Curtis Med Term Unit 5: Lecture Notes

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paramnesia

A distortion of memory in which fact and fantasy are confused

euphoria

A feeling of great happiness or well-being

resonance

A phenomenon that occurs when two objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency

obsessive-compulsive disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions (compulsions).

panic disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Aos and Tithinos

Aos was a goddess and Tithinos was a mortal Tithinos wastes away

gyration

Circular or spiral motion

Ovids Echo and Narcissus

Echo was cursed to repeat what everyone says Narcisuss's lover died, so he was cursed to love himself

geometric proofs extramission- beams/rays shoot out from our eye perspective- how we see things higher or lower in the field different letters look different at different angles answers why we can see a needle in a haystack better closer

Euclid's Optics C. 300BC

T/F Euclid was an ancient physician interested in vision.

False

T/F Euclid's extramission theory of vision is consistent with our modern understanding of how vision occurs.

False

T/F Galen believed that the mental faculties of the brain were located in the cerebellum.

False

dreams in psycholanalysis

Feud and Jung Greek myths, hypnosis

alma mater

Nourishing, Kind, Mother

dura mater

Outermost layer of the meninges

pontiff

Pope

stigmata

Roman Catholic tradition that those close to Jesus will bear marks in their wrists, feet, and side

concussion concussus, -i

TBI shaken violently

pupillometry

The process of measuring the pupil

T/F Euclid's Optics had an influence on European art.

True

T/F Galen believed that nature placed a ventricle next to the spinal cord and cerebellum for a purpose.

True

T/F Galen links the mental faculties with the psychikon pneuma.

True

T/F Galen's notiaios myelonos is the spinal cord.

True

T/F Galen's parenkephalis is the cerebellum.

True

dissonance

Unpleasant or unharmonious sound

complex

a core pattern of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes

dysthymia

a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depression

phosphorous

a light bearer

melancholic

a person who is depressed

anthropolyko

a person who perceives himself to be a wolf associated with having too much black bile

Hypochondriasis

a preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffering from a serious condition that persists despite medical reassurance to the contrary

trop/o -tropion -tropia

a turn, or turning

theater

a viewing place

psychosis

abnormal condition of the mind, disorientation that causes them to have difficulty interacting with the world around them, schizophrenia

epidural

above the dura

Oedipus complex

according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

diencephalon

across brain, thalamus and hypothalamus

Gr. praxis

action, doing

ana

again, recall, upward

Gr. amygdale

almond, tonsil, amygdala

tendon

also neuro connecting

lethe

amnesia

incus, incudis incud/o

anvil

hysteria

associated with the womb/uterus notion that the uterus could move about

-philia

attraction for

apo

away from

ax/o

axis, axle, axons

not/o

back

occipital

back of head

Galen on ventricles

believed nerves should come off the cerebellum soul existed in the cavities space for rational thought

Metencephalon

beyond the brain, pons and cerebellum

macropinna microstoma

big fins and small mouth fish

anopia

blind

scotoma

blind spot, not a tumor

Gr, soma, somatos

body

somat/o soma

body

ambi, diplo

both

ambi-

both, both sides, around, about

L. Plexus, -us M.

braided

L. Ramus, -i

branch sensory

cata

breakdown, downward

pneuma

breath

psychikon pneuma

breath of life, soul

pons, pontis, m

bridge, connecting

L. fasciculus, -i fascis

bundle of sticks synonymous with tractus

ceramodontia

ceramic teeth

parenkephalis

cerebellum (alongside the brain)

cerebellum, -i, n

cerebellum (little brain)

cerebrum, -i, n cerebr/o

cerebrum

camer/o

chamber, vault, cavity

Pontifex Maximus

chief priest, highest emporer

Gr. kyklos

circle, wheel, ciliary body

Gr. keramos

clay, ceramics

temporal

close to the ear

2nd ventricle

cognitiva and estimativa

hematoma

collection of blood

chromosome (-soma)

color showed up from dye

paraplegia and quadriplegia

come from spinal cord injuries

sensus communis

common sense

-plegia, -palsy

complete paralysis

concha, -ae conch/o

conch shell anything that looks slightly like a conch shell

dysphoria

condition of bearing faulty

dysphrasia dyslalia dysphasia dyslogia

condition of difficult speech

Gr. klonos clonus

confusion turmoil

aural atresia

congenital absence of the external auditory canal

conjunctiva, -ae

conjunctiva mucous membrane around the eye

Gr, spasmos

convulsion, wrenching, involuntary contraction

cornea, -ae

cornea means horn-like

optometrist

corrects vision

Electra complex

counterpart to Oedipus complex, the unconscious desire of girls to replace their mother and win their father's romantic love

barotitis

damage to the middle ear, eustachian tube and nerve caused by exposure to extreme atmospheric pressure

Gr. choreia

dancing (like a chorus)

Gr. skotos

darkness

necro

dead bodies

anacusis

deaf

L. deludere

deceive, delusion

coma

deep sleep

fissura, -ae, f

deeper groove, to cleave separates lobes

L. de + lira

delirium, furrow (deviant behavior, temporary confusion, away from the furrow)

pia mater

devoted mother

dreams in ancient medicine

diagnostic of illnesses

nosos of the soma

disease of the body that affects the soul

ataxo

disorder

cyclothymia

disorder that consists of mood swings from moderate depression

medicus oculi

doctor of the eye needed to have a big city to specialize lack of nutrition causes eye diseases

-ptosis

downward displacement

osm/o

driving, pushing

tympanum, -i tympan/o

drum, eardrum

ambly

dull

auris, -is aur/o ot/o

ear

myringa myring/o

eardrum

cerumen, ceruminis cerumin/o

earwax

limbus

edge, border

pathos of the psyche

emotional appeal, suffering rage, lovesickness treatment is comfort

Telencephalon

end brain, cerebrum

Gr. encephalon encephal/o

entire brain

iso

equal

Galen On the Use of the Parts

everything has a purpose opposable thumbs for tools nothing was made in error [Colossians 1:16 For in him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things have been created through him and for him.]

epiphora

excessive tear formation

hypersthenic

excessively strong, associated with gravity

mydriatic

expansion or dilation of the pupil

auris externa auris media auris interna

external ear middle ear internal ear

pinna, auricle, auricula auricul/o

external portion of the ear

theory of how we see emission of light from the eyes sent out like a flashlight argument is if someone is put in the dark

extramission

acr/o

extremity

oculus, -i ocul/o opthalm/o

eye

Snellen

eye chart

opthamologist

eye doctor

trichiasis

eyelash rubs against the eye

L. cilium, -i cili/o, ciliar/o

eyelash, hair-like projection, cilium

palbebr/o blephar/o

eyelid

palpebra, -ae

eyelid

entropion

eyelid turns inward

ectropion

eyelid turns out

syncope

fainting (to cut off completely)

1st ventricle

fantasia and imaginativa

agoraphobia

fear of open spaces

Pan and panic disorders

feeling of a heart attack, palpitations, stress comes from the god Pan

oligo

few

pyro

fire

In which chamber (ventricle) of the brain, does the sensus communis exist according to Nemesius and later theorists.

first

Prosencephalon

forebrain

frontal

forehead

prosthioai koiliai

forward cavity

proso-, prostho-, prosocoel(e)

forward, anterior

sulcus, -i

furrow shallow groove in the land

vitr/o, vitre/o, hyal/o

glass, glass-like, vitreous humor

Gr. glia

glue

Ascelpius

god of medicine

mens bona

goddess of good mind

Athena/Minerva

goddess of wisdom, skills, and warfare

Gr. polios poli/o

grey

substantia grisea

grey matter cell bodies are grey, soma

hemi-

half hemiplegia caused by stroke

malleus, -i malle/o

hammer

chir/o

hand

labe

handle, trilabe, litholabe, astrolabe

sclera, -ae scler/o

hard white of the eye

cornu

hard (cornea)

cephal/o kephale

head

auditus, audit/o

hear

audi/o, audit/o acoust/o, acust. -acusis, -acousia

hearing

audit/o

hearing

cele

hernia, protrusion

crypt/o

hidden

acro

high, extremities

Rhombencephalon

hindbrain

Sciatica

hip pain

koilos (coel-, cel-, celi-)

hollow, cavity, abdomen

Gr. keratos

horn

L. cornea

horn

L. cornu

horn

Hippo / Hippopotamus

horse / river horse

Gr. hypnos

hypnosis, sleep, sleep inducing

ego

i, self

lobotomy

incision into a lobe

phrenitis

inflammation of the diaphragm, mental confusion

thalamus, -i

inner room, chamber, anterior portion of the brain stem

fossores

insects that dig their nests

Gr. Noos, nous (noe-)

intellect, mind

theory of seeing light is sent into the eye

intromission

esotropia

inward turning of the eye

iris, iridis irid/o, ir/o

iris, rainbow goddess of the rainbow

L. nucleus, -i

kernel, little nut

thanato

killing things, death

Gr, ganglion

knot, tumor

Cassandra complex

knowing the future but nobody will believe Apollo made her a prophetess because he was in love with her

Gnosis, gnomon

knowing, comprehension

achlor

lack of green vision

apathy

lack of interest or emotion

anhedonia

lack of pleasure, indifference

lacramalis, -e

lacrimal

Lex

law, reading

lens, lentis L. lent/o Gr. phak/o, phac/o

lentil, lens

chalazion

lesion on the eyelid

mi/o, mei/o

less, fewer

miotic miosis

lessening or shrinking of the pupil

phlegmatic

lethargic, slow, easily fatigued

bio

life

Gr. phos, photos

light

L. lumen, luminis

light

ventricles

little bellies

L. funiculus, funis

little rope, rope dorsal, lateral, ventral

salphinx salping/o

long tube (Eustachian tube, fallopian tube)

belpharochlasis blepharoplasty

loss in elasticity surgical repair

mania

madness

anthropocentric

man-centered

bipolar disorder

manic depression

Leonardo da Vinci Aristotle Galen Christian Bishop

mapping of the brain 3 cavities On the Nature of Man

Medulla, -ae, f

marrow

labyrinth (osseus, vestibularis, cochlearis)

maze, inner ear

Meninx, meningis f

membrane

3rd ventricle

memorativa

Gr. mneme

memory

hippocampus

memory

neurosis

mental disorder, faulty thinking pattern

Mesencephalon

midbrain, tectum and tegmentum

gr. phren-

midriff, diaphragm, mind

L. mens, mentis

mind

L. de + mens, mentis

mind Loss of orientation, memory, rationality; degenerative

plei/o, pli/o, ple/o

more

mater, matris

mother

kines

movement (faulty movement pattern)

Gr. neuron

nerve, sinew

neura (plur) neuron (sing)

neuron

nyct/o, noct/o

night

kary/o

nucleus of a cell

L. nux, nucis

nut

psychic

of the psyche or mind; beyond natural or known physical processes

presby

old

cyclopia

one eye

sanguine

optimistic, cheerful, happy

Gr. taxis

order, arrangement, coordination

krystalloideis/crystalline lens

origin of sight

all/o

other

exotropia

outward turning of the eye

dys

pain

retina, -ae

part of the eye associated with vision net-like

mer

partial

meatus, -us meat/o

passage, pathway

L. tractus

pathway, dragging bundle of parallel axons

Psychosomatic

pertaining to the mind and body

conjunctivitis

pink eye

top/o, loc/o

place

Gr, hedone

pleasure

L. lobus, -i

pod, lobe 4 lobes of the brain

stigma, stigmata

point or mark

archeo

primitive, ancient, old

core/o, -coria

pupil little doll (you can see yourself in a person's pupil)

pupilla, -ae pupill/o

pupil whole in the iris in which light enters

psychosexual disorders

pyrophila, pedophila, autophilia, scopophilia

hydrophobia

rabies; fear of water because it makes it hard to swallow

erythr/o

red

ametropia

refractive error

astigmatism

refractive error so it doesn't come into a point

stapedectomy

removal of the stapes and replacement with a prosthesis; done to correct hearing loss from otosclerosis

retin/o

retina

L. cortex, corticis, m

rind, bark outer covering of an organ

L. gyrus, -i

ring, circle

Gr. rhiza radix

root motor

hippocampi

seahorses pull Poseidon's chariot [Littlefield fountain]

myopia

see close up back of the eye is too long shortsided

hyperopia

see far away back of the eye is too short farsided

Gr. lepsis

seizure

aut/o

self

esthesi/o, esthet/o aisthesis, aisthetos

sensation lack of sensation

esthetic

sensation, feeling

koine aesthesis

sensation/perception

L. Fossa, ae, f

shallower groove than sulcus but similar Roman Roads [to salvation]

vis/o

sight, vision

L. somnus

sleep

L. sopor

sleep

narco

sleep

-paresis

slight or partial paralysis

petit mal and abscence

small bad, person loses slight consciousness

ossicles

small bones

utriculus, utricul/o sacculus, saccul/o

small sac/bag

olfact/o, -osmia, -osphresis

smell

olfactus, olfact/o

smell

agyria

smooth brain, not very bright

cochlea, -ae cochle/o

snail shell

stereo

solid, 3-dimensional

stere/o

solid, three-dimensional

camera, ae

something to take pictures with

phobos

son of Aries, strikes fear in people in the middle of battle

Gr. psyche

soul, mind

Gr. thymos

soul, seat of emotion

acousm/o, acousmat/o

sound

son/o

sound

circumsonance

sound around

Gr. phrasis

speech, phrase

arachn/o

spider

notiaios myelos

spinal cord

Myelencephalon

spinal cord brain, medulla oblongata

schisis

split

macul/o

spot; macula lutea

astr/o

star

ankyl/o

stiff

stapes, stapedis staped/o

stirrup

sthen/o

strength

Gr. narke

stupor, sleep

hordeolum

stye

Gr. pathos

suffering/affection; disease, emotion

cataracts/glaucoma

synonymous for them waterfall/silvery

Gustus, gust/o

taste

gust/o, -geusia, -geusis

taste

lacrima, -ae lacrim/o dacry/o

tear

L. temperamentum

temperament, mixture (throughout the body)

neuron, neurosis

tendon

Gr, tonos

tension, stretching

Thalamus, i, m

thalamus relays sensory info for the cortex

Aristotle and the Sense of Hearing vision cardiocentric

the lens becomes like the orange whatever you're looking at, that sensory organ changes the person is as sensible as the object it sensis communis is in the heart not the brain

vertigo

the sensation of dizziness/spinning

theseus and the minotaur

the wife of Minos falls in love w a bull

pachy-

thicc

pykno

thick, dense, compact frequent

lepto-

thin

L. meninx, meningis, f

thin film

Arachne

thinks he's better than Athena, so they weave off and he is cursed into a spider

L. fugere (-fugal) efferent

to flee to bear out or away

Gr. kineein L. mobere, motum

to move

L. petere (-petal) afferent

to seek to bear toward

L. mittere, missum, mit-, miss-, mitt-,

to send

phag/o

to swallow

Gr. lalein

to talk, to speak

L. halucinari

to wander in mind, to dream hallucination is any of the senses

ergo

to work

pontic

tooth bonded by a bridge

tact/o, tang/o

touch

tactus, tact/o

touch

dendr/o

treelike, dendron, dendrites

t/f thymo is a homomorphism

true with thymus

tuba auditoria

tube regulates pressure in the middle ear

oncus

tumor

ependyma

type of glial cell that lines the brain

subdural

under the dura mater dangerous leads to lack of coordination, cephalgia, and confusion

Vitruvius and acoustics

understands materials of the theater have an affects on sounds amphitheater

epi

upon

hypertropia and hypotropia

upward turning of the eye downward turning of the eye

couching of a cataract

use a needle to push a lens down or remove it can result in 20/30 vision

uter/o

uterus

grand mal and tonic-clonic

very bad seizure

-opia, -opsia, -opsis

vision

opt/o, optic/o

vision

visus, vis/o

vision

choleric

volatile, angry personality

emisis

vomiting

parietal

wall of a cavity

aque/o

water water-like, aqueous humor

cera, -ae cer/o

wax

asthen

weakness

asthenia

weakness

substantia alba

white matter myelination of the axons make it white

fenestra, -ae fenestra, -ae

window, opening

pteryg/o, -pteryx, pter/o

wing, feather

L. pinna, penna

wing, fin, feather

Gr. lexis lex/o, lexia, lexic/o

word, reading

Gr. logos

word, speech, thought


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