurate.
True
Superiority bias is a form of egocentrism
True
Thinking is "fair" when it is open-minded, impartial, and free of distorting biases and preconceptions.
True
The researcher who used electrical shocks to demonstrate the power of conformism was_____
Stanley Milgram
_____ is the tendency to overrate oneself.
Superiority bias
Self-interested thinking is a form of_____
egocentrism
Amber notices that a few currency notes are missing from her purse kept on her coffee table. She immediately holds Lily, the housemaid, accountable for it because the previous house cleaner who was from the same village as Lily had stolen money from Amber's house. In this case, Amber's thought process reflects________
hasty generalization
