CSFA A&P
The normal pH of blood is
7.3-7.4
Which cells secrete pepsinogen?
Cheif
The carotid body & carotid sinus are 2 sensory structures; the carotid body is a
Chemoreceptor - the carotid body is located in the wall of the carotid sinus & contains chemoreceptors to aid in regulating circulation & respiration
What is the nourishing coat of the eyeball gas consists mainly of blood vessels?
Choroid
Spinal fluid is produced by the
Choroid plexus (nearly 800 ml of cerebrospinal fluid is produced daily by specialized capillaries called the choroid plexus)
Which are the branches of the left coronary artery
Circumflex & anterior descending arteries
A rounded protuberance found at a point of articulation with another bone is called a
Condyle
The celiac artery trifurcates into the
Left gastric, splenic & hepatic arteries
The 2 muscles that form the pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani & coccygeus (the pelvic diaphragm is 1 of 2 muscles that extend across the outlet of the pelvis, the pelvic diaphragm consists of the Levator ani & coccygeus)
Which is a principle muscle of the pelvic floor?
Levator animal (it extends as a sheet of muscle across the pelvic outlet & innervates the pudendal nerve)
The rectus sheaths that meet to form a tough fibrous white band that extends from the xiphoid process to the public symphysis is the
Linea Alba
Which nerve travels along the anterior-lateral chest wall and innervates the serratus anterior muscle?
Long thoracic
The series of arcades along the mesenteric border throughout the length of the colon is called the
Marginal artery of Drummond (it is a large collateral vessel that connects the superior mesenteric circulation with that of the inferior mesenteric artery & forms a continuous arcade along the mesenteric border of the colon)
The arterial blood supply to the nose is from branches of the internal & external
Maxillary
The structure that binds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the
Mesentery
The ovary is suspended from the posterior leaf of the broad ligament by the
Mesovarium
Which artery is a direct branch of the internal carotid?
Middle cerebral
The valve that prevents the retrograde flow of blood into the atrium from the left ventricle is the
Mitral valve
The gelatinous substance within an intervertebral disc is called the
Nucleus pulposus
Which cranial nerve innervates the inferior, medial, superior rectus, inferior oblique & levator palpebrae muscles of the eye
Oculomotor (III)
The sphincter located at the distal end of the common bile duct that opens into the duodenum is the
Oddi (it controls the release of pancreatic juices into the duodenum)
What is the loose areolar tissue that separates the breast from the pectoralis major?
Retromammary space (it contains lymphatic & vessels )
The terminal arterial branches of the aorta are the
Right & left common iliac
The anastomosis, or linking, of arcades between the superior & inferior mesenteric vessels is known as the long anastomosis of
Riolan
Which lymph node is located between the pectoralis major and minor muscles?
Rotter (or interpectoral group )
Which ligament travels in the upper part of the broad ligaments below and in front of the fallopian tubes, passing over the vesicle vessels and nerve?
Round
Another name for the folds on the inner wall of the stomach is
Rugae
The tibial & common peroneal nerves are terminal branches of which nerve?
Sciatic
2/3s of the breast tissue rests on the pectoralis major muscle & the other 1/3rd rests on the
Serratus anterior
The inner lining of the mucosa within the gastrointestinal tract is composed of
Simple columnar epithelium
At the base of each internal carotid artery is an enlargement called the
Sinus - the carotid Sinus contains baroreceptors that aid in controlling blood pressure
The coronary arteries originate at the base of the ascending aorta, also known as the
Sinuses of Valsalva
The flexure between the transverse colon & the descending colon is called the
Splenic flexure
The left gastric, right gastric, right gastroepiploic, left gastroepiploic & short gastric arteries supply the
Stomach
The nerve of Grassi is associated with the
Stomach (it's the posterior branch of the vagal nerve)
The large artery that arises from the left side of the aortic arch and desends into the arm is the
Subclavian (the 3rd branch of the aortic arch & leads to the arm)
Adipose tissue lies in which skin layer?
Subcutaneous
The arterial supply to the intestinal tract, with the exception of the stomach, duodenum, and distal rectum, is derived from the
Superior & inferior mesenteric arteries
Which artery supplies the cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexural and proximal portion of the transverse colon?
Superior mesenteric (the superior mesenteric recieves blood from the small intestines)
Which rectus muscle moves the eyeball upward & medially?
Superior rectus
The ophthalmic artery divides into the
Supraorbital & supratrochlear
The mammary gland is fixed to the overlying skin and the underlying pectoral fascia by fibrous bands known as
Suspension ligaments of cooper (cooper's ligament extends from the dermis to the fascial layer & helps support the breast tissue)
In addition to the zygoma, which other bone comprises the zygomatic arch
Temporal
The 5 branches of the facial nerve from superior to inferior, after it enters the parotid gland is
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
The duration plane that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the
Tentorium cerebelli, transverse
The node of Lund is located in the
Triangle of Calot (the cystic node is located in the triangle of Calot, also called Calot's node)
The great sensory nerve of the face & head is the
Trigeminal
Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle
Trochlear (IV)
Langer lines generally lie perpendicular to the direction of
Underlying muscle tension (in the dermal & epidermal layers of the skin)
What describes a nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve
Variant laryngeal nerve that branches from the vagus & travels directly into the larynx at the level of the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage
Lymph channels run parallel to which structures
Veins
Which cavities within the brain are filled with cerebrospinal fluid?
Ventricles
Which arteries supply blood to the brain?
Vertebral & internal carotids
The branches of the aortic arch are
Brachiocephalic, left common carotid & left subclavian
Which ligament encloses the round ligament and extends from the lateral surface of the uterus to the pelvic wall?
Broad
What area located in the frontal gyrus of the brain controls the function of speech?
Broca's
Water constitutes what average normal percentage of total body weight?
50%-70%
What is normal cardiac output for an adult?
4-8 L/minute
The third ventricle of the brain emptied into the fourth ventricle through the
Aqueduct of Sylvius
Which ligament connects the thyroid to the trachea?
Berry (located superior lyrics on the thyroid, the ligament of berry ,composed of connective tissue, connects the thyroid to the tracheal rings.
The white line of Hilton is situated
Between the external & internal anal sphincters
The thoracic duct begins in the
Abdomen at the Cisterna Chyli
The ovarian artery is a branch of the
Abdominal aorta
Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
Abducens (VI)
Excessive secretion of growth hormones in adults causes
Acromegaly
The area where the common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct and enters the duodenum is called
Ampulla of Vater
An enzyme active in the digestion of starches is
Amylase (it's a atarch-splitting enzyme)
Which ligament is attached to the posterior lateral condyle of the femur & to the notch of the midline of the tibia between the tibial condyles?
Anterior cruciate
The point of separation between the posterior rectus sheath superiorly and absence of the sheath inferiorly is called the
Arcuate line (it is an important anatomical landmarks especially when performing a lap hernia repair. Superior to the line, the aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle contributes to the anterior & posterior rectus sheaths. Inferior to the line, the internal oblique & transversus abdominal aponeuroses are situated anterior to the rectus muscle)
At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
At the location of the inguinal ligament (the external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery next to the inguinal ligament, also called the poupart's ligament)
A prolongation of the breast tissue located in the upper, outer part of the breast that passes through an opening in the axillary fascia is called the
Axillary tail of spence (the only breast tissue located under the deep fascia)
Which vein drains the right side of the vertebral column?
Azygos (it originates in the dorsal abdominal & runs to the right side of the vertebral column to join the superior vena cava)
A chemical reaction that provides energy by the breakdown of food molecules is called
Catabolism
Jackson's membrane would be found near the
Cecum (Jackson's membrane, aka, Jackson's veils, are peritoneal folds located across the ascending colon from the Cecum to the right flexure)
At which vertebral level is the odontoid process located?
C2 (on the superior surface of the 2nd cervical vertebra, the odontoid process projects upward)
The cartilage distal to the thyroid cartilage and proximal to the thyroid gland is the
Cricoid
The three structures that form the anatomical triangle of Calot are
Cystic duct, common hepatic & lower edge of the liver (the triangle of Calot is an imaginary landmark formed by the Cystic duct, common hepatic duct & inferior border of the liver)
The 3 protective tissue layers in order starting with the most superficial
Dura mater, arachnoid & pia mater
Body temperature is regulated by the
Hypothalamus
The veins of Sappey drain the
Diaphragm (they drain into the liver)
The head of the pancreas is surrounded by the
Duodenum
Which vein drains the intracranial venous sinuses to veins on the outside of the skull?
Emissary (these veins connect the sinuses of the dura mater with the veins located on the exterior surface of the skull)
The inner lining of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract is composed of
Epithelium (a simple column of epithelium composes the outer layer of the villus on the lining if the small intestine)
Which artery supplies blood to the thyroid gland?
External carotid
The liver is divided into 2 principle lobes by which ligament?
Falciform
The fold of dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres
Falx cerebri
Collagen is produced by which connective tissue cells?
Fibroblasts
The frontal lobe is bounded posteriorly by the central sulcus, also called the
Fissure of Rolando
What separates the frontal and temporal lobes?
Fissure of Sylvius (the cerebrum is divided by sulci & fissures into specific lobes. The lateral boundary of the anterior portion of the cerebrum is the lateral sulcus or fissure of sylvius)
Where do the mental nerves & vessels exit from the mandible?
Foramen
The lateral ventricles within the cerebral hemisphere communicate with the third ventricle through the opening called
Foramen of Monro
Fissure of Silvis separates the
Frontal & temporal lobe
Where is Hartmann's pouch located?
Gallbladder infundibulum (An enlargement of the neck of the gallbladder that is caused by a stone or stones, is called Hartmann's pouch)
Valves of the gallbladder are called
Heister (the gallbladder neck & cystic duct contain spiral-shaped mucosa folds called the valves of heister)
The small ducts that drain bile directly into the gallbladder are called
Hepatic ducts
The recurrent laryngeal nerve that supplies the vocal cords lies very close to the
Inferior thyroid artery
Hesselbach's triangle is bounded by the rectus abdominis muscle, inferior epigastric vessels and
Inguinal ligament
Which artery divides into the anterior & middle cerebral arteries?
Internal carotid (the 2 internal carotid arteries & the basilar artery unite in a circular structure near the base of the brain near the circle of willis. This circle is formed by the anterior cerebral arteries which are derived from the internal carotid arteries & the posterior cerebral arteries derived from the basilar artery)
The arterial supply to the bladder is derived mainly from the
Internal iliac
The uterine artery is a branch of the anterior trunk of the
Internal iliac artery
The arterial blood supply to the breast is supplied from branches of the
Internal mammary, axillary & lateral thoracic ( the blood to the breast is supplied by thoracic branches of the axillary artery whose primary branches are internal thoracic, intercostal & lateral mammary arteries)
The thyroid gland consists of right & left lobes joined by the
Isthmus (a long band of tissue)
Which organ is completely retroperitoneal?
Kidney
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic
Which vein is shared by the pancreas & the liver?
Portal
The Junction of the superior mesenteric & splenic veins forms the
Portal vein
Which 2 electrolytes are essential for normal cardiac contractions
Potassium & calcium
The anatomical division between the inguinal & femoral regions us the
Poupart's ligament
Deoxygenated blood is carried from the right ventricle to the lungs via the
Pulmonary arteries
Which of the following structures of the kidney does urine drain into from the major calyces?
Renal pelvis (the Renal pelvis is where the ureter enters the kidney & the pelvis expands into the Calyces which serve to collect urine)
What is the name for the small pancreatic duct?
The duct of santorini
This vein proximally travels across the neck of the abdominal aorta
The left renal vein
The avascular area located in the mesenteric and to the left of the middle colic artery is
The space of Riolan
Which nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Thoracodorsal
Which nerve is located lateral to the long thoracic nerve & inner vases the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Thoracodorsal
What structures are located in the anterior mediastinum?
Thymus, ascending aorta & lymph nodes
Which cranial nerve emerges from the medulla, passes through the skull & descends through the neck region into the thorax & abdominal region
X - the 10th pair, vagus nerves