CSET Subtest 1: Reading, Language, and Literature

no

Can Haikus have rhyming pattern?

How many types of phoneme manipulation are most effective for students to use?

Children should focus on 1 or 2 types of phoneme awareness

near in space or time

What does 'nigh' mean in old English?

English, not native language

What does ESL instruction encourage the use of?

to cutoff (not pairing, its homonym)

What does paring mean?

develop a better attitude toward reading

What does the Whole Language Approach help students do?

transactional strategy instruction

What is give and take between student and teacher as they explore successful reading comprehension?

McGuffey's Readers

What was the name of the first reading book for different grade levels that appeared in the 1800s?

late 1700s

When did children's literature first appear?

non sequitur

a conclusion that does not logically follow from the facts

essay

a fairly brief work that tries to get across a particular point of view or to persuade the reader

euphemism

a figure of speech in which an inoffensive term is substituted for one that may be offensive or cause distress (ex. pass away for die, or indisposed for ill)

denotation

actual meaning of a word

ad populum

an argument that appeals to the emotions of a person

red herring

an irrelevant point, diverting attention from the position under discussion

subordinate clause

another term for a dependent clause

dangling modifiers

appear to modify words in a way that doesn't make sense

ad hominem

arguing against a person to discredit their position, rather than an argument against the position itself

bandwagon argument

arguing for a position because of its popularity

begging the question argument

assuming that an argument, or part of an argument, is true without providing proof

the focus of phonological awareness

broad-identifying and manipulating larger parts of spoken langauge, like words, syllables, onsets and rimes; uses awareness of rhyming, alliteration, and intonation

fluent readers

can concentrate on meaning and less on decoding words

dependent clause

can not stand alone as a sentence

independent clause

can stand alone as a sentence

diction

choosing and using appropriate words, conveys a thought clearly without unnecessary words

linking verbs

connect the subject to the words that describe it

relative clause

dependent clauses that begin with a pronoun like of which, that, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose

reflection

describes a scene, person, or emotion

allegory

expression in which the characters, story, and setting actually represent other people, settings, or abstract ideas (Aesop's Fables, parables, Gulliver's Travels)

post hoc, ergo propter hoc

falsely stating that one event following another is caused by the first event (faulty cause and effect)

hyperbole

figure of speech in which a drastic overstatement or understatement is used

metaphor

figure of speech in which one thing is discussed as though it were something else

mixed metaphor

figure of speech in which two or more unrelated things are compared and combined (running on empty, the soccer player plowed through the match)

simile

figure of speech that compares to different things, usually with the words like, or as (Her eyes are like deep, quiet pools.)

onomatopoeia

figure of speech where words imitate natural sounds

What does phonemic awareness do?

helps children learn to read and spell

parallelism

helps the reader follow a passage more clearly when two or more ideas are connected

the focus of phonemic awareness

narrow-to identify and manipulate individual sounds in words

rime

part of a syllable that contains a vowel and all that follows it (in bag is 'ag' or in swim is 'im')

onset and rime

parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemics

affixes

prefixes and suffixes, word parts that are 'fixed' to each other

narration

presents a factual or fictional story

basal reading

reading that is designed to meet the needs of all students, not individualized

transformational grammar

sentences have a deep meaning (what the writer is thinking) and surface meaning (what is actually written)

either/or argument

stating that the conclusion falls into one of two extremes, when there are more intermediate choices

phonetics

studies all speech sounds in a language and the way they are produced

pragmatics

studies how different contexts and social settings impact the way language is used

discourse analysis

studies longer spoken verbal exchanges, and written texts

semantics

studies meaning in language

morphology

studies the building blocks of language

phonology

studies the important sounds in a language

phonemic awareness

the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoken langauge

tone

the author's attitude as reflected in a passage

phonological awareness

the broad term that includes the ability to hear, identify, and

phonics

the fairly predictable relationship between phonemes and graphemes

onset

the initial consonant sound of a syllable (in bag is 'b' or swim is 'sw')

alliteration

the repetition of an initial consonant in nearby words

connotation

the secondary meaning that a word represents

phoneme

the smallest part of SPOKEN language

grapheme

the smallest part of WRITTEN language

metacognition

thinking about thinking

fluency

to read a text accurately and quickly

couplet

two successive poetic lines that form a single unit because they rhyme

expository

type of writing that explains simply

circular logic argument

using a statement of a position to argue in favor of that same position

faulty analogy

using an analogy as an argument when the analogy does not match the situation under discussion

When is phonemic awareness instruction most effective?

when children are taught to manipulate phonemes by using letters of the alphabet

authentic assessment

when students are asked to demonstrate what he/she knows in a variety of settings (portfolios, journals, logs, teacher observations)

base word

words from which other words are formed

homonyms

words that sound alike but have different meanings

colloquialism

words used frequently in spoken language that are not accepted in formal writing