CTC US HIST I Ch. 3, Chapter 3: Creating Anglo-America's

REVIEW QUESTION 2. The textbook states "Prejudice by itself did not create American slavery." Examine the economic forces, events, and laws that shaped the experiences of enslaved people.

-Demand for workers spurred by the spread of tobacco & sugar. -When compared to indentured servants, slaves offered planters many advantages. -Term of service never expired (not given religious freedoms as a result) -Claim of protections could not be made against English common law.

REVIEW QUESTION 1. Both the Puritans and William Penn viewed their colonies as "holy experiments." How did they differ?

-Penn believed that moral public behavior could be enforced by the government and did not have to be enforced through private religious beliefs which gave way to him wanting people to follow whatever religion they wished to follow. -The Puritans just accepted their own beliefs.

Bacon's Rebellion (p. 102)

1661, Virginia indetured servant was accused of planning an uprising among those "who would be for liberty and free from bondage."

Salem Witch Trials (1692)

A crisis of trials and executions in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692 that resulted from anxiety over witchcraft.

King Philip's War, 1675

A multiyear conflict that began in 1675 with an Indian uprising against white colonists. Its end result was broadened freedoms for white New Englanders and the dispossession of the region's Indians.

While slavery had existed for generations in many other parts of the world, American slavery was unique for many reasons. Identify what made American slavery different from slavery in other countries.

Correct Answer 1.A large number of slaves were under a single owner, rather than being dispersed within and among the population. 2.Labor on slave plantations was much more demanding than household slavery at any other time and in any other place. 3.Slavery in America was based on the plantation, an agricultural enterprise.

What does it reveal about ethnic diversity on the Atlantic coast of North America in 1760?

Correct Answer 1.Dutch settlements were primarily along the Hudson River in present-day New York. 2.North Carolina was a very diverse colony, with settlers from Germany, the Scottish Highlands, and England, as well as slaves from Africa. 3.The majority of Scotch-Irish lived inland, not directly on the Atlantic coast.

The Indian uprising led by Metacom, or King Philip's War, was the "bloodiest and most bitter conflict" to erupt in southern New England in the late seventeenth century. Identify the statements that describe this conflict and the dynamics between the settlers and Indians.

Correct Answer 1.Metacom was captured and executed, while those Indians who were captured were sold into slavery in the West Indies. 2.As a result of the conflict, settlers began to view the Indians as savages. 3.Indian tribes formed an alliance, allowing them to attack several English colonies at one time.

What does it reveal about settlements in North America in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries?

Correct Answer 1.Spanish settlements were grouped in present-day Florida and Georgia. These were the most southern settlements in North America. 2.English settlements extended along the Atlantic seaboard, from present-day Maine to Georgia. 3.French settlements were grouped along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes between present-day Canada and America.

Identify the statements that describe the colonial elite.

Correct Answer 1.The colonial elite often sought to emulate the lifestyle and customs of the British elite, by wearing English fashion and encouraging their sons to go to school in England. 2.The colonial elite enjoyed time in Charleston or Philadelphia, both urban centers at the time that provided theaters and social events.

When the English took over New York from the Dutch, they continued to allow religious toleration but minimized the rights the Dutch had given to which of the following groups of people?

Correct Answer 1.women 2.blacks

There were many rebellions that occurred in the late seventeenth century in both England and the colonies. Most triumphant were the Maryland rebels. Identify the statement that describes what caused the end of religious toleration in Maryland.

Correct Answer Maryland`s Protestant Association overthrew the colony`s Catholic proprietor, Lord Baltimore

What does the author have in mind when he calls America a "free country"?

Correct Answer Settlers are allowed to do as they choose, from selecting their means of employment, to settling land.

Identify the colony that was founded as a place of spiritual freedom and of peace between Indians and settlers.

Correct Answer Pennsylvania

Identify the statements that describe the Glorious Revolution in England and its impact on the colonies.

Correct Answer(s) 1.The Glorious Revolution was the culmination of the long struggle between Parliament and the crown for the English government, which established parliamentary supremacy. 2.As a result of the Glorious Revolution, fault lines in colonial society were exposed, providing an opportunity for local elites to regain authority. 3.As a result of the Glorious Revolution, Protestant domination was secured in most of the colonies.

William Penn's "holy experiment" allowed the Quakers to thrive in colonial Pennsylvania. Identify the statements that describe how Penn put his ideas into practice in Pennsylvania.

Correct Answers 1.Native Americans were treated peacefully. 2.Moral laws governing personal behavior were present. 3.Immigrants from all over Europe, no matter the faith they belonged to, were welcome.

American slavery flourished for many reasons, especially among the Chesapeake planters. Identify the statements that describe why Chesapeake planters found African slaves more suitable as a source of labor compared to indentured servants.

Correct Answers 1.Slaves' terms never expired. 2.The children of slaves had no rights and, therefore, also became slaves. 3.Slaves were more resistant to epidemics than natives were.

What does it reveal about the origins and status of migrants to British North American colonies from 1700-1775?

Correct Answers 1.The largest portion of English/Welsh migrants were convicts. 2.The majority of migrants overall were slaves.

Identify the statements that describe poverty in the colonies in the eighteenth century.

Describes poverty in the colonies 1.Poor colonists were viewed as lazy and responsible for their own poverty. 2.Poverty was not as widespread in the colonies as it was in England. 3.Half the wealth in the colonies was held by the richest 10 percent.

Identify the statements that describe the Covenant Chain and its outcomes.

Describes the Covenant Chain and Its Outcomes 1.The Iroquois Nations helped the British attack the French and their Indian allies. 2.The English formed an alliance with the Iroquois Nations and pledged to support each other in territorial acquisition and defeat of other tribes. 3.It led Iroquois Nations to adopt a policy of neutrality, allowing them to play European empires off each other in their attempt to profit from the fur trade.

William Penn was a devout member of the Society of Friends, or Quakers. Identify the statements that describe this religious group.

Describes the Quakers 1.believed in the equality of all persons (including women, blacks, and Indians) before God 2.faced persecution in England 3.the first group of whites to speak out against slavery

Many migrants settled into the British colonies. Identify the statements that describe the redemptioners.

Describes the redemptioners 1.indentured families that received passage to the New World in exchange for an agreement to work off their debts. 2.formed tightly knit farming communities in rural New York, western Pennsylvania, and the southern backcountry

Identify the statements that describe women and the household economy in the colonies.

Does not describe women and the household economy in the colonies 1.Compared to life in England, colonial women enjoyed significantly more free time. Describes women and the household economy in the colonies 1.All members of the family, including women, were required to contribute in order to support the family. 2.Women contributed by managing the cooking, cleaning, and assisting with farming chores, among other responsibilities.

Slave Code of 1705 (p. 104)

Enacted by the House of Burgesses, bringing together the scattered legislation of the previous century and adding new provisions that embedded the principle of white supremecy in the law. Was done due to a recognized growing importance of slavery.

Mercantilism encouraged the use of commerce to enrich countries. Identify the statement that describes how the Navigation laws supported mercantilism between England and its colonies.

English colonies of the new world had to export their raw materials only on English ships and sell them at English ports.

The Walking Purchase of 1737 represented fair dealings between colonists and natives.

False

The English Bill of Rights (1689)

Gave parliament certain rights (taxation) and further limited the powers of the Monarchy. -Gave individual rights to citizens (trial by jury)

What are staple crops? What English Colonies were dominated by staple crops?

Important cash crops; for example, cotton or tobacco. Chesapeake colonies & lower south

backcountry

In colonial America, the area stretching from central PENSYLVANIA southward through the Shenandoah Valley of VIRGINIA and into upland NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA

REVIEW QUESTION 8. What impact did the families being the center of economic life have on gender relations and the roles of women?

In the eighteenth century the family was the center of economic life change the society in its view on gender relations the roles of women.

Redemptioners

Indentured families or persons who received passage to the New World in exchange for a promise to work off their debt in America.

How did the English Toleration Act of 1690 impact the society of Massachusetts?

It created tension by forcing Puritans to accept protestants into their communities and leadership roles.

Navigation Acts

Law passed by the English Parliament to control colonial trade and bolster the mercantile system, 1650-1775; enforcement of the act led to growing resentment by colonists.

Identify the statements that describe the Lords of Trade and Domination of New England.

Lords of Trade 1.established in England to oversee colonial affairs Domination of New England 1.super-colony made up of New England colonies by James II in order to extract more money from America 2.ruled by the former New York governor, who did not have to answer to an elected assembly, reinforcing impressions that James II was an enemy of freedom

Why did the colonists identify themselves as British through the middle of the eighteenth century?

Many in Great Britain, however, saw the colonists as a collection of convicts, religious dissidents, and impoverished servants. This, in turn, inspired many colonists to assert a claim to Britishness more strongly. They insisted that British identity meant allegiance to certain values, among them free commerce and "English liberty."

If you traveled from new England to the South, how would you describe the diversity you saw between the different colonies?

New England has a much different climate and geography than the South, so the style of living and economy was also very different. In New England, the economy was based on some trade of timber and fish, but mostly self-sufficient family farms. In the South, farms were plantations where one kind of crop was grown, and African slave labor was used. The introduction of Africans into the Southern colonies created more diversity than in New England, where slave labor was not in demand.

Identify the colony that first belonged to the Dutch but later came under English control and King James's brother, the duke of York.

New Netherland

"Enumerated" goods were the most valuable colonial products in the mercantilist system between England and its colonies. Identify the items that were considered "enumerated" goods.

Not "enumerated" goods 1.Manufactured clothing 2.Wooden furniture Enumerated goods 1. tobacco 2. sugar

Sugar (p. 99)

Plantations labored by slaves. Made appearance in Brazil by 1600.

Mercantilism

Policy of Great Britain and other imperial powers of regulating the economies of colonies to benefit the mother country.

Quackers (Society of Friends)

Religious group in England and America whose members believed all persons possessed the "inner light" or spirit of God; they were early proponents of abolition of slavery and equal rights for women.

Yamasee Uprising, 1715

Revolt of Yamasee and Creek Indians, aggravated by rising debts and slave traders' raids, against Carolina settlers. Resulted in the expulsion of many Indians to Florida.

Initially, Carolina settlers tried raising cattle and trading with the natives, but what cash crop was ultimately responsible for Carolina's success?

Rice

How did English leaders understand the place and role of the American colonies in England's empire?

The role of the colonies was to produce raw materials and goods for commerce, and import manufactured goods from the mother country. All imports and exports in the American colonies had to go through English ships. English leaders saw the colonies only as a way to profit England.

"Cousinocracy" (p. 122)

The upperclass in Virginia, intermarried, close, tight-knit.

REVIEW QUESTION 9. What experiences caused people in the colonies to be like people in England and what experiences served to make them different?

They were able to vote, prospects of acquiring land, the right to worship as the pleased, and an escape from oppressive government. Free colonists enjoyed the highest per capita income in the world the colonies economic growth contributed to a high birthrate, long life expectancy, and expanding demand for consumer goods.

Slavery in the United States started in the Chesapeake Bay region, but it eventually spread throughout the colonies in order to support the cash crop production as fewer indentured servants came over from Europe.

True

The Salem witch trials revealed serious issues with Massachusetts's system of justice and, as a result, the court of Salem was dissolved by the governor and all prisoners were released.

True

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

Unsuccessful 1676 revolt led by planter Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia governor William Berkeley's administration because of governmental corruption and because Berkeley had failed to protect settlers from Indian raids and did not allow them to occupy Indian lands.

People, ideas, and goods flowed back and forth across the Atlantic. Goods from North America and the - became a major market for British manufactured goods. Tobacco grown in - was marketed in Britain, and then sold to Europe by British merchants. And rum produced in the West Indies was a popular good in -.

West Indies Chesapeake North American Colonies

Anglization

the process of adopting English culture in the American colonies by the elite

What was Bacon's Rebellion (1676) largely fought over?

land

What experiences caused people in the colonies to be like people people in England what experiences served to make them different?

American aristocrats intended to show their power and legitimacy by modeling their behavior and lifestyle off of the elite English. They imported London fashion, decorated their homes in and English style, and imported luxury goods. Because many poor people had come to America to make a living, the upper class felt alone. However, America is very different than England. Importing all those goods from overseas was expensive and put some of the aristocracy into debt. The American elite were nowhere as wealthy as the British, but at least had the opportunity to get involved in politics. America had no legally established lineage of social ranks, so there seemed to be more opportunity for people to rise to the top.

Lord of Trade

An English regulatory board established to oversee colonial affairs in 1675.

Covenant Chain

An alliance between the Iroquois Confederacy and the colony of New York which sought to establish Iroquois dominance over all other tribes and thus put New York in an economically and politically dominant position among the other colonies

Plantation

An early word for a colony, a settlement "planted" from abroad among an alien population in Ireland or the New World. Later, a large agricultural enterprise that used unfree labor to produce a crop for the world market.

Walking Purchase of 1737

An infamous 1737 purchase of Indian land in which Pennsylvanian colonists tricked the Lenni Lanape Indians. The Lanape agreed to cede land equivalent to the distance a man could walk in thirty-six hours, but the colonists marked out an area using a team of runners.

Glorious Revolution (1688)

Bloodless overthrow of King James II.William of Orange takes over and establishes parliamentary supremacy & rights for protestants. -Leads to the making of the English Bill of Rights

What impact did the family's being the center of economic life have on gender relations and the roles of women?

Colonists were focused on creating a living and a future for their family, which meant acquiring land to pass down to the son. At first, farmers focused on creating enough food and profits for their family to live, but trade soon increased and many farmers became involved in the market, requiring them to work harder on the land. With men doing the agricultural work, women were expected to take care of everything else, including caring for the children, so that the men could work on the land. This meant that more responsibilities were placed on women as the demand for goods increased. -Women were just beginning to assume a more independant yet vital role in society.

Dominion of New England (1686)

Consolidation into a single colony of the New England colonies—and later New York and New Jersey—by royal governor Edmund Andros in 1686; dominion reverted to individual colonial governments three years later.

Artisans (p. 120)

Skilled craftsmen.

How did King Philip's War, Bacon's Rebellion, and the Salem witch trials illustrate a widespread crisis in British North America in the late seventeenth century?

The American colonies began as widespread rural communities, without much structured government or protection besides wealthy landowners. America was proving to not be all it was made to be because people were scared of Native American attacks, couldn't own land, and lacked the regular European social structure. Because England was focused mainly on creating commerce, governing the colonies was overlooked and chaos broke out quickly.

By the end of the seventeenth century, commerce was the foundation of empire and the leading cause of competition between European empires. Explain how the North American colonies were directly linked to Atlantic commerce by laws and trade.

The North American colonies were required by law to import goods from Europe, or their mother country. The Navigation Acts reinforced North American trade with Europe. Trading ships in American ports had to be English, whether they were importing or exporting goods or material.

Metacom

The chief of the Wampanoags, whom the colonists called King Philip. He resented English efforts to convert Indians to Christianity and waged a war against the English colonists, one in which he was killed.

Identify the statement that explains why Virginia and Maryland shifted toward a reliance on slave labor.

The freedoms Pennsylvania offered European settlers led to a decrease in indendutred servants sailing.........

The social structure of the eighteenth-century colonies as growing more open for some but not for others. Consider the statement with respect to: men and women; whites and blacks; and rich and poor.

While men had the opportunity to start businesses, own land, and make a name for themselves, women were constantly at work. Anything that wasn't a "man's job" was given to women, including cooking, cleaning, agricultural chores, and taking care of children. Black people were enslaved and forced to work under harsh conditions, often resulting in early death, but white people had the freedom to own land and vote. Those who were rich got richer, and the poor were left to fend for themselves. Aristocrats were appointed to govern the colonies and they often overlooked the needs of poor people, or discriminated against them because the upper class believed it was no one's fault except the lower class for being poor.

English Toleration Act of 1690

allowed Protestant Dissenters (but not Catholics) to worship freely, although only Anglicans could hold public office.