CRMJ 2100 Exam 3
Differential Opportunity
Cloward and Ohlin
Differential opportunity theory says that nonintegrated community is most likey to have ________ subculture
Conflict
Vold
Conflict Theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY: Group conflict theory KEY CONCEPTS Pluralist conflict perspective
Blalock
Conflict theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY Power threat hypothesis
Quinney
Conflict theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY the social reality of the crime
Marx
Conflict theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY: Conflict theory Provide a Marxist perspective of the American Criminal Justice System
Turk
Conflict theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY Subject-Authority Relationship - Lowerclass those with power make law. KEY CONCEPTS Authority - Subjective
Cloward and Ohlin's 3 types of delinquent gang subcultures
1. Criminal subculture - Integrated: they did good for the community 2. Conflict subculture - non-integrated: bad gangs do no help for the society 3. Retreatists subculture - Can't get into a gang "Double Loser" always on drugs and alcohol.
According to miller, what is the 6 focal concerns of the subcultures of the underclass?
1. Trouble 2. Toughness 3. Smartness (street smart) 4. excitement 5. fate 6. autonomy (your own person, do not have to listen to people)
According to Cloward and Ohlin, the form a delinquent subculture takes depends on the
Degree of intergration
Cohen's concept of the "middle class measuring rod" refers to a form of discipline used in school systems
False
Conflict theories have that general name because they all assume that conflict is abnormal to human nature
False
Becker
Falsely accused, secret deviant, pure deviant
Subculture theories
Focus on lower class delinquency Focus on urban environments Focus on male behavior
Who is credited for developing the group conflict theory?
George Vold
Conflict theory emerged on the heels of
Labeling Theory
Lemert
Labeling theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY Primary and Secondary Deviance
Schur
Labeling theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY Radical non intervention
Radical conflict theories focus on the importance of
Labor Control Resources
The "subculture of violence theory" is a product of which theorist(s) below?
Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti
What is master status; Provide an example
Master status is when somebodies social status is taken away because of a crime that they committed. Their reputation was taken over. Example: Football player who was population, then got into a drugs and is now known as a drug user.
subculture theory combines the works of
Merton's anomie and the Chicago School
Cohen: status frustration
Ohlin - differential association
Explain Becker's four types of deviant behavior; provide an example
Perceived as deviant: CONFORMING BEHAVIOR- Falsely accused*. NORM-VIOLATING BEHAVIOR- Pure deviant. Not percieved as deviant: CONFORMING BEHAVIOR- conformists NORM-VIOLATING BEHAVIOR- secret deviant*
Pluralist conflict theories focus on
Power
What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance?
Primary deviance is when they first commit the crime - occasional or situational. They then become secondary deviance. Secondary deviance is when the individual commits further deviant acts after they become labeled.
Define retrospective interpretation; provide an example
Retrospective interpretation is where you reinterpret soembody's behavior based on new information. Example: when somebody dressed in all black and did not talk, then one day they shot up a school.
Labeling Theory is also known as the
Social Reaction School
Quiney's theory about crime, law, and the criminal process is known as
Social reality of crime
Miller
Subculture Theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY Lower-class focal concerns
Wolfgang and Ferracuti
Subculture Theory ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY subculture violence
Clowen and Ohlin
Subculture Theory KEY CONCEPTS Degree of the integration Illegitimate opportunity criminal subculture retreatists subculture
Cohen
Subculture theories ASSERTIONS OF THE THEORY: Status Frustration Inability to gain status KEY CONCEPTS: Reaction formation
According to labeling theory, who bears the brunt of the labeling process?
The lower class
Conflict theories have the following in common:
They assume that there is little agreement in society
According to the labeling theory, those who engage in criminal behavior are not synonymous with those who are a criminal.
True
The "great society" policies of the Kennedy and Johnson administration were, at least in part, a product of Cloward and Ohlin's theory of differential association.
True
Labeling researchers focus on "extra-legal" variables to explain differences in arrests and prosecution rates as well as sentencing disparity.
True. Extra-legal factors include: - Race -Economic status -Gender
Miller claimed that the lower class
Was a separate culture with distinct lifestyles and values
Retrospective Interpretation
We visit somebodies past behavior with new behavior. EX wears black--shoots up school
Master Status
When somebody's new identity takes over
Labeling Theory, as opposed to most other criminological theories, asks
Why was the person designated as deviant?
The subculture theories emerged during the
rise of the middle class