Dendro Exam 4
What is the common name of the species that is generally regarded as the tallest tree in North America?
(coastal) redwood
From our lecture materials provide the scientific names of a tree AND its respective endangered or threatened animal that depends on them for survival.
(tree) Sequoia sempervirens (associated animal) marbled murrelet or northern spotted owl
Populus tremuloides is intolerant and the most common species in Minnesota. Name three tolerant species native to Minnesota that are likely to become established under Populus tremuloides. Hint: think natural history of FDn32.
Acer saccharum, Picea glauca, Abies balsamifera
Which genus has globose semi-fleshy cones with peltate scales that become woody when mature?
Chamaecyparis
This member of the Cupressaceae forms dense, pure stands in freshwater bogs and swamps. Its needles turn brown after a year but are retained on the tree. Like many lowland species, its shallow, broad, interlocking root system makes it susceptible to windthrow. Its decay-resistant wood is valued for posts and construction. Charcoal from its wood was also once used to make gunpowder. After a period of overharvesting, lumbermen began mining well-preserved timbers of dead trees from great depths in the bogs where the species grows.
Chamaecyparis thyoides
Which of the following is an important commercial species in the western United States and Canada representing over 50% of the standing timber?
Douglas-fir
Which species is known for having chestnut brown pointed buds with imbricate scales and cones with exserted bracts?
Douglas-fir
What do western larch, western hemlock, and noble fir have in common
Each is the most important North American timber species in its genus
Which of the following statements is true regarding a species' elevational range
Elevation increases with decreasing latitude
species located on Southwestern Colorado mountainside at 10000 ft
Engelmann spruce or subalpine fir
Abies grandis is the largest of the cascade firs and produces the most timber of the Abies spp. True of False
False
Redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, is the largest tree by volume in the world. True of False
False
Western larch suffers from Swiss needlecast disease True of False
False
At the time of the Public Land Survey in Minnesota, in the second half of the 19th century, tamarack was the most frequently recorded bearing tree and quite common in uplands. Why is it now relegated to lowland habitats like bogs in our state?
Introduced larch sawfly defoliates and kills trees on upland sites it does not survive well in wet duff so larch on lowland wet sites survive.
One week ago in lecture a species was identified as an aggressive seeder into prairie restorations and old fields that species is?
Juniperus virginiana
Which species is most likely to be found on pasture land in western Tennesse
Juniperus virginiana
A spruce of northern Europe with large, tan cones and 4 angled needles
Norway spruce
What is the best way to convey the idea that the wood of spruce has a high strength to weight ratio?
People made airplanes out of spruce
Name the genus that is preferred for making sounding boards in musical instruments because of its superior acoustic resonance.
Picea
Provide the genus that is described as having sterigmata
Picea
What is the name of the genus that is often used for the tops of cellos, violins, violas and double basses because of its superior acoustic wood qualities?
Picea
Which spruce is known for its large cones, drooping branchlets and is used extensively in horticulture?
Picea abies
Needles / twigs of spruce vs. firs
Picea mostly 4 sided needles attached to twig by sterigma (wooden peg) vs. Abies 2 sided needles attached by suction cup device
Buds of spruce vs. firs
Picea ovoid vs. Abies globose
Cones of spruce vs. firs
Picea pendant while Abies are erect
Which species is known for having two distinct varieties i.e. coastal and mountain?
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Which species is important because it often represents the majority of the tree cover in a given area providing much needed shelter, nesting sites and food in the form of winter browse and semi-fleshy green to blue-black cones?
Rocky Mountain juniper
What is the tallest tree species in the world?
Sequoia sempervirens
What is the name of the biggest by volume tree in the world?
Sequoiadendron giganteum
Picea sitchensis common name
Sitka spruce scientific name
Which genus in the Cupressaceae is known for having deciduous needles?
Taxodium
Provide the genus that is described as having arils
Taxus
Name the tolerant, understory tree or large shrub from the Pacific northwest with flexible, softpointed needles, male cones on the underside of the twig, a fleshy red aril, and bark that was once the only source of taxol, a chemical used to successfully treat ovarian cancer
Taxus brevifolia
This species provides winter yarding areas for deer, is tolerant, and can live to over 400 years of age. The wood is rot resistant and considered the premier wood for sauna interiors. It is also a preferred browse species for deer during winter
Thuja occidentalis
Which species provides the preferred wood for saunas because it is rot resistant and non-resinous so it stays cool to the touch?
Thuja occidentalis
The Cupressaceae family contains many tree species. Of those listed below which combination of species would be described as having decussate leaf arrangements?
Thuja occidentalis and Juniperus virginiana, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis and Thuja plicata
Around the world conifers are valuable for watershed protection at higher elevations. True of False
True
As a general rule Abies species are tolerant. True of False
True
At average height and diameter western larch is larger than tamarack. True of False
True
Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is native to Minnesota, prefers moist, cool sites, is very tolerant, and prefers well-rotted logs as a substrate for seed germination. True of False
True
Juniperus communis is a shrub or small tree that is circumpolar in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, it is the most widely distributed native conifer in North America and the world. True of False
True
Larix laricina and L. occidentalis are some of the most intolerant species in North America. True of False
True
Species in the genus Abies have erect cones with or without exserted bracts that mature in 1 year. True of False
True
Spruce do not make particularly good browse for wildlife. True of False
True
Totem poles have traditionally been made from the wood of western redcedar, Thuja plicata. True of False
True
Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) is exceptionally tolerant and grows fast like a pioneer species. True of False
True
Which genus is likely to be identified by a drooping leader?
Tsuga
This conifer of the Northeastern United States is said to have a toothed needle that occurs singly. It is an extremely shade tolerant, long-lived species and its leader has a characteristic droop - if you can see it. The genus and species is?
Tsuga canadensis
Which species suffers from the non-native sucking insect hemlock woolly adelgid
Tsuga canadensis
Differentiate between white and black spruce for 3 different traits
White spruce has glabrous twig black spruce has pubescent twig White spruce is upland site black spruce is wet site White spruce has oval cones black spruce has round cones
main threat of Port-Orford-cedar
a root rot fungus
main threat of Fraser fir
a sapsucking insect
range of tamarack
all of canada except far west, into alaska
Which of the following is a trait of baldcypress but not dawn redwood?
alternate arrangement of branchlets
Portion of a cone's scale that is visible when the cone is closed.
apophysis
fleshy appendage growing from the point of attachment of a seed and often covering the seed
aril
Provide the common name for this tree of the south that inhabits permanently wet soils. It is a large tree (averaging 120 feet tall and 4 feet in dbh) has a buttressed base, and is considered deciduous with grey, shallowly furrowed, fibrous bark, nearly globose fruits roughly the size of a golf ball with 8-10 peltate scales that mature and shatter in a single season.
baldcypress
This tree hails from southeast United States, is found on extremely wet sites of stagnant water, has a well buttressed base with 'knees' as a portion of the root system that project above the water, fruit a globose ball of 8-10 peltate scales that shatters at maturity.
baldcypress
An eastern spruce with globose cones and pubescent twigs
black spruce
A western mountainous spruce with sharp needle points that have a pungent smell when crushed
blue spruce
species located on Southwestern Colorado mountainside at 7000 ft
blue spruce
Cones of Abies species are typically found at the top of the tree and in the fall of the first year
break apart leaving a central axis or spire
What soil type was above the sand layer for mesic hardwood
clay and silt
Picea mariana position to water
closest to water
Which species is circumpolar in distribution?
common juniper
opposite, 4-ranked, leaf arrangement with each pair at right angles to the pairs above and below it.
decussate
range of baldcypress
deep south up along the mississippi
forking into pairs, 2 paths to choose from
dichotomous
girdled trees a source of spring nourishment for brown bears
economic or ecological use of Alaska-cedar
durable wood used for decks, shingles, shipbuilding
economic or ecological use of Atlantic white-cedar
house and temple construction in Japan as a replacement for the Japanese species, Chamaecyparis obtusa
economic or ecological use of Port-Orford-cedar
aromatic wood used for closets, chests, shoe trees, hangers and potpourri
economic or ecological use of eastern redcedar
Sitka spruce is an economically important spruce of the Pacific northwest with flat needles and pubescent twigs. True of false
false
Pinus banksiana
farthest away from water
When young, species in the Abies genus typically have bark that is considered smooth, thin, grey and
full of resin blisters
Global distribution of spruce vs. firs
generally similar except Picea covers more of Scandanavia, northern Asia and northwest North America while Abies can be found farther south into Central America
Wood quality of spruce vs. firs
generally similar for pulp, paper and dimensional lumber but Picea superior for sounding boards in musical instruments.
main threat of dawn redwood
habitat destruction by agriculture
Which species has cones that resemble the bill of a duck?
incense-cedar
What makes concolor fir (Abies concolor) a good candidate for ornamental or horticultural plantings?
it is the most drought resistant of the western firs, smooth, light grey bark when young, longer than average needles for a fir, needles smell of tangerines when crushed
Acer rubrum position to water
middle distance to water
range of eastern cypress
midwest- east coast, except deep south and north
Which species looks like a smaller version of western redcedar
northern white-cedar
What soil type was above the sand layer for fire dependent
nothing - no additional soil above the sand
Baldcypress, coast redwood, and giant sequoia all have cones with what type of scales?
peltate
basically all of Canada, some in upper great lakes
range of Juniperus communis
scattered range in western mountain states, larger range in British Columbia
range of Juniperus scopulorum
entire mid-eastern US except for far north and deep south
range of Juniperus virginiana
southeastern Canada, upper great lakes, northeast US
range of Thuja occidentalis
An eastern spruce with blunt needle ends, twigs more or less pubescent and buds reddish-brown
red spruce
Oftentimes what is the easiest way to identify black spruce from a distance?
small ball, or tuft of branches at the tip of the crown
What soil type was above the sand layer for acid peatland
sphagnum moss
short projection (peg) on a conifer twig bearing a single sessile or petiolate leaf.
sterigmata
sharp modified branch often terminating a twig
thorn
range of balsam fir
upper great lakes, northeast US, southeast and into south central canada
Which tree species was used to make totem poles by native Americans in the Pacific Northwest and is currently prized for its decay resistant wood?
western redcedar
An eastern spruce with glabrous twigs and cylindrical cones
white spruce
Based on the online videos you watched about tolerant and intolerant species which of the following species pairs is most likely to be found growing underneath an aspen overstory?
white spruce and balsam fir
cyclic arrangement - 3 or more per node.
whorled
species located on Southwestern Colorado mountainside at 6000 ft
willow