Curtis Med Term Unit 5: Lecture Notes
paramnesia
A distortion of memory in which fact and fantasy are confused
euphoria
A feeling of great happiness or well-being
resonance
A phenomenon that occurs when two objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency
obsessive-compulsive disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions (compulsions).
panic disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Aos and Tithinos
Aos was a goddess and Tithinos was a mortal Tithinos wastes away
gyration
Circular or spiral motion
Ovids Echo and Narcissus
Echo was cursed to repeat what everyone says Narcisuss's lover died, so he was cursed to love himself
geometric proofs extramission- beams/rays shoot out from our eye perspective- how we see things higher or lower in the field different letters look different at different angles answers why we can see a needle in a haystack better closer
Euclid's Optics C. 300BC
T/F Euclid was an ancient physician interested in vision.
False
T/F Euclid's extramission theory of vision is consistent with our modern understanding of how vision occurs.
False
T/F Galen believed that the mental faculties of the brain were located in the cerebellum.
False
dreams in psycholanalysis
Feud and Jung Greek myths, hypnosis
alma mater
Nourishing, Kind, Mother
dura mater
Outermost layer of the meninges
pontiff
Pope
stigmata
Roman Catholic tradition that those close to Jesus will bear marks in their wrists, feet, and side
concussion concussus, -i
TBI shaken violently
pupillometry
The process of measuring the pupil
T/F Euclid's Optics had an influence on European art.
True
T/F Galen believed that nature placed a ventricle next to the spinal cord and cerebellum for a purpose.
True
T/F Galen links the mental faculties with the psychikon pneuma.
True
T/F Galen's notiaios myelonos is the spinal cord.
True
T/F Galen's parenkephalis is the cerebellum.
True
dissonance
Unpleasant or unharmonious sound
complex
a core pattern of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes
dysthymia
a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depression
phosphorous
a light bearer
melancholic
a person who is depressed
anthropolyko
a person who perceives himself to be a wolf associated with having too much black bile
Hypochondriasis
a preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffering from a serious condition that persists despite medical reassurance to the contrary
trop/o -tropion -tropia
a turn, or turning
theater
a viewing place
psychosis
abnormal condition of the mind, disorientation that causes them to have difficulty interacting with the world around them, schizophrenia
epidural
above the dura
Oedipus complex
according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
diencephalon
across brain, thalamus and hypothalamus
Gr. praxis
action, doing
ana
again, recall, upward
Gr. amygdale
almond, tonsil, amygdala
tendon
also neuro connecting
lethe
amnesia
incus, incudis incud/o
anvil
hysteria
associated with the womb/uterus notion that the uterus could move about
-philia
attraction for
apo
away from
ax/o
axis, axle, axons
not/o
back
occipital
back of head
Galen on ventricles
believed nerves should come off the cerebellum soul existed in the cavities space for rational thought
Metencephalon
beyond the brain, pons and cerebellum
macropinna microstoma
big fins and small mouth fish
anopia
blind
scotoma
blind spot, not a tumor
Gr, soma, somatos
body
somat/o soma
body
ambi, diplo
both
ambi-
both, both sides, around, about
L. Plexus, -us M.
braided
L. Ramus, -i
branch sensory
cata
breakdown, downward
pneuma
breath
psychikon pneuma
breath of life, soul
pons, pontis, m
bridge, connecting
L. fasciculus, -i fascis
bundle of sticks synonymous with tractus
ceramodontia
ceramic teeth
parenkephalis
cerebellum (alongside the brain)
cerebellum, -i, n
cerebellum (little brain)
cerebrum, -i, n cerebr/o
cerebrum
camer/o
chamber, vault, cavity
Pontifex Maximus
chief priest, highest emporer
Gr. kyklos
circle, wheel, ciliary body
Gr. keramos
clay, ceramics
temporal
close to the ear
2nd ventricle
cognitiva and estimativa
hematoma
collection of blood
chromosome (-soma)
color showed up from dye
paraplegia and quadriplegia
come from spinal cord injuries
sensus communis
common sense
-plegia, -palsy
complete paralysis
concha, -ae conch/o
conch shell anything that looks slightly like a conch shell
dysphoria
condition of bearing faulty
dysphrasia dyslalia dysphasia dyslogia
condition of difficult speech
Gr. klonos clonus
confusion turmoil
aural atresia
congenital absence of the external auditory canal
conjunctiva, -ae
conjunctiva mucous membrane around the eye
Gr, spasmos
convulsion, wrenching, involuntary contraction
cornea, -ae
cornea means horn-like
optometrist
corrects vision
Electra complex
counterpart to Oedipus complex, the unconscious desire of girls to replace their mother and win their father's romantic love
barotitis
damage to the middle ear, eustachian tube and nerve caused by exposure to extreme atmospheric pressure
Gr. choreia
dancing (like a chorus)
Gr. skotos
darkness
necro
dead bodies
anacusis
deaf
L. deludere
deceive, delusion
coma
deep sleep
fissura, -ae, f
deeper groove, to cleave separates lobes
L. de + lira
delirium, furrow (deviant behavior, temporary confusion, away from the furrow)
pia mater
devoted mother
dreams in ancient medicine
diagnostic of illnesses
nosos of the soma
disease of the body that affects the soul
ataxo
disorder
cyclothymia
disorder that consists of mood swings from moderate depression
medicus oculi
doctor of the eye needed to have a big city to specialize lack of nutrition causes eye diseases
-ptosis
downward displacement
osm/o
driving, pushing
tympanum, -i tympan/o
drum, eardrum
ambly
dull
auris, -is aur/o ot/o
ear
myringa myring/o
eardrum
cerumen, ceruminis cerumin/o
earwax
limbus
edge, border
pathos of the psyche
emotional appeal, suffering rage, lovesickness treatment is comfort
Telencephalon
end brain, cerebrum
Gr. encephalon encephal/o
entire brain
iso
equal
Galen On the Use of the Parts
everything has a purpose opposable thumbs for tools nothing was made in error [Colossians 1:16 For in him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things have been created through him and for him.]
epiphora
excessive tear formation
hypersthenic
excessively strong, associated with gravity
mydriatic
expansion or dilation of the pupil
auris externa auris media auris interna
external ear middle ear internal ear
pinna, auricle, auricula auricul/o
external portion of the ear
theory of how we see emission of light from the eyes sent out like a flashlight argument is if someone is put in the dark
extramission
acr/o
extremity
oculus, -i ocul/o opthalm/o
eye
Snellen
eye chart
opthamologist
eye doctor
trichiasis
eyelash rubs against the eye
L. cilium, -i cili/o, ciliar/o
eyelash, hair-like projection, cilium
palbebr/o blephar/o
eyelid
palpebra, -ae
eyelid
entropion
eyelid turns inward
ectropion
eyelid turns out
syncope
fainting (to cut off completely)
1st ventricle
fantasia and imaginativa
agoraphobia
fear of open spaces
Pan and panic disorders
feeling of a heart attack, palpitations, stress comes from the god Pan
oligo
few
pyro
fire
In which chamber (ventricle) of the brain, does the sensus communis exist according to Nemesius and later theorists.
first
Prosencephalon
forebrain
frontal
forehead
prosthioai koiliai
forward cavity
proso-, prostho-, prosocoel(e)
forward, anterior
sulcus, -i
furrow shallow groove in the land
vitr/o, vitre/o, hyal/o
glass, glass-like, vitreous humor
Gr. glia
glue
Ascelpius
god of medicine
mens bona
goddess of good mind
Athena/Minerva
goddess of wisdom, skills, and warfare
Gr. polios poli/o
grey
substantia grisea
grey matter cell bodies are grey, soma
hemi-
half hemiplegia caused by stroke
malleus, -i malle/o
hammer
chir/o
hand
labe
handle, trilabe, litholabe, astrolabe
sclera, -ae scler/o
hard white of the eye
cornu
hard (cornea)
cephal/o kephale
head
auditus, audit/o
hear
audi/o, audit/o acoust/o, acust. -acusis, -acousia
hearing
audit/o
hearing
cele
hernia, protrusion
crypt/o
hidden
acro
high, extremities
Rhombencephalon
hindbrain
Sciatica
hip pain
koilos (coel-, cel-, celi-)
hollow, cavity, abdomen
Gr. keratos
horn
L. cornea
horn
L. cornu
horn
Hippo / Hippopotamus
horse / river horse
Gr. hypnos
hypnosis, sleep, sleep inducing
ego
i, self
lobotomy
incision into a lobe
phrenitis
inflammation of the diaphragm, mental confusion
thalamus, -i
inner room, chamber, anterior portion of the brain stem
fossores
insects that dig their nests
Gr. Noos, nous (noe-)
intellect, mind
theory of seeing light is sent into the eye
intromission
esotropia
inward turning of the eye
iris, iridis irid/o, ir/o
iris, rainbow goddess of the rainbow
L. nucleus, -i
kernel, little nut
thanato
killing things, death
Gr, ganglion
knot, tumor
Cassandra complex
knowing the future but nobody will believe Apollo made her a prophetess because he was in love with her
Gnosis, gnomon
knowing, comprehension
achlor
lack of green vision
apathy
lack of interest or emotion
anhedonia
lack of pleasure, indifference
lacramalis, -e
lacrimal
Lex
law, reading
lens, lentis L. lent/o Gr. phak/o, phac/o
lentil, lens
chalazion
lesion on the eyelid
mi/o, mei/o
less, fewer
miotic miosis
lessening or shrinking of the pupil
phlegmatic
lethargic, slow, easily fatigued
bio
life
Gr. phos, photos
light
L. lumen, luminis
light
ventricles
little bellies
L. funiculus, funis
little rope, rope dorsal, lateral, ventral
salphinx salping/o
long tube (Eustachian tube, fallopian tube)
belpharochlasis blepharoplasty
loss in elasticity surgical repair
mania
madness
anthropocentric
man-centered
bipolar disorder
manic depression
Leonardo da Vinci Aristotle Galen Christian Bishop
mapping of the brain 3 cavities On the Nature of Man
Medulla, -ae, f
marrow
labyrinth (osseus, vestibularis, cochlearis)
maze, inner ear
Meninx, meningis f
membrane
3rd ventricle
memorativa
Gr. mneme
memory
hippocampus
memory
neurosis
mental disorder, faulty thinking pattern
Mesencephalon
midbrain, tectum and tegmentum
gr. phren-
midriff, diaphragm, mind
L. mens, mentis
mind
L. de + mens, mentis
mind Loss of orientation, memory, rationality; degenerative
plei/o, pli/o, ple/o
more
mater, matris
mother
kines
movement (faulty movement pattern)
Gr. neuron
nerve, sinew
neura (plur) neuron (sing)
neuron
nyct/o, noct/o
night
kary/o
nucleus of a cell
L. nux, nucis
nut
psychic
of the psyche or mind; beyond natural or known physical processes
presby
old
cyclopia
one eye
sanguine
optimistic, cheerful, happy
Gr. taxis
order, arrangement, coordination
krystalloideis/crystalline lens
origin of sight
all/o
other
exotropia
outward turning of the eye
dys
pain
retina, -ae
part of the eye associated with vision net-like
mer
partial
meatus, -us meat/o
passage, pathway
L. tractus
pathway, dragging bundle of parallel axons
Psychosomatic
pertaining to the mind and body
conjunctivitis
pink eye
top/o, loc/o
place
Gr, hedone
pleasure
L. lobus, -i
pod, lobe 4 lobes of the brain
stigma, stigmata
point or mark
archeo
primitive, ancient, old
core/o, -coria
pupil little doll (you can see yourself in a person's pupil)
pupilla, -ae pupill/o
pupil whole in the iris in which light enters
psychosexual disorders
pyrophila, pedophila, autophilia, scopophilia
hydrophobia
rabies; fear of water because it makes it hard to swallow
erythr/o
red
ametropia
refractive error
astigmatism
refractive error so it doesn't come into a point
stapedectomy
removal of the stapes and replacement with a prosthesis; done to correct hearing loss from otosclerosis
retin/o
retina
L. cortex, corticis, m
rind, bark outer covering of an organ
L. gyrus, -i
ring, circle
Gr. rhiza radix
root motor
hippocampi
seahorses pull Poseidon's chariot [Littlefield fountain]
myopia
see close up back of the eye is too long shortsided
hyperopia
see far away back of the eye is too short farsided
Gr. lepsis
seizure
aut/o
self
esthesi/o, esthet/o aisthesis, aisthetos
sensation lack of sensation
esthetic
sensation, feeling
koine aesthesis
sensation/perception
L. Fossa, ae, f
shallower groove than sulcus but similar Roman Roads [to salvation]
vis/o
sight, vision
L. somnus
sleep
L. sopor
sleep
narco
sleep
-paresis
slight or partial paralysis
petit mal and abscence
small bad, person loses slight consciousness
ossicles
small bones
utriculus, utricul/o sacculus, saccul/o
small sac/bag
olfact/o, -osmia, -osphresis
smell
olfactus, olfact/o
smell
agyria
smooth brain, not very bright
cochlea, -ae cochle/o
snail shell
stereo
solid, 3-dimensional
stere/o
solid, three-dimensional
camera, ae
something to take pictures with
phobos
son of Aries, strikes fear in people in the middle of battle
Gr. psyche
soul, mind
Gr. thymos
soul, seat of emotion
acousm/o, acousmat/o
sound
son/o
sound
circumsonance
sound around
Gr. phrasis
speech, phrase
arachn/o
spider
notiaios myelos
spinal cord
Myelencephalon
spinal cord brain, medulla oblongata
schisis
split
macul/o
spot; macula lutea
astr/o
star
ankyl/o
stiff
stapes, stapedis staped/o
stirrup
sthen/o
strength
Gr. narke
stupor, sleep
hordeolum
stye
Gr. pathos
suffering/affection; disease, emotion
cataracts/glaucoma
synonymous for them waterfall/silvery
Gustus, gust/o
taste
gust/o, -geusia, -geusis
taste
lacrima, -ae lacrim/o dacry/o
tear
L. temperamentum
temperament, mixture (throughout the body)
neuron, neurosis
tendon
Gr, tonos
tension, stretching
Thalamus, i, m
thalamus relays sensory info for the cortex
Aristotle and the Sense of Hearing vision cardiocentric
the lens becomes like the orange whatever you're looking at, that sensory organ changes the person is as sensible as the object it sensis communis is in the heart not the brain
vertigo
the sensation of dizziness/spinning
theseus and the minotaur
the wife of Minos falls in love w a bull
pachy-
thicc
pykno
thick, dense, compact frequent
lepto-
thin
L. meninx, meningis, f
thin film
Arachne
thinks he's better than Athena, so they weave off and he is cursed into a spider
L. fugere (-fugal) efferent
to flee to bear out or away
Gr. kineein L. mobere, motum
to move
L. petere (-petal) afferent
to seek to bear toward
L. mittere, missum, mit-, miss-, mitt-,
to send
phag/o
to swallow
Gr. lalein
to talk, to speak
L. halucinari
to wander in mind, to dream hallucination is any of the senses
ergo
to work
pontic
tooth bonded by a bridge
tact/o, tang/o
touch
tactus, tact/o
touch
dendr/o
treelike, dendron, dendrites
t/f thymo is a homomorphism
true with thymus
tuba auditoria
tube regulates pressure in the middle ear
oncus
tumor
ependyma
type of glial cell that lines the brain
subdural
under the dura mater dangerous leads to lack of coordination, cephalgia, and confusion
Vitruvius and acoustics
understands materials of the theater have an affects on sounds amphitheater
epi
upon
hypertropia and hypotropia
upward turning of the eye downward turning of the eye
couching of a cataract
use a needle to push a lens down or remove it can result in 20/30 vision
uter/o
uterus
grand mal and tonic-clonic
very bad seizure
-opia, -opsia, -opsis
vision
opt/o, optic/o
vision
visus, vis/o
vision
choleric
volatile, angry personality
emisis
vomiting
parietal
wall of a cavity
aque/o
water water-like, aqueous humor
cera, -ae cer/o
wax
asthen
weakness
asthenia
weakness
substantia alba
white matter myelination of the axons make it white
fenestra, -ae fenestra, -ae
window, opening
pteryg/o, -pteryx, pter/o
wing, feather
L. pinna, penna
wing, fin, feather
Gr. lexis lex/o, lexia, lexic/o
word, reading
Gr. logos
word, speech, thought
