Dev Psych CH 6

What parenting style encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions?

authoritative parenting

In all types of child maltreatment, which of the following is almost always present?

emotional abuse

Which of the following theories states that children appraise marital conflict in terms of their sense of security and safety in the family?

emotional security theory

Which of the following cultural trends are affecting families?

fewer extended-family households greater family mobility migration to urban areas

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are classified as part of the ______ because they represent broader societal contexts.

macrosystem

Children who exhibit the poorest adjustment to parental divorce are those that have been involved in how many parental divorces?

multiple

Recent research indicates that the ______ of parents' work has more influence on the children's development rather than the fact that one parent works outside the home.

nature

The four main types of child maltreatment include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and child _______

neglect

______ play involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports.

practice

What are the three proposed social theories of gender?

social role theory social cognitive theory psychoanalytic theory

Which key elements are important to improving the adjustment of children of divorce?

the use of the authoritative parenting style a harmonious relationship between the divorced parents

On average, siblings between the ages of 2 and 4 have a conflict once every

10 minutes

Custodial fathers experience the loss of about _______ of their predivorce income.

10%

By what age do most children know their sex (that is, the labeling of their biological or genetic makeup as female or male based on hormones, chromosomes, and internal and external genitalia)?

2

Between what ages do sibling conflicts tend to decrease in frequency?

5 - 7 y/o

Match the type of child maltreatment with the correct definition or example: Child neglect Emotional abuse Physical abuse Sexual abuse A - psychological, verbal, or mental acts or omissions that could cause serious behavioral, cognitive, or emotional problems B - failure to provide for a child's basic needs C - infliction of physical injury D - incest, rape, or fondling genitals

Child neglect - B Emotional abuse - A Physical abuse - C Sexual abuse - D

True or False: The mother's involvement with children drops off more than the father's involvement following a divorce.

False

True or false: To be classified as child maltreatment, harm to the child from physical abuse must be intentional.

False

The four parenting styles involve the dimensions of ______ and responsiveness on the one hand, and ______ and control on the other.

acceptance; demand

According to Baumrind, which type of parents place firm limits and controls on their child, allows little verbal exchange, and might show rage toward their child?

authoritarian

In the rural areas of many countries, ______ parenting is widespread.

authoritarian

According to some child psychologists, children's pretend-play narratives emphasize which of the following capacities?

balance of social roles role-taking metacognition

_______ play combines sensorimotor/practice play with symbolic representation.

constructive

According to social role theory, which of the following are important causes of gender differences in power, assertiveness, and nurturing?

division of labor social hierarchy

Diana Baumrind has described ______ of parenting based on various levels of warmth and involvement.

four types

________ are activities that children engage in for pleasure and that have rules. Often they involve competition.

games

Children of indulgent parents often

have difficulty controlling their own behavior

According to research by Hetherington and Stanley-Hagen (2002), which of the following are possible reasons that parents should stay in unhappy, conflicted marriages?

if conflict among family members would increase after the divorce if parenting would become more inept after the divorce if conflict between the couple would increase after the divorce

Which of the following are characteristic of children whose parents are neglectful?

inability to handle independence immaturity low self-esteem social incompetence

According to Baumrind, what type of parents are highly involved in their child's life but place few demands or controls on the child?

indulgent

Sensorimotor play is best defined as behavior engaged in by

infants to derive pleasure from exercising their sensorimotor schemas.

At what stage do children begin to participate in games involving simple rules of reciprocity and turn-taking?

preschool

Children raised by authoritative parents are likely to display which of the following characteristics?

self-reliance and achievement orientation cheerfulness and self-control friendliness with peers

What type of impact does television have on children's development?

significant impact