Dendro Exam 4

What is the common name of the species that is generally regarded as the tallest tree in North America?

(coastal) redwood

From our lecture materials provide the scientific names of a tree AND its respective endangered or threatened animal that depends on them for survival.

(tree) Sequoia sempervirens (associated animal) marbled murrelet or northern spotted owl

Populus tremuloides is intolerant and the most common species in Minnesota. Name three tolerant species native to Minnesota that are likely to become established under Populus tremuloides. Hint: think natural history of FDn32.

Acer saccharum, Picea glauca, Abies balsamifera

Which genus has globose semi-fleshy cones with peltate scales that become woody when mature?

Chamaecyparis

This member of the Cupressaceae forms dense, pure stands in freshwater bogs and swamps. Its needles turn brown after a year but are retained on the tree. Like many lowland species, its shallow, broad, interlocking root system makes it susceptible to windthrow. Its decay-resistant wood is valued for posts and construction. Charcoal from its wood was also once used to make gunpowder. After a period of overharvesting, lumbermen began mining well-preserved timbers of dead trees from great depths in the bogs where the species grows.

Chamaecyparis thyoides

Which of the following is an important commercial species in the western United States and Canada representing over 50% of the standing timber?

Douglas-fir

Which species is known for having chestnut brown pointed buds with imbricate scales and cones with exserted bracts?

Douglas-fir

What do western larch, western hemlock, and noble fir have in common

Each is the most important North American timber species in its genus

Which of the following statements is true regarding a species' elevational range

Elevation increases with decreasing latitude

species located on Southwestern Colorado mountainside at 10000 ft

Engelmann spruce or subalpine fir

Abies grandis is the largest of the cascade firs and produces the most timber of the Abies spp. True of False

False

Redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, is the largest tree by volume in the world. True of False

False

Western larch suffers from Swiss needlecast disease True of False

False

At the time of the Public Land Survey in Minnesota, in the second half of the 19th century, tamarack was the most frequently recorded bearing tree and quite common in uplands. Why is it now relegated to lowland habitats like bogs in our state?

Introduced larch sawfly defoliates and kills trees on upland sites it does not survive well in wet duff so larch on lowland wet sites survive.

One week ago in lecture a species was identified as an aggressive seeder into prairie restorations and old fields that species is?

Juniperus virginiana

Which species is most likely to be found on pasture land in western Tennesse

Juniperus virginiana

A spruce of northern Europe with large, tan cones and 4 angled needles

Norway spruce

What is the best way to convey the idea that the wood of spruce has a high strength to weight ratio?

People made airplanes out of spruce

Name the genus that is preferred for making sounding boards in musical instruments because of its superior acoustic resonance.

Picea

Provide the genus that is described as having sterigmata

Picea

What is the name of the genus that is often used for the tops of cellos, violins, violas and double basses because of its superior acoustic wood qualities?

Picea

Which spruce is known for its large cones, drooping branchlets and is used extensively in horticulture?

Picea abies

Needles / twigs of spruce vs. firs

Picea mostly 4 sided needles attached to twig by sterigma (wooden peg) vs. Abies 2 sided needles attached by suction cup device

Buds of spruce vs. firs

Picea ovoid vs. Abies globose

Cones of spruce vs. firs

Picea pendant while Abies are erect

Which species is known for having two distinct varieties i.e. coastal and mountain?

Pseudotsuga menziesii

Which species is important because it often represents the majority of the tree cover in a given area providing much needed shelter, nesting sites and food in the form of winter browse and semi-fleshy green to blue-black cones?

Rocky Mountain juniper

What is the tallest tree species in the world?

Sequoia sempervirens

What is the name of the biggest by volume tree in the world?

Sequoiadendron giganteum

Picea sitchensis common name

Sitka spruce scientific name

Which genus in the Cupressaceae is known for having deciduous needles?

Taxodium

Provide the genus that is described as having arils

Taxus

Name the tolerant, understory tree or large shrub from the Pacific northwest with flexible, softpointed needles, male cones on the underside of the twig, a fleshy red aril, and bark that was once the only source of taxol, a chemical used to successfully treat ovarian cancer

Taxus brevifolia

This species provides winter yarding areas for deer, is tolerant, and can live to over 400 years of age. The wood is rot resistant and considered the premier wood for sauna interiors. It is also a preferred browse species for deer during winter

Thuja occidentalis

Which species provides the preferred wood for saunas because it is rot resistant and non-resinous so it stays cool to the touch?

Thuja occidentalis

The Cupressaceae family contains many tree species. Of those listed below which combination of species would be described as having decussate leaf arrangements?

Thuja occidentalis and Juniperus virginiana, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis and Thuja plicata

Around the world conifers are valuable for watershed protection at higher elevations. True of False

True

As a general rule Abies species are tolerant. True of False

True

At average height and diameter western larch is larger than tamarack. True of False

True

Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is native to Minnesota, prefers moist, cool sites, is very tolerant, and prefers well-rotted logs as a substrate for seed germination. True of False

True

Juniperus communis is a shrub or small tree that is circumpolar in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, it is the most widely distributed native conifer in North America and the world. True of False

True

Larix laricina and L. occidentalis are some of the most intolerant species in North America. True of False

True

Species in the genus Abies have erect cones with or without exserted bracts that mature in 1 year. True of False

True

Spruce do not make particularly good browse for wildlife. True of False

True

Totem poles have traditionally been made from the wood of western redcedar, Thuja plicata. True of False

True

Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) is exceptionally tolerant and grows fast like a pioneer species. True of False

True

Which genus is likely to be identified by a drooping leader?

Tsuga

This conifer of the Northeastern United States is said to have a toothed needle that occurs singly. It is an extremely shade tolerant, long-lived species and its leader has a characteristic droop - if you can see it. The genus and species is?

Tsuga canadensis

Which species suffers from the non-native sucking insect hemlock woolly adelgid

Tsuga canadensis

Differentiate between white and black spruce for 3 different traits

White spruce has glabrous twig black spruce has pubescent twig White spruce is upland site black spruce is wet site White spruce has oval cones black spruce has round cones

main threat of Port-Orford-cedar

a root rot fungus

main threat of Fraser fir

a sapsucking insect

range of tamarack

all of canada except far west, into alaska

Which of the following is a trait of baldcypress but not dawn redwood?

alternate arrangement of branchlets

Portion of a cone's scale that is visible when the cone is closed.

apophysis

fleshy appendage growing from the point of attachment of a seed and often covering the seed

aril

Provide the common name for this tree of the south that inhabits permanently wet soils. It is a large tree (averaging 120 feet tall and 4 feet in dbh) has a buttressed base, and is considered deciduous with grey, shallowly furrowed, fibrous bark, nearly globose fruits roughly the size of a golf ball with 8-10 peltate scales that mature and shatter in a single season.

baldcypress

This tree hails from southeast United States, is found on extremely wet sites of stagnant water, has a well buttressed base with 'knees' as a portion of the root system that project above the water, fruit a globose ball of 8-10 peltate scales that shatters at maturity.

baldcypress

An eastern spruce with globose cones and pubescent twigs

black spruce

A western mountainous spruce with sharp needle points that have a pungent smell when crushed

blue spruce

species located on Southwestern Colorado mountainside at 7000 ft

blue spruce

Cones of Abies species are typically found at the top of the tree and in the fall of the first year

break apart leaving a central axis or spire

What soil type was above the sand layer for mesic hardwood

clay and silt

Picea mariana position to water

closest to water

Which species is circumpolar in distribution?

common juniper

opposite, 4-ranked, leaf arrangement with each pair at right angles to the pairs above and below it.

decussate

range of baldcypress

deep south up along the mississippi

forking into pairs, 2 paths to choose from

dichotomous

girdled trees a source of spring nourishment for brown bears

economic or ecological use of Alaska-cedar

durable wood used for decks, shingles, shipbuilding

economic or ecological use of Atlantic white-cedar

house and temple construction in Japan as a replacement for the Japanese species, Chamaecyparis obtusa

economic or ecological use of Port-Orford-cedar

aromatic wood used for closets, chests, shoe trees, hangers and potpourri

economic or ecological use of eastern redcedar

Sitka spruce is an economically important spruce of the Pacific northwest with flat needles and pubescent twigs. True of false

false

Pinus banksiana

farthest away from water

When young, species in the Abies genus typically have bark that is considered smooth, thin, grey and

full of resin blisters

Global distribution of spruce vs. firs

generally similar except Picea covers more of Scandanavia, northern Asia and northwest North America while Abies can be found farther south into Central America

Wood quality of spruce vs. firs

generally similar for pulp, paper and dimensional lumber but Picea superior for sounding boards in musical instruments.

main threat of dawn redwood

habitat destruction by agriculture

Which species has cones that resemble the bill of a duck?

incense-cedar

What makes concolor fir (Abies concolor) a good candidate for ornamental or horticultural plantings?

it is the most drought resistant of the western firs, smooth, light grey bark when young, longer than average needles for a fir, needles smell of tangerines when crushed

Acer rubrum position to water

middle distance to water

range of eastern cypress

midwest- east coast, except deep south and north

Which species looks like a smaller version of western redcedar

northern white-cedar

What soil type was above the sand layer for fire dependent

nothing - no additional soil above the sand

Baldcypress, coast redwood, and giant sequoia all have cones with what type of scales?

peltate

basically all of Canada, some in upper great lakes

range of Juniperus communis

scattered range in western mountain states, larger range in British Columbia

range of Juniperus scopulorum

entire mid-eastern US except for far north and deep south

range of Juniperus virginiana

southeastern Canada, upper great lakes, northeast US

range of Thuja occidentalis

An eastern spruce with blunt needle ends, twigs more or less pubescent and buds reddish-brown

red spruce

Oftentimes what is the easiest way to identify black spruce from a distance?

small ball, or tuft of branches at the tip of the crown

What soil type was above the sand layer for acid peatland

sphagnum moss

short projection (peg) on a conifer twig bearing a single sessile or petiolate leaf.

sterigmata

sharp modified branch often terminating a twig

thorn

range of balsam fir

upper great lakes, northeast US, southeast and into south central canada

Which tree species was used to make totem poles by native Americans in the Pacific Northwest and is currently prized for its decay resistant wood?

western redcedar

An eastern spruce with glabrous twigs and cylindrical cones

white spruce

Based on the online videos you watched about tolerant and intolerant species which of the following species pairs is most likely to be found growing underneath an aspen overstory?

white spruce and balsam fir

cyclic arrangement - 3 or more per node.

whorled

species located on Southwestern Colorado mountainside at 6000 ft

willow