Cultural Anthro: Luiz Vivanco: All quizzes
The lag time between the receipt and reciprocation of a gift is called ____________ ____________
delayed reciprocity
The practice of ________ which involves a payment to the groom's family by the bride's family ensures that the woman will be taken care of in her new home and will not make any claims on the groom's estate if he dies
dowry
Anthropologists tend to reject simplistic statements about overpopulation causing environmental problems, focusing instead of who consumes what ________ which seeks to identify what people consume and the waste they produce
ecological footprint
People reshape their environments to fit their needs, and nature only sets the groundwork of possibilities for cultural expression called ________ _________
environmental determinism
A marriage between a woman and her dead husband's ghost is a good example of polyandrous marriage
false
Anthropologists who study problems of sustainability tend to downplay the environment and tend to focus instead on how economic growth is the necessary key to long-term sustainability
false
In the Kula Ring, prestige and status come from receiving gifts, not giving them
false
The consensus among anthropologists is that human lives are basically "nasty, brutish, and short" (as Thomas Hobbes argued) unless they create an ordered society
false
The substantive approach is economic anthropology asserts that economic activities are best understood as the exchange of goods and services in with others to get what they want and need in the marketplace
false
capitalism which is based on the private ownership of the means of production, is a habit
false
for Marcel Mauss, gift exchange is based in prestige and profit
false
the primary goal of economic anthropology is the creation of abstract models of economics
false
anthropologists were among the first to use the term __________ to refer to the culturally-specific patterning of male or female behaviors. Today this concept refers to fluid intersections of sex, internal senses of self, outward expression of identity, and cultural expectations about how to perform that identity in appropriate ways.
gender
when you are freely giving and sharing things among family members and close friends, anthropologists would call this
generalized reciprocity
In her work on Zapotec manage conflicts, Laura Nader observed that there is a "harmony ________" that emphasizes a peaceful relationship
ideology
one of environmentalism's alternative frameworks is called "co-management," which strives for a more collaboration, why is this so challenging?
issues like jurisdiction, community, capacity, and benefits are often unsettled or contested
feminist anthropologists emphasized all of the following in their critique of kinship studies except:
kinship studies had long recognized that male and female are not natural categories based in biological differences
similar to clans, __________ tend to be composed of people who are direct descendents
lineages
Ho'oponopono which mean "setting to right," is a Hawaiian strategy for managing disputes. It is a form of ________ in which a re engage in a process that releases them from negative entanglements
meditation
________ _________ is a type of exchange in which strangers or adversaries attempt to get something for nothing
negative reciprocity
Anthropologists believe that gender variant identities are established by
performing the role socially
During the past forty years political anthropologists largely shifted their attention from the study of how people maintain social order to how politics actually work. Why?
politics also involves dynamic processes like manipulation, resistance, persuasion, and other techniques
the concept of ______ power focuses on the beliefs, social processes, and relationships that shape social action. This is created through the combined actions of social institutions, knowledge producers, and people in their everyday lives.
structural
what would be said by a structural-functionalist?
the age-grade systems you see in Sub-Saharan African villages work as rudimentary systems of political order
The concept of "fortress conservation" would be applicable to all of the following situations except:
the construction of eco-tourist facilities to protect visitors from wandering lions in the park
Political anthropologists who pay close attention to informal mechanisms of social control would be interested in all of all the following except
the power that goes along with being president of a country
dynamics of sturctural violence, such as those identified in Paul Farmer's research on Haitians' health are important to anthropologists because
they point to the bodily harm caused by political, economic, and social structures.
The reason that a man in a matrilineal kinship system is expected to marry his father's sister's daughter is:
to create alliance with another matrilineage
Groups of people who work together toward common ends, much as a corporation does.
true
In the article on the Pulse Nightclub mass shooting, the anthropologist Zachary Shane Kalish Blair asserts that an anthropological perspective goes nowhere but is the result of seemingly disconnected social, political, and economic processes that work to produce violence
true
concerns around dormcest and floorcest exist primarily because of their potential to disrupt social bonds and relationships beyond the individuals engaging in sexual relations
true
for anthropologists, owning things is less about the things and more about the social interaction
true
in Western cultures, the goal of settling a dispute is typically to win. But in some societies the goal is to essentially end with a tie, restoring society
true
violence can mean different things, depending on whether you observed it, it happened to you, and how the society deal with it
true
A key concept at the heart of economic anthropology ________ is not the same as price; it is a culturally-relative and symbolic assessment
value
How would a Formalist anthropologist understand economic activity and the creation of value?
value is created when people use rational decision-making processes to satisfy their needs
__________ accusations can catch tensions before they erupt in violence, operating like an insurance scheme
witchcraft
According to James Igoe, cattle are so important to Maasai that they have traditionally served as a medium of exchange. What does this mean?
Cows are given for socially-important relationships such as marriage
not a key component of Brian Ferguson about war
Culturally-specific values play a very minor role in the reasons for and conduct of war
Big man politics demonstrates
How economic activities, such as exchange and reciprocity, are used for political ends That one can become a leader by being generous and giving wealth to others The role of persuasion not coercion in this political system
when cultural anthropologists examine families in different cultures, they used cultural analysis to examine
the genetic differences among different members of the extended family
Which statement would be most likely to be said by an economic anthropologist?
"In many economies, the point is not to accumulate things; it is to accumulate relations"
which statement would be most likely to be uttered by an anthropologist?
"Sexuality is not a deep essence of a person, but rather learned actions, preferences, and performances"
All cultures basically have the same understanding about what nature is and the boundaries between it and humans
False
according to James Igoe, the Maasai have historically been unappreciative of the wildlife in their midst, and the success of nature conservation is that important
False
anthropological interest in political power is mostly focused on the formal roles, constitutions, and laws of a society.
False
an environmental anthropologist trained since the 1980s would be most interested in conducting which kind of research project?
a study of the social effects of "fortress conservation" in a rural African community
In the anthropological study of kinship, endogamy is
an expectation that an individual will marry within his/her descent lineage
a landscape modified by human action, whether it is intentional or unintentional, is an __________ landscape
anthropogenic
although economists and anthropologists both study how economic systems work, what is the most important distinction
anthropologists assume that economic rationalities, systems, and transactions are diverse
when you are consuming an object the process of taking possession of it is called:
appropriation
If there is an anthropological point to make about George Orwell's essay "shooting and elephant" it is that:
beliefs, dogmas, and ideologies can persuade people to participate in their own domination
Why do contemporary anthropologists have reservation about political typologies like the "Band-Tribe-Chiefdom-State"
categories like "band" and "tribe" are ideal types, and the boundaries between them often blur in the real world
The Theory of ______ _______ asserts that it is important to understand the local beliefs and cultural models that guide and shape peoples
cultural economics
Marvin Harris' theoretical approach to human-nature relations, called _____________ ___________, explains that customs determine behavior
cultural materialism