CRMJ 2100 Exam 3

Differential Opportunity

Cloward and Ohlin

Differential opportunity theory says that nonintegrated community is most likey to have ________ subculture

Conflict

Vold

Conflict Theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY: Group conflict theory KEY CONCEPTS Pluralist conflict perspective

Blalock

Conflict theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY Power threat hypothesis

Quinney

Conflict theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY the social reality of the crime

Marx

Conflict theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY: Conflict theory Provide a Marxist perspective of the American Criminal Justice System

Turk

Conflict theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY Subject-Authority Relationship - Lowerclass those with power make law. KEY CONCEPTS Authority - Subjective

Cloward and Ohlin's 3 types of delinquent gang subcultures

1. Criminal subculture - Integrated: they did good for the community 2. Conflict subculture - non-integrated: bad gangs do no help for the society 3. Retreatists subculture - Can't get into a gang "Double Loser" always on drugs and alcohol.

According to miller, what is the 6 focal concerns of the subcultures of the underclass?

1. Trouble 2. Toughness 3. Smartness (street smart) 4. excitement 5. fate 6. autonomy (your own person, do not have to listen to people)

According to Cloward and Ohlin, the form a delinquent subculture takes depends on the

Degree of intergration

Cohen's concept of the "middle class measuring rod" refers to a form of discipline used in school systems

False

Conflict theories have that general name because they all assume that conflict is abnormal to human nature

False

Becker

Falsely accused, secret deviant, pure deviant

Subculture theories

Focus on lower class delinquency Focus on urban environments Focus on male behavior

Who is credited for developing the group conflict theory?

George Vold

Conflict theory emerged on the heels of

Labeling Theory

Lemert

Labeling theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY Primary and Secondary Deviance

Schur

Labeling theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY Radical non intervention

Radical conflict theories focus on the importance of

Labor Control Resources

The "subculture of violence theory" is a product of which theorist(s) below?

Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti

What is master status; Provide an example

Master status is when somebodies social status is taken away because of a crime that they committed. Their reputation was taken over. Example: Football player who was population, then got into a drugs and is now known as a drug user.

subculture theory combines the works of

Merton's anomie and the Chicago School

Cohen: status frustration

Ohlin - differential association

Explain Becker's four types of deviant behavior; provide an example

Perceived as deviant: CONFORMING BEHAVIOR- Falsely accused*. NORM-VIOLATING BEHAVIOR- Pure deviant. Not percieved as deviant: CONFORMING BEHAVIOR- conformists NORM-VIOLATING BEHAVIOR- secret deviant*

Pluralist conflict theories focus on

Power

What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance?

Primary deviance is when they first commit the crime - occasional or situational. They then become secondary deviance. Secondary deviance is when the individual commits further deviant acts after they become labeled.

Define retrospective interpretation; provide an example

Retrospective interpretation is where you reinterpret soembody's behavior based on new information. Example: when somebody dressed in all black and did not talk, then one day they shot up a school.

Labeling Theory is also known as the

Social Reaction School

Quiney's theory about crime, law, and the criminal process is known as

Social reality of crime

Miller

Subculture Theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY Lower-class focal concerns

Wolfgang and Ferracuti

Subculture Theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY subculture violence

Clowen and Ohlin

Subculture Theory KEY CONCEPTS Degree of the integration Illegitimate opportunity criminal subculture retreatists subculture

Cohen

Subculture theories ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY: Status Frustration Inability to gain status KEY CONCEPTS: Reaction formation

According to labeling theory, who bears the brunt of the labeling process?

The lower class

Conflict theories have the following in common:

They assume that there is little agreement in society

According to the labeling theory, those who engage in criminal behavior are not synonymous with those who are a criminal.

True

The "great society" policies of the Kennedy and Johnson administration were, at least in part, a product of Cloward and Ohlin's theory of differential association.

True

Labeling researchers focus on "extra-legal" variables to explain differences in arrests and prosecution rates as well as sentencing disparity.

True. Extra-legal factors include: - Race -Economic status -Gender

Miller claimed that the lower class

Was a separate culture with distinct lifestyles and values

Retrospective Interpretation

We visit somebodies past behavior with new behavior. EX wears black--shoots up school

Master Status

When somebody's new identity takes over

Labeling Theory, as opposed to most other criminological theories, asks

Why was the person designated as deviant?

The subculture theories emerged during the

rise of the middle class