Cultural Anthro: Luiz Vivanco: All quizzes

The lag time between the receipt and reciprocation of a gift is called ____________ ____________

delayed reciprocity

The practice of ________ which involves a payment to the groom's family by the bride's family ensures that the woman will be taken care of in her new home and will not make any claims on the groom's estate if he dies

dowry

Anthropologists tend to reject simplistic statements about overpopulation causing environmental problems, focusing instead of who consumes what ________ which seeks to identify what people consume and the waste they produce

ecological footprint

People reshape their environments to fit their needs, and nature only sets the groundwork of possibilities for cultural expression called ________ _________

environmental determinism

A marriage between a woman and her dead husband's ghost is a good example of polyandrous marriage

false

Anthropologists who study problems of sustainability tend to downplay the environment and tend to focus instead on how economic growth is the necessary key to long-term sustainability

false

In the Kula Ring, prestige and status come from receiving gifts, not giving them

false

The consensus among anthropologists is that human lives are basically "nasty, brutish, and short" (as Thomas Hobbes argued) unless they create an ordered society

false

The substantive approach is economic anthropology asserts that economic activities are best understood as the exchange of goods and services in with others to get what they want and need in the marketplace

false

capitalism which is based on the private ownership of the means of production, is a habit

false

for Marcel Mauss, gift exchange is based in prestige and profit

false

the primary goal of economic anthropology is the creation of abstract models of economics

false

anthropologists were among the first to use the term __________ to refer to the culturally-specific patterning of male or female behaviors. Today this concept refers to fluid intersections of sex, internal senses of self, outward expression of identity, and cultural expectations about how to perform that identity in appropriate ways.

gender

when you are freely giving and sharing things among family members and close friends, anthropologists would call this

generalized reciprocity

In her work on Zapotec manage conflicts, Laura Nader observed that there is a "harmony ________" that emphasizes a peaceful relationship

ideology

one of environmentalism's alternative frameworks is called "co-management," which strives for a more collaboration, why is this so challenging?

issues like jurisdiction, community, capacity, and benefits are often unsettled or contested

feminist anthropologists emphasized all of the following in their critique of kinship studies except:

kinship studies had long recognized that male and female are not natural categories based in biological differences

similar to clans, __________ tend to be composed of people who are direct descendents

lineages

Ho'oponopono which mean "setting to right," is a Hawaiian strategy for managing disputes. It is a form of ________ in which a re engage in a process that releases them from negative entanglements

meditation

________ _________ is a type of exchange in which strangers or adversaries attempt to get something for nothing

negative reciprocity

Anthropologists believe that gender variant identities are established by

performing the role socially

During the past forty years political anthropologists largely shifted their attention from the study of how people maintain social order to how politics actually work. Why?

politics also involves dynamic processes like manipulation, resistance, persuasion, and other techniques

the concept of ______ power focuses on the beliefs, social processes, and relationships that shape social action. This is created through the combined actions of social institutions, knowledge producers, and people in their everyday lives.

structural

what would be said by a structural-functionalist?

the age-grade systems you see in Sub-Saharan African villages work as rudimentary systems of political order

The concept of "fortress conservation" would be applicable to all of the following situations except:

the construction of eco-tourist facilities to protect visitors from wandering lions in the park

Political anthropologists who pay close attention to informal mechanisms of social control would be interested in all of all the following except

the power that goes along with being president of a country

dynamics of sturctural violence, such as those identified in Paul Farmer's research on Haitians' health are important to anthropologists because

they point to the bodily harm caused by political, economic, and social structures.

The reason that a man in a matrilineal kinship system is expected to marry his father's sister's daughter is:

to create alliance with another matrilineage

Groups of people who work together toward common ends, much as a corporation does.

true

In the article on the Pulse Nightclub mass shooting, the anthropologist Zachary Shane Kalish Blair asserts that an anthropological perspective goes nowhere but is the result of seemingly disconnected social, political, and economic processes that work to produce violence

true

concerns around dormcest and floorcest exist primarily because of their potential to disrupt social bonds and relationships beyond the individuals engaging in sexual relations

true

for anthropologists, owning things is less about the things and more about the social interaction

true

in Western cultures, the goal of settling a dispute is typically to win. But in some societies the goal is to essentially end with a tie, restoring society

true

violence can mean different things, depending on whether you observed it, it happened to you, and how the society deal with it

true

A key concept at the heart of economic anthropology ________ is not the same as price; it is a culturally-relative and symbolic assessment

value

How would a Formalist anthropologist understand economic activity and the creation of value?

value is created when people use rational decision-making processes to satisfy their needs

__________ accusations can catch tensions before they erupt in violence, operating like an insurance scheme

witchcraft

According to James Igoe, cattle are so important to Maasai that they have traditionally served as a medium of exchange. What does this mean?

Cows are given for socially-important relationships such as marriage

not a key component of Brian Ferguson about war

Culturally-specific values play a very minor role in the reasons for and conduct of war

Big man politics demonstrates

How economic activities, such as exchange and reciprocity, are used for political ends That one can become a leader by being generous and giving wealth to others The role of persuasion not coercion in this political system

when cultural anthropologists examine families in different cultures, they used cultural analysis to examine

the genetic differences among different members of the extended family

Which statement would be most likely to be said by an economic anthropologist?

"In many economies, the point is not to accumulate things; it is to accumulate relations"

which statement would be most likely to be uttered by an anthropologist?

"Sexuality is not a deep essence of a person, but rather learned actions, preferences, and performances"

All cultures basically have the same understanding about what nature is and the boundaries between it and humans

False

according to James Igoe, the Maasai have historically been unappreciative of the wildlife in their midst, and the success of nature conservation is that important

False

anthropological interest in political power is mostly focused on the formal roles, constitutions, and laws of a society.

False

an environmental anthropologist trained since the 1980s would be most interested in conducting which kind of research project?

a study of the social effects of "fortress conservation" in a rural African community

In the anthropological study of kinship, endogamy is

an expectation that an individual will marry within his/her descent lineage

a landscape modified by human action, whether it is intentional or unintentional, is an __________ landscape

anthropogenic

although economists and anthropologists both study how economic systems work, what is the most important distinction

anthropologists assume that economic rationalities, systems, and transactions are diverse

when you are consuming an object the process of taking possession of it is called:

appropriation

If there is an anthropological point to make about George Orwell's essay "shooting and elephant" it is that:

beliefs, dogmas, and ideologies can persuade people to participate in their own domination

Why do contemporary anthropologists have reservation about political typologies like the "Band-Tribe-Chiefdom-State"

categories like "band" and "tribe" are ideal types, and the boundaries between them often blur in the real world

The Theory of ______ _______ asserts that it is important to understand the local beliefs and cultural models that guide and shape peoples

cultural economics

Marvin Harris' theoretical approach to human-nature relations, called _____________ ___________, explains that customs determine behavior

cultural materialism