systems 1

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6 Different Dimensions of 4 Open Source Community Types

1. General Structure 2. Environment 3. Goals 4. Methods 5. User-Community 6. Licensing

Which of the following helps to achieve the goal of minimal user action?

all of the above

Which of the following may be created by transforming an XML document? A) a Web page B) a portable document format (PDF) file C) output for a handheld device D) All of the above.

all of the above

Which of these sorting procedures can introduce bias into information?

all of the above

Which of these is an advantage of open-ended questions? A) allows more spontaneity B) gets to the point more quickly C) makes comparing interviews easier D) saves time

allows more spontaneity

When selection is indicated for elements in the data dictionary

an IF...THEN...ELSE structure must be present in the structured English statements

Systems Analyst as Supporting Agent

an analyst draws on professional expertise concerning computer hardware and software and their uses in the business.

Which is not one of the four basic symbols used to chart data movement on data flow diagrams?

an oval

Which is not one of the four basic symbols used to chart data movement on data flow diagrams? A) an oval B) arrow C) rectangle with rounded corners D) open-ended rectangle

an oval

It is the responsibility of the ________ to translate suggestions and innovations into workable systems. A) user B) analyst C) facilitator D) manager

analyst

One distinct advantage of prototyping is that it is not necessary or desirable to build ________ for prototype purposes. A) small parts of a system B) any parts of a system C) a system diagram D) an entire working system

any parts of a system

Actor

anything that needs to interact with the system to exchange information

Probing questions: A) should be avoided, since they may make the interviewee feel that he/she is being interrogated. B) are not used when interviewing business professionals since the questioning should be strictly limited to understanding the system and business situation. C) are used to clarify, draw out and expand on the interviewee's point. D) should be done using an investigative/reporter approach.

are used to clarify, draw out and expand on the interviewee's point.

Since a single data flow may only show part of the collective data, A) the data store may be linked to several external structures defining the different data flows. B) many data flows may have to be examined to determine the contents of a data store. C) data stores must contain multiple redundant elements within repeating groups indicated by braces {}. D) an alias must be used.

Which of the following is a human need taken into account when considering the human-computer interaction a. the hardware that the system will run on b. the pleasing, aesthetic and enjoyable aspects of using the system c. the amount of training that will be required d. the kind of monitoring that will take place for the compliance

Which of the following is a human need taken into account when considering the human-computer interaction? a. the hardware that the system will run on b. the pleasing, aesthetic, and enjoyable aspects of using the system c. the amount of training that will be required d. the kind of monitoring that will take place for compliance

Which of the following is not one of the four values of the agile approach? a. communication b. expertise c. simplicity d. courage

Which of the following symbols is not used on the context level data flow diagram? a. rectangle with rounded corners b. triangle c. arrow d. shaded corner square

Which of these characteristics is most important to a systems analyst? a. communicator b. problem solver c. programmer d. project manager

A data type of ________ is used for elements that can contain any number of characters up to the limit set by the database software. A) char B) numeric C) varchar D) text

When determining the length for elements: A) look at what the current length of data is and use that value. B) use values that other corporations have for similar elements. C) figure the amount of a numeric element and add a few characters for reasonable expansion. D) keep the value for the length small to save file space.

Which of the following is a structural diagram?

class diagram

Which kind of question is easiest to analyze? A) closed B) open C) probe D) tactical

closed

Which is the biggest advantage of the data flow approach over narrative explanations?

conceptual freedom found in the use of the four symbols

When the first ________ diagram is made, inputs and outputs are specified and these remain constant throughout all of the following diagrams.

context

When the first ________ diagram is made, inputs and outputs are specified and these remain constant throughout all of the following diagrams. A) concept B) user interface C) design D) context

context

A synonym or other name for an element is called a(n): A) common element. B) structural element. C) attributive element. D) alias.

Elements on a data flow going into or out from a data store: A) must be created by the process linking to the data store. B) must be base elements. C) must be on a data flow that is input to the process that creates the output that is going to the data store. D) must be contained in the data store.

The correct determination of a(n) ________ length is important to avoid truncation. A) address B) zip code C) database D) element

The data dictionary may be used to create: A) screens. B) reports. C) forms. D) All of the above.

Which of the following may be created by transforming an XML document? A) a Web page B) a portable document format (PDF) file C) output for a handheld device D) All of the above.

A method that provides conceptional freedom for representing processes and flows in a business system is the ________.

data flow diagram

When classes are involved in inheritance, another name for a child class is

derived class

An external entity is called a source or ________ of data, and is considered to be external to the study.

destination

Which is a type of question/answer interface?

dialog box

By using combinations of only four symbols, the systems analyst is able to create a pictorial depiction of data flows that eventually can provide solid system ________.

documentation

Processes in a rectangle with rounded corners sometimes denote something other than a change in or transformation of data or a system/subsystem.

Processes that transform data should be named with a noun which indicates the data that has been transformed.

The highest level data flow diagram is called Diagram 0

Transaction files are used to link all logical data flow diagram processes.

With a top-down approach, the diagrams move from specific to general.

A constant value for an element is one that is automatically displayed on a screen to reduce the amount of keystrokes the user must make

false

A data dictionary contains information about a data flow diagram, but not entities or use cases

false

A default value is one that never changes on a report

false

Which of the following is not an advantage of using cloud services? A) maintenance and upgrades are performed by provider B) consistency over multiple platforms C) full control over hardware and software D) All of the above

full control over hardware and software

Which is not one of the top five most legible combinations of foreground lettering on background?

green on black

Which of the following fields do not take up any space on the Web page, and can contain only a name and a value?

hidden fields

Which of the following is a goal of dividing a Web site into a series of Web pages?

improve the ease of maintaining the Web site

Physical data flow diagrams:

include processes for adding, updating, changing and deleting records.

A logical data flow diagram:

is a model of how the business operates.

SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle)

is a phased approach to analysis and design which holds that systems are best developed through the use of specific cycle of analyst and user activities. Although each phase is represented discretely, it is never accomplished as a separate step. Several activities occur simultaneously.

Which is not a good guideline to use when choosing questionnaire language? A) Avoid bias in wording. B) Do not use low-level language choices. C) Keep questions general rather than specific. D) Keep questions short. E) Use respondents' language whenever possible.

keep questions general rather than specific

Which of the following is not a good situation for using video clips?

monitoring employee behaviors

Which of the following types of interface is the ideal for inexperienced users, requiring no special skills?

natural language

Unlike the decision tree used in management science, what doesn't the analyst's tree contain?

outcomes

Data flows occurring simultaneously can be depicted doing just that through the use of ________ arrows.

parallel

Which leaves a stub behind as a record when separated?

perforated form

Which of the following allow users to arrange data in any way they choose?

pivot tables

What is the middle of the process symbol used for?

process description

Which of the following is a reason why a system's analyst would want perform sampling? A) thorough collection of data B) increasing user involvement C) accuracy is not a project requirement D) reducing bias

reducing bias

Which are not useful design elements to make forms attractive?

regular spacing between lines

Planning the ________ of a Web site is one of the most important steps in developing a professional Web site

structure

Process logic may be represented as

structured English (or all of the above)

A use case

summarizes an activity, its trigger, input, and output

A clear name on a data flow diagram makes it easier to understand what the process is accomplishing.

A logical data flow diagram focuses on how the business operates.

More detail is achievable through using a process called "exploding the diagrams."

The systems analyst needs to conceptualize data flows from a top-down perspective.

Unbalanced decomposition means that the data flow to or from a parent process does not match the data flow in or out of a child diagram.

An advantage that pull technology has is:

the document may by mounted on the Web

On a sequence diagram, a lateral bar or vertical rectangle is used to represent:

the focus of control, when an object is busy doing things.

In XML, tags become the metadata

true

The data dictionary may be used to generate computer source code

true

When a V is used as a formatting character for an element, it indicates where the decimal point should occur, even though the actual decimal point is not included

true

XML is a way to define, sort, filter and translate data into a universal data language

true

A goal of producing process specifications is to

validate the system design, including data flow diagrams and the data dictionary

The degree in which the question measures what the analyst intends to measure is called: A) external consistency. B) internal consistency. C) factoring. D) validity.

validity

A CRUD matrix is used to show:

where records are updated, added, deleted or used

Each external entity is labeled with a noun a. true b. false

The ___________ is based on values, principles and core practices. A) fragile approach B) open source approach C) closed source approach D) agile approach

Agile Approach

Which of the following is not one of the four values of agile modeling? A) communication B) technical skill C) simplicity D) courage

In order to use structured English, which convention is not advisable?

Blank a line and indent blocks of statements to show their hierarchy

A method that provides conceptional freedom for representing processes and flows in a business system is the ___________ a. database b. entity-relationship diagram c. data flow diagram d. flow chart

An encyclopedia that is used to store all project information is called: A) a data dictionary. B) an upper CASE tool. C) a CASE repository. D) a lower CASE tool.

In describing data structure, braces {} are used to indicate: A) either/or alternative B) optional C) iteration D) selection

Probing questions: a. should be avoided, since they may make the interviewee feel that he/she is being interrogated b. are not used when interviewing business professionals since the questioning should be strictly limited to understanding the system and business situation c. are used to clarify, draw out, and expand in the interviewee's point d. should be done using an investigative/reporter approach

Unlike the decision tree used in management science, what doesn't the analyst's tree contain? A) decisions B) conditions C) outcomes D) actions

A crow's foot notation indicates: a. none of the other entity b. one of the other entity c. an attributive entity d. many of the other entity

As a systems analyst, you are an agent of change whenever you perform any of the activities in the systems development life cycle and are present and interacting with users and the business for an extended period of time.

FALSE

It is useful to combine conditions and actions when drawing decision trees.

FALSE

Iteration data dictionary entries become simple structured English statements in a sequence.

FALSE

Object-oriented programming is the same as traditional procedural programming in that it examines objects that are part of a system.

FALSE

Open source software is distributed for free and then users pay for updates to the software.

FALSE

Problem solving is never a good quality for a systems analyst

FALSE

Process descriptions may exist on a form but not within a CASE tool repository.

FALSE

Process specifications are always produced for input and output operations, such as a read or write operation.

FALSE

Step 1 of SDLC

Identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives.

Step 7 of SDLC

Implementing and evaluating the system.

In HCI, well-being means concern for the human's:

Physical and psychological state

A prototype that works but is inefficient is referred to as a "first-of-a-series prototype."

Which of the following is not a component of the Scrum methodology? A) product backlog B) daily scrum C) spring D) demo

Spring

Agile projects should begin with the simplest possible tasks.

18) Which of the following symbols is not used on the context level data flow diagram? A) rectangle with rounded corners B) triangle C) arrow D) shaded corner square

Triangle

Which is the correct choice?

Use decision trees when the sequence of conditions and actions is critical

In a CRUD matrix, each row represents the data stores used for each:

activity

What is not a characteristic of the ideal data dictionary? A) automated B) efficient C) interactive D) online E) evolutionary

Which of the following is used when more than one choice may be selected?

check box

Ajax is used to:

obtain data from a Web server and update the current Web form.

Which of the following is the main goal of the object-oriented approach?

reusability

In logical data flow diagrams, the type of physical storage is unspecified.

A discrete data element is one that has certain fixed values

true

Data about data is called metadata

true

4 Open Source Community Types

1. Ad Hoc 2. Standardized 3. Organized 4. Commercial

The 4 Values to the Agile Software Development Approach

1. Communication. 2. Simplicity. 3. Feedback. 4. Courage.

Developmental Process for an Agile Project

5 Steps 1. Exploration 2. Planning 3. Iterations to the first release 4. Productionizing 5. Maintenance

A CASE ________ is a large collection of records, elements, diagrams, screens, reports, and other information stored about a particular project. A) repository B) database C) flow chart D) booklet

A primitive process is: a. a process that is not exploded to a child diagram b. the central process on a context level diagram c. a process that requires two or more data flow into it d. a process that has only base elements flowing in or out of it

A(n) ________ joins two fundamental entities a. associative entity b. attributive entity c. process entity d. none of the above

After the system is installed, it must be ________, meaning that the computer programs must be modified and kept up to date. A) maintained B) replaced C) replicated D) CASE'd

All systems are composed of interrelated ___________ a. subsystems b. enterprise systems c. database systems d. design systems

As a(n) ________, an analyst draws on professional expertise concerning computer hardware and software and their uses in the business. A) supporting expert B) consultant C) programmer D) agent of change

In describing data structure, what do brackets [] represent? A) either/or alternative B) optional C) iteration D) selection

In the agile approach, __________ is determined by listening to customers and getting them to write down their stories A) scope B) perspective C) white boarding D) feedback

Input which stays within the business is called __________. A) internal input B) external input C) private input D) public input

Proper layout and __________ contribute to a form's attractiveness A) flow B) groupings C) headers D) font

Running a section of code over and over again until some condition is met is an example of a: A) loop B) IF....THEN C) DO... WHILE D) decision table

System maintenance must be performed to: A) correct software errors. B) add new features that have never been requested before. C) remove features that none of the users are using. D) keep programmers employed.

Systems that require constant updating and technical design are prone to which kind of error? A) miscommunication B) design C) coding D) documentation

The most comprehensive and responsible role that the systems analyst takes on is that of a(n) ________. A) agent of change B) compromiser C) leader D) consultant

The most prominent quality of an analyst is that of a(n) ________. A) problem solver B) consultant C) programmer D) agent of change

The written interview report a. should be written as soon as possible after the interview b. should be a transcript of the interview c. should be known to the interviewee since it may contain interview opinions that may not be perceived as favorable d. should not contain the user's name or position

Unbalanced decomposition means that the data flow to or from a parent process does not match the data flow in or out of a child diagram a. true b. false

Which is not one of the four basic symbols used to chart data movement on data flow diagrams? a. an oval b. arrow c. rectangle with rounded corners d. open-ended rectangle

Which is not one of three main advantages of a decision tree over a decision table? A) more correct as a communication tool B) sequential structure of decision tree branches C) conditions and actions of decision trees are found on some branches D) more readily understood

Which of the following is a core practice of the agile approach? A) 40-hour work week B) outsource all complex modules C) Stick to the plan, even if it behind schedule D) Programmers should be assigned individual programs based upon their abilities

Which of the following is included in a physical data structure? A) codes that identify the status of a master record B) expansion area for file records C) the type of data structure, either for a screen or report D) editing criteria for the structure

Which of the following is used when more than one choice may be selected? A) check box B) sliders C) drop-down list box D) list box E) radio button

Which of the following should be used to prepare the interviewee a. email your questions to the interviewee ahead of time so that he/she can formulate responses b. tell the interviewee the type and format of the questions c. let the interviewee know the names of other people that you have interviewed d. ask the interviewee what he/she would like to be questioned about

Which of these is an advantage of open-ended questions? a. allows more spontaneity b. gets to the point more quickly c. makes comparing interviews easier d. saves time

Which of these software packages are not open source software (OSS)? A) Microsoft Windows B) Mozilla Firefox Web browser C) Apache Web server D) a Linux operating system

_____________ forms draw people into them and encourage completion. A) Aesthetic B) Colorful C) Dull D) Long

Which of the following is not an advantage of using a logical model?

A logical model clarifies which processes are automated

A system that has all necessary features but is inefficient is an example of a ________ prototype. A) patched-up B) nonoperational C) first-of-series D) selected features

A) patched-up

An external entity may be: A) a person B) another department C) another computer system D) All of the above

All of the above

Step 3 of SDLC

Analyzing system needs.

An entity that joins two other entities is called: a. fundamental entity b. associative entity c. attributive entity d. linking entity

Software that is distributed free along with the program source code is called ________. A) closed source software B) open source software C) Microsoft Windows D) out source software

The communicates relationships handles exceptions to the basic use case a. true b. false

The excludes relationship contains a behavior that is common to more than one use case a. true b. false

The highest level data flow diagram is called Diagram 0 a. true b. false

Which graphical user interface screen element is used to perform an action (such as click) A) check box B) command button C) drop-down list box D) list box E) radio button

Which is not one of the top five most legible combinations of foreground lettering on background? A) black on yellow B) green on black C) blue on white D) white on blue E) yellow on black

Which of the following does not necessarily need to be considered when building a Web Site? A) structure B) HTML expertise C) graphics D) navigation E) promotion

Which of these characteristics is most important to a systems analyst? A) communicator B) problem solver C) programmer D) project manager

_____________ software, such as Microsoft products or PeopleSoft may be used for prototyping A) POTS B) COTS C) DOTS D) MOTS

________ software, such as Microsoft products or PeopleSoft may be used for prototyping. A) POTS B) COTS C) DOTS D) MOTS

B) COTS

A zero on a relationship line indicates a. that the relationship line is undefined b. the absence of any well-defined entities c. that none is possible for the next relationship d. that the relationship should be used to create an associative entity

In general, if many people need copies of output, which of these is the best alternative? A) audio B) CD ROM C) Web-based documents D) display screen

In order to build decision tables, what does the analyst not need to do? A) Eliminate any impossible situations B) Simplify the table as much as possible C) Determine the minimum size of the table D) Eliminate inconsistencies

Maintenance is performed: A) to correct software errors. B) to enhance the system and its capabilities in response to changing organizational needs. C) Both A and B. D) Neither A nor B.

Which is not a good guideline to use when choosing questionnaire language? a. avoiding bias in wording b. do not use low-level language choices c. keep questions general rather than specific d. keep questions short e. use respondents' language whenever possible

Which of the following is not an advantage of using joint Application Design (JAD)? a. users have improved ownership of the system b. the time to develop the system is reduced c. JAD works independent of organizational culture d. JAD helps to generate new ideas

Which of these interview structures begins with the general and ends with the specific? a. circle b. diamond c. funnel d. pyramid

Which of these is used to depict a relationship in an entity relationship diagram a. triangle b. square c. crow's foot line d. rectangle

________ is an approach that is intended to facilitate the development of systems that must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments. A) Agile method B) Systems development life cycle C) Object-oriented analysis and design D) Open source approach

Which of the following statements is not a principle of agile modeling? A) "Travel light." B) "Model with a purpose." C) "Code for tomorrow." D) "Software is your primary goal."

C) "Code for tomorrow."

The first step of prototyping is to estimate the ________ involved for building system modules. A) time B) programmers C) costs D) skills

C) costs

It has been noted that dividing up groups and setting up barriers often introduces: A) scrum. B) dysfunctional pair-programming teams. C) errors. D) redundant code for modules

C) errors.

Users' roles in prototyping can be summed up in two words: honest ________. A) engagement B) interaction C) involvement D) exchange

C) involvement

A system for which only input and output are prototyped is called a ________. A) first-of-series B) patched-up C) nonoperational D) selected features

C) nonoperational

Inheritance Relationship

Common behavior of 2 actors initiating the same use case is extrapolated and assigned to a new abstract actor to reduce redundancy

What are the four values of the agile approach?

Communication, Simplicity, Feedback, Courage.

A logical data flow diagram: a. includes types of programs, such as online as batch b. is a model of how the system will be implemented c. does not include any primitive processes d. is a model of how the business operates

If output is to be frequently accessed, which is the best alternative? A) audio B) CD ROM C) printer D) display screen or Web

In designing a GUI screen, a default value of a data element can be displayed on: A) drop-down lists B) radio buttons C) check boxes D) all of the above

Process logic may be represented as: A) structured English B) a decision table C) a decision tree D) All of the above

The ________ is based on values, principles and core practices. A) fragile approach B) open source approach C) closed source approach D) agile approach

The agile approach and the ________ approach both allow subsystems to be built one at a time until the entire system is complete. A) systems development life cycle B) unified modeling C) try and try again D) object-oriented

When program software is distributed free with the code or computer instructions available for anyone to modify, it is called: A) freeware. B) code independent software. C) a distributed system. D) open source software.

When the data flow in and out of a parent process do not match the data flow in or out of a child diagram, it is called: a. primitive process b. a disordered pair c. a logical data flow diagram d. unbalanced decomposition

Which of the following is not an advantage of using a logical model? a. system based on a logical model is more stable b. the logical model helps the analyst understand the business being studied c. it facilitates communication with the users d. a logical model clarifies which processes are automated

Which of the following is not an example of a keyword for structured English? A) IF B) DO C) PERFORM D) IS LIKE

Which of the following is not one of the basic structures used to code computer programs? A) sequential structure B) decision structure C) iteration structure D) computation

Which of the following is used to select data that is mutually exclusive A) check box B) text box C) text area D) radio button

________ are those for which the conditions, condition alternatives, actions, and action rules can be determined. A) Useful decisions B) Sequential decisions C) System-wide decisions D) Structured decisions

In agile development ________ are on spoken interaction between developers and users, not on written communication. A) design B) documentation C) feedback D) stories

D) stories

When iteration is indicated for an element or a group of elements in the data dictionary

DO WHILE, DO UNTIL, or PERFORM UNTIL structured English statements must be included

Step 4 of SLDC

Designing the recommended system.

The elements that make up an organizational system are called ________. A) entities B) events C) factors D) relationships

Entities

) Prototyping is best applied late in the systems development life cycle.

A systems analyst should never draw on professional expertise concerning computer hardware and software and their uses in the business.

FALSE

After a system is implemented, businesses spend little money on system maintenance

FALSE

All the process specifications for the entire data flow diagram are consolidated and included in the specification packet given to the computer programmer.

FALSE

Use decision trees when there are many repetitious actions.

FALSE

Use decision trees when you require a method that effectively avoids impossible situations, redundancies and contradictions.

FALSE

Use structured English when complex combinations of conditions, actions, and rules are found.

FALSE

Use structured English when not every condition is relevant to every action.

FALSE

User involvement throughout the systems project is of little importance in the successful development of business information systems.

FALSE

List four of the seven phases of the systems development life cycle.

Identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives - Determining human information requirements - Analyzing system needs - Designing the recommended system - Developing and documenting software - Testing and maintaining the system - Implementing and evaluating the system

Which of the following is not an advantage of using a physical model?

It is easier to create compared with the logical model.

A crow's foot notation indicates: A) none of the other entity. B) one of the other entity. C) an attributive entity. D) many of the other entity.

Many of the other entity

When program software is distributed free with the code or computer instructions available for anyone to modify, it is called: A) freeware B) code independent software C) a distributed system D) open source software

Open source software

What is open source software?

Software available for free, anyone can modify it.

A risk to the adoption of agile methodologies for organizations is the cost involved in education and training of systems analysts and programmers in the new approach.

Agile methods are a collection of innovative, user-centered approaches to systems development

Source code is the basis for a living system.

Process logic may be represented as either structured English, a decision table, a decision tree, or a formula.

TRUE

When implementing a new system, it is always best to incorporate Human-Computer Interaction considerations.

TRUE

Step 6 of SDLC

Testing and maintaining the system.

What are the four values of the agile approach?

The four values of the agile approach are communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.

Processes on a data flow diagram: A) transform incoming data into outgoing information. B) represent the system boundaries. C) represent the work that a specific user performs. D) change the nature of the relationships on a entity-relationship diagram.

Transform incoming data into outgoing information

Objects are part of a general concept called classes

True

T/F: More detail is achievable through using a process called "exploding the diagrams."

True

T/F: One reason that prototyping is useful is that user requirements are likely to change over time.

True

T/F: Preconditions are the state of the system before the use case may be performed.

True

T/F: Prototyping is very useful for eliciting user suggestions about changing the prototyped system.

True

T/F: Some prototypes are nonworking models.

True

T/F: Stratification is the process of identifying subpopulations (or strata) and then selecting objects or people for sampling within these subpopulations.

True

T/F: The value of a fishbone diagram is to systematically list all of the problems that can occur.

True

T/F: The word agile in agile modeling implies maneuverability.

True

T/F: User reactions to prototyping can be gathered through observation, interviews, and questionnaires.

True

Object-oriented approaches use the industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems, called ________ to break down a system into a use case model. A) Extensible Markup Language (XML) B) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) C) Unified Modeling Language (UML) D) Vector Markup Language (VML)

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

UML

Unified Modeling Language, (O-OS)-Object Oriented System.

What are the three parts of a use case scenario that are always described?

Use Case (name), Actor, Relationships

In general, if many people need copies of output, which of these is the best alternative?

Web-based documents

The most prominent quality of an analyst is that of a(n) a. problem solver b. consultant c. programmer d. agent of change

What does this symbol represent [ ]? A) either/or situation B) optional C) iteration D) selection

Which of the following is a more precise way to define the content of an XML document? A) a schema B) a document attribute list C) an ID REF, listing the identifiable elements of a document D) an XML repository specifications document

A primitive process is:

a process that is not exploded to a child diagram.

a schema

On an activity diagram, what is used to show partitioning?

a swimlane

What is a hyperlink?

a text field or image that allows the user to obtain additional text relating to the link field.

What should be created each time data must be obtained from an external partner?

a unique Web form and DFD process to validate and process the data

Which of these software packages are not open software source? a. Microsoft windows b. Mozilla Firefox web browser c. Apache web server d. a Linux operating system

a. Microsoft Windows

In a CRUD matrix, each row represents the data stores used for each: A) process. B) database table. C) data flow child diagram. D) activity.

activity

List four criteria for evaluating computer hardware for purchase.

- Time req. for avg. transactions - Volume capacity of system - Idle time of CPU/Network - Size of memory provided

Describe each of the four data items that can be symbolized on a data flow diagram?

> Arrow - data flow > Rounded rectangle - process data > Open rectangle - data store > square - entity

A question for which there are only two possible responses, e.g., yes or no, is known as a ___________ question a. bipolar b. closed c. open d. logical

A rectangle with rounded corners is used to show the occurrence of a transforming process a. true b. false

A use case model describes what a system does without describing how the system does it a. true b. false

An example of an ___________ question is "Explain how you make a purchasing decision" a. open-ended b. closed-ended c. true/false d. multiple choice

What is a reference work of data about data compiled by systems analysts? A) data dictionary B) data flow diagrams C) structured analysis D) design

What is the type of data flow that contains data that are used between processes is called: A) internal B) derived C) base D) iterative

When doing pair programming, which person(s) chooses a partner programmer? A) the programmers B) management C) the project leaders D) the project team

When drawing the decision tree, systems analysts do not have to identify: A) all outcomes B) all actions C) the order D) all conditions

Which of the following do not describe how analysts use CASE tools? A) decrease maintenance costs B) increase productivity C) communicate more effectively with users D) integrate the work that they do on the system from the beginning to the end of the life cycle

Which of the following is not a dimension used to categorize an open source community? A) programming style B) environment C) user community D) licensing

With a _______ approach, the diagrams move from general to specific a. top-down b. bottom-up c. management-centered d. employee-centered

) An example of ________ prototyping is building the first airplane of a series and then seeing if it flies before building a second. A) first-of-series B) patched-up C) nonoperational D) selected features

A) first-of-series

A regional blood inventory system that is instituted in one regional hospital with plans to install the system in the remaining hospitals is an example of a ________ prototype. A) first-of-series B) patched-up C) nonoperational D) selected features

A) first-of-series

When prototyping, it is essential that analysts work in ________ modules. A) manageable B) small C) large D) global

A) manageable

Systems that require constant updating and technical design are prone to which kind of error? A) miscommunication B) design C) coding D) documentation

A) miscommunication

Building a ________ of information systems is a useful technique for quickly gathering information requirements. A) prototype B) system design C) lifecycle D) maintenance agreement

A) prototype

An advantage of prototyping is tied to the fact that user ________ change over time. A) requirements B) needs C) populations D) feelings

A) requirements

) In the agile approach, ________ is determined by listening to customers and getting them to write down their stories. A) scope B) perspective C) whiteboarding D) feedback

A) scope

Which of these is not an advantage of prototyping? A) affords opportunity to change the system early in its development B) buffers users against computer malfunctioning C) helps prevent the adoption of inadequate systems D) presents more opportunities to improve the user's needs and expectations

Which of these is not used by analysts when adopting CASE tools? A) communicating more effectively with users B) expediting the local area network C) increasing productivity D) integrating the work done during life cycle stage

Which of these reports describe output produced when certain conditions occur? A) detailed B) exception C) historical D) summary

Which structure should be used when you want to warm up the interviewee to a topic? a. funnel b. pyramid c. diamond d. oval

An example of ________ prototyping is programming a working model that has all the necessary features but is inefficient. A) first-of-series B) patched-up C) nonoperational D) selected features

B) patched-up

A goal of producing process specifications is to: A) reduce process interactions B) build technical specifications for a specific computer language C) validate the system design, including data flow diagrams and the data dictionary D) Design computer input and output processes

An entity that describes attributes such as repeating groups in called a. fundamental entity b. associative entity c. attributive entity d. external entitiy

Object-oriented approaches use what industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems? A) artificial intelligence B) a distributed system C) the unified modeling language D) multiview

What is the middle (i.e., label) of the process symbol used for? a. process sequence b. identifying number c. process description d. process implementation

Which of the following is not a basic activity of agile development? A) coding B) listening C) documenting D) designing

) Which of the following is not a basic activity of agile development? A) coding B) listening C) documenting D) designing

C) documenting

A template that the analyst may use when beginning to model or talk about the system from an O-O perspective is called a

CRC card

Which of the following is not one of the six most commonly used UML diagrams

CRC card relationship diagram

An integrated organizational information system is called a(n) a. virtual organization b. open system c. interrelated external entity d. enterprise resource planning system

In agile development _________ are derived by spoken interaction between developers and users, not on written communication A) design B) documentation C) feedback D) stories

The four values of the agile approach are: A) communication, simplicity, user centered design and courage. B) communication, courage, principals and core practices. C) communication, values, feedback, and courage. D) communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.

Which of the following is not one of the main problems that can occur in developing decision tables A) incompleteness B) impossible situations C) contradictions D) too many conditions

Which of these sorting procedures can introduce bias into information? A) alphabetical B) chronological C) cost D) All of the above E) none of the above

Which of these is not an objective of designing output? A) provide appropriate output distribution B) Choose the most effective output method C) Design output to serve a specific purpose D) Provide the output on time E) Sell the user on current forms

Each phase of the system development life cycle is accomplished as a discrete, separate step

FALSE

If communication is unimportant, structured English is a viable alternative for decision analysis.

FALSE

It is the drawing of diagrams rather than in their modification that CASE tools excel over the use of templates.

FALSE

The second phase of the systems development life cycle begins with the documentation of the software being designed.

FALSE

The use of diagrams makes the decision tree more readable when one thinks of a circle as signifying IF when the square means THEN.

FALSE

Use decision tables when there are many repetitious actions.

FALSE

Use decision trees when communication to end users is important.

FALSE

Use decision trees when not every condition is relevant to every decision.

FALSE

T/F: Prototypes that are full-scaled and installed at one location with the intention of later implementation at other locations are referred to as "selected features prototypes."

False

T/F: Tangible costs include losing a competitive edge, losing the reputation for being first with an innovation or the leader in a field, declining company image due to increased customer dissatisfaction, and ineffective decision making due to untimely or inaccessible information.

False

Which of the following is a guideline for the HCI approach to system design?

Identify what obstacles exist for users in their attempts to accomplish their assigned tasks

________ can replace a series of one-on-one interviews. A) Joint Application Design B) Group interviews C) Email questionnaires D) Online surveys

Joint Application Design

What is open source software?

OSS is software where many users and programmers can study, share, and modify the code, or computer instructions.

Which of these characteristics is the most important to a systems analyst? A) Communicator B) Problem Solver C) Programmer D) Project Manager

Problem Solver

________ on a problem definition are the things that must be accomplished. A) Results B) Issues C) Requirements D) Objectives

Requirements

Which of these is not an objective of designing output?

Sell the user on current forms

Which of the following is not a way to store and retransmit data from a Web page

Store the data in a message queue

Describe a situation in which an analyst would choose to use object-oriented systems analysis and design rather than the systems development life cycle.

Students should describe a situation in which the system to be designed must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments or are undergoing continuous maintenance, adaptation and redesign.

Analysts can best reflect all of the four values through an attitude of humility.

Feedback occurs when customers create functional tests for all of the stories that the programmers have subsequently implemented.

In agile development, onsite customers write stories and communicate to team members.

One reason that prototyping is useful is that user requirements are likely to change over time.

Pair programming means that ownership of the design or software itself is shared as in a partnership.

Pair programming means that you work with another programmer of your own choosing.

Projects that are subject to constant updating are prone to miscommunication.

Prototyping is very useful for eliciting user suggestions about changing the prototyped system.

Prototyping may be used as a replacement for the systems development life cycle.

Scrum is an agile approach based on rugby.

Some prototypes are nonworking models.

The adoption of agile methodologies carries with it the risk that systems created with them will not be successful or will not adequately interface with legacy systems.

The agile philosophy suggests that system developers create a series of deadlines for many releases of the system.

The word agile in agile modeling implies maneuverability.

Timeboxing is used in agile methodologies to encourage completion of activities in shorter periods.

User reactions to prototyping can be gathered through observation, interviews, and questionnaires.

User stories in agile development are on spoken interaction between developers and users, not on written communication.

A systems proposal is prepared after the analysis of system needs.

TRUE

All the process specifications are consolidated and included in the specification packet given to the computer programmer.

TRUE

Another way to think about HCI is to think of it as a human-centered approach that puts people ahead of organizational structure or culture when creating new systems.

TRUE

Besides the obvious advantage of clarifying the logic and relationships found in human languages, structured English has another important advantage as a communication tool.

TRUE

Business rules are the set of procedures, conditions or formulas that allow a corporation to run its business.

TRUE

CASE tools can allow the user to easily draw and modify diagrams.

TRUE

CASE tools have the potential of increasing systems analysts' productivity.

TRUE

CASE tools were created explicitly to improve an analyst's routine work through the use of automated support

TRUE

Decision trees are most often drawn on their side, with the root of the tree on the left-hand side paper, branching out to the right.

TRUE

Decision trees are useful when it is essential to keep a string of decisions in a particular sequence.

TRUE

During the life cycle of an information system, more time is spend in system maintenance than it took to design and develop the system.

TRUE

In drawing the tree, begin building from left to right while making sure you are complete in listing all possible alternatives before moving over to the right.

TRUE

In drawing the tree, identify all conditions and actions and the order and timing of these.

TRUE

In systems analysis, trees are used mainly for identifying and organizing conditions and actions in a completely structured decision process.

TRUE

In the design phase of the SDLC, the systems analyst uses the information collected earlier to accomplish the logical design of the information system.

TRUE

In the third phase of the systems development life cycle, analysts can use data flow diagrams to chart the input, processes, and output of the business functions

TRUE

It is important to develop decision tables in a logical, systematic approach.

TRUE

Object-oriented programming differs from traditional procedural programming in that it examines objects that are part of a system.

TRUE

Object-oriented techniques are used when systems must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments.

TRUE

One major advantage of using decision tables over other methods is that tables help the analyst ensure completeness.

TRUE

Process specifications show the decision-making logic and formulas necessary to transform process input data into output.

TRUE

Selection data dictionary entries become IF...THEN...ELSE structured English statements.

TRUE

The SDLC and object-oriented approaches both require extensive planning and diagramming.

TRUE

The agile approach is a software development approach based on values, principles, and core practices.

TRUE

The first phase of the systems development life cycle is critical to the success of the rest of the project.

TRUE

The four values of the agile approach are communication, simplicity, feedback and courage.

TRUE

The human-computer interaction takes into account human frustrations and feelings

TRUE

Usability heuristics include which of the following?

The match between the system and the real world.

List the three primary roles of the systems analyst

The three primary roles of the systems analyst are consultant, supporting expert, and agent of change.

Systems Analyst as Agent of Change

This is the most comprehensive and responsible role that the systems analyst takes on is that of an agent of change. You are the Agent of Change whenever you perform any of the activities in the Systems Development Life Cycle and are present and interacting with users and the business for an extended period of time (from 2 weeks to more than a year).

3. SDLC : Analyzing Systems Needs

Tools such as data flow diagrams (DFDs) to chart the input, processes, and output of the business's functions, or activity diagrams or sequence diagrams, to show the sequence of events, illustrate systems in a structured, graphical form. ~ Data Dictionary is developed here which lists all the data items used in the system, as well as their specifications. ~ Systems Analyst analyzes the structured decision that are those for which the conditions, condition alternatives, actions, and action rules can be determined. ~ Systems proposal made here that summarizes what has been found out about the users, usability, and usefulness of current systems; provides cost benefit analyses of alternatives; and makes recommendations on what (if anything) should be done.

T/F: A CRUD matrix is a tool used to represent where master files are read, updated, created, and deleted within the system.

True

T/F: A CRUD matrix shows where records are added, changed, used, and deleted from a file.

True

T/F: A use case diagram contains two main symbols, the use case and the actor.

True

T/F: A use case summarizes an event and defines one activity, its trigger, input and output.

True

T/F: Agile methods are a collection of innovative, user-centered approaches to systems development.

True

T/F: Ajax may be used to obtain data for a Web form without changing Web pages.

True

T/F: Behavior is what organizational members do.

True

T/F: COTS stands for commercial off-the-shelf and refers to software packages that are purchased.

True

T/F: Data-gathering bias can be reduced by sampling.

True

T/F: During the life cycle of an information system, more time is spent in system maintenance than it took to design and develop the system.

True

T/F: PERT is an acronym for Program Evaluation and Review Techniques.

True

T/F: Sampling helps accelerate the process by gathering selected data rather than all data for the entire population.

True

T/F: The agile philosophy suggests that system developers create a series of deadlines for many releases of the system.

True

T/F: The biggest advantage of the data flow approach lies in the conceptual freedom found in the use of the four symbols.

True

T/F: The data flow diagram graphically characterizes data processes and flows in a business system.

True

T/F: The data flow diagram may be used to analyze the proposed system.

True

A ________ is a large collection of information that is larger than a data dictionary. A) repository B) schema C) data element D) data alias

A ________ is composed of related elements. A) data structure B) data alias C) database schema D) data flow

A base element is one that: A) was initially keyed into the system. B) does not change over a period of time. C) is used within one and only one subsystem. D) is the result of a calculation or some other logic.

A data flow that contains data that are used between processes is called: A) internal. B) derived. C) base. D) iterative.

A(n) ________ is a synonym or another name for the element, used by different users of systems. A) alias B) schema C) alert D) varchar

Data stores are used to store: A) all base elements and some derived elements. B) all derived elements and some base elements. C) all base and derived elements. D) only some base elements and some derived elements (the most critical ones in the system).

System maintenance must be performed to a. correct software errors b. add new features that have never been requested before c. remove features that none of the users are using d. keep programmers employed

The _____________ is a phased approach to analysis and design that holds that systems are best developed through the use of a specific cycle of analyst and user activities a. systems development life cycle b. agile approach c. object-oriented approach d. open source approach

The context level data flow diagram depicts a. the boundaries of a system b. detailed processes that transform the incoming data to information c. the system entities and how they are related d. computer programs and their files

Which of these is an advantage of closed interview questions? a. keeps interviewer in control of the interview b. makes it more interesting for the interviewee c. makes phrasing easier for the interviewer d. provides richness of detail

________ data structures include additional elements necessary for implementing the system. A) Physical B) Logical C) Informational D) Logistical

________ is usually the first component to be stored in the data dictionary. A) Data flow B) Data direction C) Data mining D) Database schema

A PERT diagram is useful when: A) activities can be done in parallel rather than sequence. B) there is no slack time available. C) the project team needs to know which activities should be done at which point in time. D) activities do not have any precedent activities.

activities can be done in parallel rather than sequence

Systems Analyst as Consultant

acts as a systems consultant to humans and their businesses. This is advantageous to businesses because it can bring fresh insight to the business which they may not posses. However, this is disadvantageous to businesses sometimes because an outsider may not know the true business organization or business culture.

Data structures are described using ________ notation. A) relational B) metadatic C) geometric D) algebraic

algebraic

A synonym or other name for an element is called a(n): A) common element. B) structural element. C) attributive element. D) alias.

alias

The agile approach is based on: A) values. B) principles. C) practices. D) All of the above.

all of the above

The data dictionary may be used to create: A) screens. B) reports. C) forms. D) All of the above.

all of the above

Open Source Software

an alternative to traditional software in which proprietary code is hidden from the users is called Open Source Software (OSS). many users and programmers can study, share, and modify the code, or computer instructions.

Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design

an approach that is intended to facilitate the development of systems that must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments.

An entity that joins two other entities is called: A) a fundamental entity B) an associative entity C) an attributive entity D) a linking entity

an associate entity

Agile Development is

an object-oriented approach (OOA) to systems development that includes a method of development (including generating information requirements) as well as software tools.

JAD sessions: A) are used when several interviews, with several users, contain only closed, detailed questions. B) are used when the users do not get along with one another. C) are used to perform interviews with management and primary clients outside the corporation. D) are used to reduce the time and the cost of doing many one-to-one interviews.

are used to reduce the time and the cost of doing many one-to-one interviews.

Which of these does not focus on the relationship between the system analyst and the user with respect to output?

awareness of the sources of bias

(n) ________ value for an element is one that has certain fixed values. A) absolute B) discrete C) variable D) continuous

Software that is distributed free along with the program source code is called a. closed source software b. open source software c. Microsoft windows d. out source software

The symbol X(8) represents: A) eight digits. B) eight alphanumeric characters. C) a data structure or element that repeats eight times. D) an element that is found within eight data structures.

Which of these is not used by analysts when adopting CASE tools? a. communicating more effectively with users b. expediting the local area network c. increasing productivity d. integrating the work done during life cycle stages

A derived element is one that: A) is keyed, derived by the users. B) has several different meanings, one for each user group. C) is created by processes as a result of calculations or a series of decision-making statements. D) has the displayed length and the stored length the same.

An analyst may develop the data flow diagram using a top-down method by using: A) algebraic notation. B) structural records. C) algebraic notation and structural records. D) vertical expansion methodology.

Braces { } are used to indicate: A) either/or alternative. B) optional. C) repetitive elements. D) selection.

Which of the following is a flaw in the system design that is detected by analyzing the data dictionary entries? A) All derived elements on an output flow must be present on an input data flow. B) The data store may contain elements that are not present on any data flow to or from the data store. C) All base elements on an output data flow must be present on a data flow into the process. D) All elements that are discrete must have a table of codes definition.

Which of the following is not contained in the repository? A) procedural logic B) use cases C) generated computer code D) screen and report design

Which of the following is not included in an XML document type definition? A) the number of times an element repeats B) an element that is optional C) the rules for transforming the XML document into standard output D) the attributes of an XML element

Which of these statements concerning the system development life cycle is true? a. Designing the system is the first step in the SDLC b. No phase can occur until the previous phase is complete c. Although each phase is presented discretely, it is never accomplished as a separate step d. There is widespread agreement that the SDLC is composed of seven phases

While the first ________ diagram helps the systems analyst grasp basic data movement, its general nature limits its usefulness.

context

A(n) ________ element is one that has a smooth range of values. A) absolute B) discrete C) variable D) continuous

continous

A default value on a GUI screen may be used for: A) drop-down lists. B) radio buttons. C) check boxes. D) All of the above.

A varchar data type: A) is used to represent elements for which the analyst needs to determine the length. B) is an element that contains a check digit. C) is used to represent a floating point number with an indeterminate number of decimal positions.. D) is used for data that can contain any number of characters (up to the database limit).

A(n) ________ element is one that has a smooth range of values. A) absolute B) discrete C) variable D) continuous

An external entity may be a. a person b. another department c. another computer system d. all of the above

Data structures are described using ________ notation. A) relational B) metadatic C) geometric D) algebraic

What become(s) important for large systems that produce several thousand data elements requiring cataloging and cross-referencing? A) data dictionary B) structured analysis C) data flow diagrams D) automated data dictionaries E) design

What is a reference work of data about data compiled by systems analysts? A) data dictionary B) data flow diagrams C) structured analysis D) design

data dictionary

A method that provides conceptional freedom for representing processes and flows in a business system is the ________. A) database B) entity-relationship diagram C) data flow diagram D) flow chart

data flow diagram

Which graphically characterize(s) data processes and flows through a business system?

data flow diagrams

Which graphically characterize(s) data processes and flows through a business system? A) data dictionary B) data flow diagrams C) structured analysis D) design

data flow diagrams

Which of the following is not an error when drawing a data flow diagram?

data flow on a child diagram that has only one end connected to a process, the other end is a point in space

An external entity is called a source or ________ of data, and is considered to be external to the study. A) destination B) result C) answer D) confusion

destination

Tangible benefits are advantages measurable in ________ that accrue(s) to the organization through the use of the information system. A) dollars B) employee moral C) goodwill D) advertising

dollars

The technology acceptance model can be used:

early in the development process to garner user reactions to prototypes.

Well-designed input forms and display screens should meet all of the following objectives EXCEPT:

ease of use

Which of the following is concerned with the analyst's time and the costs for system development, hardware, and business employee time? A) economic feasibility B) operational feasibility C) tactical feasibility D) technical feasibility

economic feasibility

Which of the following is not one of the main components of UML?

entities

The process of creating a simple data flow diagram fragment for each unique system trigger is called:

event modeling.

A basic process is one that does not explode to a child diagram

Ajax is a technique used to obtain data from a server and update large amounts of data using UML.

An arrow is used to depict an external entity that can give and receive data from the system.

Balanced decomposition is when the data flow in or out of a child diagram does not match the data flow in or out of a parent process.

Base elements are elements that are created by a process using a formula or some logic.

Data flow diagrams must be drawn working from left to right on the page.

Data stores must always have data flow into them in a proper diagram.

Each time an external company or system is involved in the activities of a Web site, the process that handles them must be left alone without any partitioning.

Having separate Web forms means that the forms will become more complex.

Linear data flow from process to process is normal in higher level data flow diagrams.

A zoned decimal is used to determine whether the XML document content is valid, that is, whether it conforms to the order and type of data that must be present in the document

false

All default elements on an output data flow must be present on a data flow coming into the process

false

All derived elements must be stored on a data store

false

Automated data dictionaries are useful for only printing summary lists of data

false

Brackets [ ] represent repetitive elements

false

Data structures are those data items within the system that are not meaningful if broken down further

false

Data structures are usually described using a binary notation

false

Databases are usually the first component of a data dictionary to be defined

false

In XML, schemas become the metadata

false

The packed decimal format is commonly used to save space on file layouts and for elements that require a high level of arithmetic to be performed on them

false

Unified modeling language (UML) is a language that can be used to exchange data between businesses

false

XML is used when other systems or external organizations use the same software

false

The interview is also a valuable time to explore key ________ concerns, including ergonomic aspects and system usability. A) color design B) reliability C) human computer interaction (HCI) D) readability

human computer interaction (HCI)

Closed questions should be used when the analyst: A) needs to explore a new situation. B) is able to list all possible responses. C) needs to learn an opinion. D) has only a small group of people to obtain information from.

is able to list all possible responses

is created by processes as a result of calculations or a series of decision-making statements.

Which is not a guideline for display screen design?

keep the screen simple

Which of these is an advantage of closed interview questions? A) keeps interviewer in control of the interview B) makes it more interesting for the interviewee C) makes phrasing easier for the interviewer D) provides richness of detail

keeps interviewer in control of the interview

In a text box, such as found in Microsoft Access, character data should be aligned on the ________ and numeric data on the ________.

left, right

Transaction files:

may be used to link processes that execute at different times.

A command-language interface requires:

memorization of syntax rules

Process specifications are sometimes called ________, because they are a small portion of the total project specifications

minispecs

Ajax is used to: A) partition Web sties into different Web forms. B) obtain data from a Web server and update the current Web form. C) confirm credit card accounts using a secure transaction. D) transmit data to an external partner using XML documents.

obtain data from a Web server and update the current Web form.

________ data structures include additional elements necessary for implementing the system. A) Physical B) Logical C) Informational D) Logistical

physical

HCI provides

physical and ergonomic factors; usability factors that are often labled cognitive matters; the pleasing, aesthetic, and enjoyable aspects of using the system; and behavioral aspects that center on the usefulness of the system.

Primitive process specifications are not produced for

processes for which pre-written code already exists

Building a ________ of information systems is a useful technique for quickly gathering information requirements. A) prototype B) system design C) lifecycle D) maintenance agreement

prototype

Which of the following is used to select data that is mutually exclusive?

radio button

Association Relationship

relationship between an actor and a use case in which an interaction occurs between them.

Which of the following is not a form of electronic output?

report

An advantage of prototyping is tied to the fact that user ________ change over time. A) requirements B) needs C) populations D) feelings

requirements

The data store symbol is simply showing a depository for data which allows addition or ________ of data.

retrieval

_______ is the process of systematically selecting representative elements of a population. A) Questioning B) Calling C) Sampling D) Learning

sampling

Partitioning on a data flow diagram for an ecommerce Web site may be used to show:

security

Push technology is used to:

send solicited or unsolicited information to a customer

Which of these is a potential disadvantage of prototyping? A) ineffective for helping users articulate requirements B) shapes systems before problem is thoroughly understood C) more expensive than the traditional SDLC D) slower development than the traditional SDLC

shapes systems before problem is thoroughly understood

Which graphical user interface screen element is used to select data that has continuous values?

sliders

A use case: A) summarizes an activity, its trigger, input, and output. B) describes a subsystem of a data flow diagram showing how the processes use data produced by other processes. C) describes how the data is partitioned into programs for different users. D) shows when the data is updated, read, created or deleted.

summarizes an activity, its trigger, input, and output.

A Systems Analyst

systematically assesses how users interact with technology and how businesses function by examining the inputting and processing of data and the outputting of information with the intent of improving organizational processes.

The data flow approach enables the systems analyst to better understand the interrelatedness of ________ and ________.

systems; subsystems

A CRUD matrix is a tool used to represent where master files are read, updated, created, and deleted within the system.

A CRUD matrix shows where records are added, changed, used, and deleted from a file

A logical data flow diagram shows how the business operates.

A physical data flow diagram shows how the system will be constructed.

A physical data flow diagram shows how the system will be implemented.

A rectangle with rounded corners is used to show the occurrence of a transforming process.

A transaction file links two processes that execute at different times

A use case summarizes an event and defines one activity.

Ajax may be used to obtain data for a Web form without changing Web pages.

Base elements are elements that need to be keyed into the system.

Each external entity is labeled with a noun.

Partitioning data flow diagrams is the process of deciding which processes are manual procedures and which processes should be grouped into which computer programs.

The biggest advantage of the data flow approach lies in the conceptual freedom found in the use of the four symbols.

The data flow diagram graphically characterizes data processes and flows in a business system.

The data flow diagram may be used to analyze the proposed system.

When a process has all input or all output data flow, it means that an arrowhead is pointing in the wrong direction or there is a missing data flow.

Which of the following is not one of the four values of agile modeling? A) communication B) technical skill C) simplicity D) courage

technical skill

The context level data flow diagram depicts: A) the boundaries of a system B) detailed processes that transform the incoming data to information C) the system entities and how they are related D) computer programs and their files

the boundaries of a system

Having separate Web forms to collect transaction data means that:

the forms are less complex and easier to fill out.

Each time an external company or system is involved:

the process involved needs to be partitioned into a separate program.

Which of the following is clarified by the project charter? A) analysis expectations B) how much can the scope change before the project will be over budget C) the project deliverables D) how much will the project cost

the project deliverables

the rules for transforming the XML document into standard output.

Object-oriented approaches use what industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems? A) artificial intelligence B) a distributed system C) the unified modeling language D) multiview

the unified modeling language

Which of these are reasons for partitioning a system?

to keep transactions secure

Which of the following is not a reason for partitioning processes into separate programs

to maintain consistency of data

With a ________ approach, the diagrams move from general to specific.

top-down

A derived element must be output from at least one process that it is not input to

true

A document type definition is used to determine if the XML document content is valid

true

A schema is a more precise way to define the content of an XML document

true

An !ATTLIST describes an XML attribute in the DTD

true

An XML schema is a more precise way to define the content of an XML document

true

An alias for each element is another name for the data used by different users in different systems

true

An internal data flow is one that connects two processes

true

Each level of a data flow diagram should use data appropriate for the level

true

Extensible markup language (XML) is a language that can be used to exchange data between businesses

true

One of the rules for analyzing a data dictionary is that elements present on a data flow coming or going to a data store must be contained within the data store

true

Parenthesis represent an optional element in the data dictionary

true

The advantage of using XML to define data is that, in the XML format, data are stored in a pure text format and not dependent on any proprietary software

true

The data dictionary can be used as a starting point for creating XML documents

true

The data dictionary is a reference work of data about data

true

The data structure and elements are commonly used to generate computer source code

true

The ideal data dictionary is automated, interactive, online, and evolutionary

true

There are three standard formats for mainframe computers: zoned decimal, packed decimal, and binary

true

XML is used when users have different computer (systems) and software

true

Which of these serves as both input and output?

turnaround documents

When the data flow in and out of a parent process do not match the data flow in or out of a child diagram, it is called:

unbalanced decomposition

The advantage of building data flow diagrams based on events is that:

users are familiar with the events within their business and know how the events drive other activities.

A CRUD matrix is used to show: A) places in the system where the data is inaccurate. B) where records are updated, added, deleted or used. C) which Web pages are placed on a secure server. D) the partitioning of data flow diagrams in a client/server environment.

where records are updated, added, deleted or used.

2) Systems analysts formulate numbers that represent both current and projected ________ for the system so that any hardware obtained will possess the capability to handle current and future needs. A) inventory B) power requirements C) heating and cooling needs D) workloads

workloads

Which of the following statements is not a principle of agile modeling? A) "Travel light" B) "Model with a purpose" C) "Code for tomorrow" D) "Software is your primary goal"

Widely-Known Open Source Softwares (OSS)

~ Apache for developing a Web Server ~ the web browser Mozilla Firefox ~ Linux; which is Unix-like operating system.

Three Primary Roles of Systems Analyst

~ Consultant ~ Supporting Expert ~ Agent of Change

6. SDLC: Testing and Maintaining the Sytem

~ before an information system can be used, it must be tested. It is much less costly to catch problems before the system is signed over to the users than after.

4. SDLC : Designing the Recommended System

~ includes designing databases that will store much of the data needed by decision makers in the organization.

1. SDLC : Identifying Problems, Opportunities, and Objectives

~ opportunities are situations that analyst believes can be improved through the use of computerized information systems. ~ Scope of project determined and documented here. People involved in Step 1 of SDLC : users, analysts, and systems managers coordinating the project.

7. SDLC: Implementing and Evaluating the System

~ the analysts help implement the information system. Vendor do some training, but oversight of training is the responsibility of the system analyst.

2. SDLC : Determining Human Information Requirements

~ the analysts will use interactive methods such as interviewing, sampling, and investigating hard data, and using questionnaires, along with unobtrusive methods, such as observing decision makers' behavior and their office environments, and all-encompassing methods, such as prototyping.

5. SDLC : Developing and Documenting Software

~ the analysts works with programmers to develop any original software that is needed. Programmers have a key role in this phase because they design, code, and remove syntactical errors from the computer programs.

The ________ contains input and output layouts, file specifications, and processing details for programmers. A) program specifications packet B) software development life cycle C) programming guidelines D) map

The ________ is a phased approach to analysis and design that holds that systems are best developed through the use of a specific cycle of analyst and user activities. A) systems development life cycle B) agile approach C) object-oriented approach D) open source approach

The ________ summarizes what has been found during the systems analysis phase, provides cost/benefit analyses of alternatives, and makes recommendations on what should be done. A) systems proposal B) database design C) template D) development life cycle

The data flow diagram graphically characterizes data processes and flows in a business system a. true b. false

The design phase also includes designing ________ that will store much of the data needed by decision makers in the organization. A) databases B) flow charts C) spreadsheets D) software design models

Which of the following is a core practice of the agile approach? A) A 40-hour work week. B) Outsource all complex modules. C) Stick to the plan, even if it is behind schedule. D) Programmers should be assigned individual programs based upon their ability.

A) A 40-hour work week.

Which of these is not a guideline for developing a prototype? A) Build the system slowly and carefully. B) Modify the prototype in successive iterations. C) Emphasize the user interface. D) Work in manageable modules.

A) Build the system slowly and carefully.

When doing pair programming, which person(s) chooses a partner programmer? A) the programmers B) management C) the project leaders D) the project team

A) the programmers

Qualities of a Systems Analyst

Above all, an analyst is a problem solver. Systems analyst need to be able to understand humans' needs in interacting with technology, and they need enough computer experience to program, to understand the capabilities of computers, to glean information requirements from users, and to communicate what is needed to programmers. Must be: ~self-disciplined, self-motivated

Qualitative documents include: A) email messages. B) memos. C) signs on bulletin boards. D) All of the above.

All of the above

Why is partitioning useful when designing a Web site?

Allows designer to break down the website for easier maintaining and processing later on.

Which of the following is a human need taken into account when considering the humancomputer interaction? A) the hardware that the system will run on B) the pleasing, aesthetic and enjoyable aspects of using the system C) the amount of training that will be required D) the kind of monitoring that will take place for compliance

The first SDLC phase that the analyst enters into is that of determining information requirements for the particular users involved.

FALSE

The lower half of a decision tree contains the actions to be taken on the left and the rules for executing the actions on the right.

FALSE

The open source software community is a monoculture, a single unified community.

FALSE

Use decision tables when the sequence of conditions and actions is critical.

FALSE

Visible Analyst (VA) is not an example of a CASE tool that enables systems analysts to do graphical planning, analysis, and design in order to build complex client/server applications and databases

FALSE

When analysts are hired specifically from outside the business to address information systems issues within a business, they are acting as supporting experts.

FALSE

When structured decisions are not complex, an appropriate technique for analyzing the decision process is the use of semistructured English.

FALSE

While process specifications produce a precise description of what is accomplished, they are not detailed enough to validate the system design.

FALSE

While using the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), each phase should be completed before a new phase has begun.

FALSE

T/F: A disadvantage of prototyping is the relatively large expense associated with redirecting system plans.

False

T/F: One benefit of a closed interview question is the richness of detail provided.

False

T/F: Prototyping is best applied late in the systems development life cycle.

False

A ________ is a chart on which bars represent each task. A) Gantt chart B) design diagram C) PERT diagram D) database design

Gantt Chart

The phases in UML are similar to those in the SDLC.

TRUE

The three major tools for analyzing structured decisions are structured English, decision tables, and decision trees.

TRUE

The three primary roles of the systems analyst are as consultant, supporting expert, and change agent.

TRUE

Use decision tables when complex combinations of conditions, actions, and rules are found.

TRUE

Use decision tables when you require a method that effectively avoids impossible situations, redundancies, and contradictions.

TRUE

Use decision trees when not every condition is relevant to every action (the branches are different).

TRUE

Use decision trees when not every condition is relevant to every action.

TRUE

Use decision trees when the sequence of conditions and actions is critical.

TRUE

What is a reference work of data about data compiled by systems analysts? A) data dictionary B) data flow diagrams C) structured analysis D) design

Which of the following is not one of the fundamental components of the agile approach? a. pressure b. values c. principles d. core practices

An organization with many employees and many cubicles with each employee having a unique phone extension is said to be a ______________ relationship a. 1:1 b. 1:M c. M:1 d. M:N

What are the three main categories of cloud computing?

-Saas (Software as a Service) -Iaas (Infrastructure as a Service) -Paas (Platform as a Service)

What are the four main guidelines that must be observed when integrating prototyping into the requirements determination phase of the SDLC?

-Work in manageable modules -Build the prototype rapidly -Modify the prototype in successive iterations -Stress the user interface

Building a Use-Case Model steps:

1) Identify business actors. 2) Identify business use cases at highest level. 3) Construct use-case model diagram. 4) Documents business requirements use-case narratives. --- add course of Events --- add Exception Paths

7 Phases of SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle)

1. Identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives. 2. Determining human information requirements. 3. Analyzing system needs. 4. Designing the recommended system. 5. Developing and documenting software. 6. Testing and maintaining the system. 7. Implementing and evaluating the system.

Maintenance is performed for 2 reasons:

1. to correct the software errors. 2. enhance the software's capabilities in response to changing organizational needs, generally involving one of the following three situations. a. users requesting additional features after they become familiar with using the software. b. the business changes overtime. c. hardware and software are changing at an accelerated pace.

How many columns would a table with seven conditions with yes or no alternatives have?

128

Data stores are used to store: A) all base elements and some derived elements B) all derived elements and some base elements C) all base and derived elements D) only some base elements and some derived elements (the most critical ones in the system)

Decision makers are beginning to understand that ________ is not just a byproduct of conducting business, but a critical factor in determining the success or failure of a business. A) information B) decoration C) hesitation D) frustration

Designing a form with proper ________________ can minimize the time and effort spent by employees in form completion A) flow B) usefulness C) context D) headings

Ease of use means that forms and screens are straight-forward and require no extra time to _____________. A) decipher B) guess C) erase D) encode

Every Web site should include a(n) ___________ page. A) FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) B) stickiness C) advertisement D) navigation

Which kind of question is easiest to analyze? a. closed b. open c. probe d. tactical

Which of the following is not one of the fundamental components of the agile approach? A) pressure B) values C) principles D) core practices

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

Approach to problem is multifaceted looking at the "human ergonomic, cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors involved in user tasks, problem solving processes, and interaction context" Zhang, Carey

A JAD session involves: a. casual planning, since the interaction between users is when the activity occurs in a creative fashion b. using a session leader that has excellent communication skills c. having a systems analyst as a session leader d. note-taking by all the individuals within the session

In a text box, such as found in Microsoft Access, character data should be aligned on the _________ and numeric data on the _________. A) left, left B) left, right C) right, left D) right, right

In describing the value format of a data element, the symbol X(8) represents: A) eight digits B) eight alphanumeric characters C) a data structure or element that repeats eight times D) an elements that is found within eight data structures

In order to use structured English, which convention is not advisable? A) Express all logic in terms of sequential structures, decision structures, case structures, or iterations B) Use a blank line to separate sets of statements with different purposes C) Use and capitalize accepted keywords such as IF, THEN D) Be careful when using "and" and "or"

On the data flow diagram, an arrow is used to depict an external entity that can give and receive data from the system a. true b. false

One important justification for CASE tools is to increase analyst ________. A) confidence B) productivity C) skill D) None of the above

Processes in a rectangle with rounded corners sometimes denote something other than a change in or transformation of data or a system/subsystem a. true b. false

Processes that transform data should be named with a noun which indicates the data that has been transformed a. true b. false

Reliability measures the degree to which the respondents may be trusted to complete the questionnaire a. true b. false

Which of the following is not a problem when creating decision tables? A) impossible situations B) too many conditions C) redundancy D contradictions

Which of the following is not an error when drawing a data flow diagram? a. The parent diagram is label with the number 2 and the five processes of its child diagram on labeled with the number 3.1 through 3.5 b. data flow on a child diagram that has only one end connected to a process, the other end is a point in space c. connecting data stores and external entities directly to each other d. placing more than nine processes on a data flow diagram

Which of the following is not one of the four values of the agile approach? A) communication B) expertise C) simplicity D) courage

It is the responsibility of the ________ to translate suggestions and innovations into workable systems. A) user B) analyst C) facilitator D) manager

B) analyst

B) buffers users against computer malfunctioning

A patched-up prototype is likely to be: A) controversial. B) inefficient. C) nonworking. D) standardized.

B) inefficient.

Making all product release deadlines imminent: A) creates too much programmer stress and should be avoided if at all possible. B) pushes a realistic expectation for completion to the fore. C) usually results in minimally functional software. D) actually slows down project development because of numerous avoidable errors.

B) pushes a realistic expectation for completion to the fore.

) Which prototype includes only some, but not all, of the components of the final system? A) first-of-a-series prototype B) selected features prototype C) nonworking scale model D) patched-up prototype

B) selected features prototype

B) shapes systems before problem is thoroughly understood

Which of the following is not one of the four values of agile modeling? A) communication B) technical skill C) simplicity D) courage

B) technical skill

Agile Approach is a software development

Based on: Values, Principles, and Core Practices.

Maintenance is performed: A) to correct software errors. B) to enhance the system and its capabilities in response to changing organizational needs. C) Both A and B. D) Neither A or B.

Both A and B.

A derived data element is one that: A) is keyed, derived by the users B) has several different meanings, one for each user group C) is created by processes as a result of calculations or a series of decision-making statements D) has the displayed length and the stored length the same

Object-oriented approaches use the industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems, called ________ to break down a system into a use case model. A) Extensible Markup Language (XML) B) HyperText Markup Language (HTML) C) Unified Modeling Language (UML) D) Vector Markup Language (VML)

Which is structured English not based on? A) instructions organized into nested and grouped procedures B) simple English statements C) unstructured logic D) add, multiply, move, and so on

Which is the correct choice? A) Use structured English when not every condition is relevant to evert action B) Use decision tables when communication to end users is important C) Use decision trees when the sequence of conditions and actions is critical D) Use decision tables when there are many repetitious actions

Which of the following is not contained in the data repository? A) procedural logic B) use cases C) generated computer code D) screen and report design

Which of these is not a way users can be expected to help in prototyping A) experimenting with the prototype B) giving open reactions to the prototype C) providing the necessary technical expertise for interfacing with the database D) suggesting possible deletions to the prototype

Which of these statements concerning the systems development life cycle is true? A) Designing the system is the first step in the SDLC. B) No phase can occur until the previous phase is completed. C) Although each phase is presented discretely, it is never accomplished as a separate step. D) There is widespread agreement that the SDLC is composed of seven phases.

An example of ________ prototyping is building a full-scale model of an automobile that is used in wind tunnel tests. A) first-of-series B) patched-up C) nonoperational D) selected features

C) nonoperational

Which of these is not a way users can be expected to help in prototyping? A) experimenting with the prototype B) giving open reactions to the prototype C) providing the necessary technical expertise for interfacing with the database D) suggesting possible deletions to the prototype

C) providing the necessary technical expertise for interfacing with the database

Which of the following is not a component of the Scrum methodology? A) product backlog B) daily scrum C) spring D) demo

C) spring

CASE Tools

Computer Aided Software Engineering CASE Tools have been created to improve their routine work through the use of automated support.

Three primary roles of the systems analyst.

Consulting, Supporting Agent, Agent of Change.

In a decision table, contradictions occur when: A) an important condition is omitted B) when the situation cannot occur because there are two or more conditions that cannot occur at the same time C) identical sets of alternatives require the same action D) rules suggest different actions but satisfy the same conditions

In describing the data type of the value of a data element, a varchar data type: A) is used to represent elements for which the analyst needs to determine the length B) is an element that contains a check digit C) is used to represent a floating point number with an indeterminate number of decimal positions D) is used for data that can contain any number of characters (up to the database limit)

Process specifications are sometimes called ____________, because they are a small portion of the total project specifications A) designs B) data flows C) information nodes D) minispecs

The degree in which the question measures what the analyst intends to measure is called: a. external consistency b. internal consistency c. factoring d. validity

Which of the following can be used to communicate ideas that would otherwise remain fuzzy or unshaped? A) testing B) documenting C) scope D) coding

Which of these is a reason for an organization to participate in open source communities? A) to maintain mutually beneficial relationships with other software developers B) to keep down the development costs on a project C) to increase productivity by leveraging a committed group of developers D) All of the above.

________ is the layer of the computer that is between humans and the computer. A) Cybernetics B) Human computer interface C) The keyboard D) Human computer interaction

The agile approach is based on: A) values. B) principles. C) practices. D) All of the above.

D) All of the above.

D) an entire working system

Which of the following can be used to communicate ideas that would otherwise remain fuzzy or unshaped? A) testing B) documenting C) scope D) coding

D) coding

Based on their study of a group of programmers, the best programmers are ________ times more productive than the worst ones. A) one to two B) three to five C) four to eight D) five to ten

D) five to ten

Which kind of prototyping is most similar to what engineers call "bread boarding"? A) first full-scale model B) model bearing some essential features C) nonworking scale model D) patched-up prototype

D) patched-up prototype

________ depict the broadest possible overview of system inputs, processes, and outputs

Data flow diagrams

________ depict the broadest possible overview of system inputs, processes, and outputs. A) Data flow diagrams B) Databases C) Entity-relationship diagrams D) Flow charts

Data flow diagrams

Step 2 of SDLC

Determining human information requirements.

Step 5 of SDLC

Developing and documenting software.

Which is not an explanation of icons? A) pictorial, onscreen representations B) they symbolize computer actions that users may select using a mouse, keyboard, lighten, or joystick C) they serve functions similar to those of words D) they may replace functions in many menus E) meaning of icons is less quickly grasped than words

A square node indicates a condition, and a circle indicates an action.

FALSE

A systems analyst should never be hired specifically to address information systems issues within a business

FALSE

A 60-hour work week improves effectiveness.

A disadvantage of prototyping is the relatively large expense associated with redirecting system plans.

A great example of a first-of-series prototype would be constructing a full scale model of a new type of car to be used for testing in a wind tunnel.

An advantage of prototyping is that systems will be more thoroughly understood before the system is shaped.

An analyst should choose the Systems Development Life Cycle approach when: A) systems have already been developed and documented using SDLC. B) it is important to document each step of the way. C) upper-level management feels more comfortable or safe using SDLC. D) there are adequate resources and time to complete the full SDLC. E) communication of how new systems work is important. F) All of the above. G) None of the above.

Analysts can best reflect all of the four values of agile modeling through an attitude of assertiveness.

Feedback gives the analyst the strength to be able to throw out code and rethink solutions.

One of the lessons learned from agile development is that short releases allow systems to communicate

Pair programming means that you work with another programmer assigned by management or the team leader.

Prototypes that are full-scaled and installed at one location with the intention of later implementation at other locations are referred to as "selected features prototypes."

The agile approach is based on values, principles and practices.

Values can be used to communicate ideas that would otherwise remain fuzzy or unshaped.

Which of these steps in interview preparation is most helpful in allowing the interviewer to build a vocabulary common to the interviewee? A) deciding on question types and structure B) deciding whom to interview C) establishing interview objectives D) preparing the interviewee E) reading background material

reading background material

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