DEV PSYCH FINAL

T/F: Americans are typically death avoiders and death deniers.

True

If Arley's mental age is 12, but his chronological age is 11, we would say Arley's IQ is:

above average

Domain-specific evaluations of self are categorized as ___

self-concept

Jeannette has passed on teaching skills to many student teachers. She has achieved ___ generativity.

work

The sharpest decline in accommodation of the eye occurs between

40-59 years

According to Valliant, the ___ are a decade of reassessing and recording the truth about adolescent and adulthood years.

40s

The average age expectancy in 1900 was ___. The average age expectancy today is ____.

47, 78

The leading cause of death in young children in the U.S. is:

Accidents

A relatively mild autism spectrum disorder characterized by relatively good verbal skills

Asperger syndrome

Toby is 3 yrs. old. His parents are concerned that he is very active cannot seem to sit still. What is the best advice? A. Have him tested for attention deficit disorder B. Start him on a behavior modification program C. Have him tested for gifted abilities D. Be assured that his behavior is normal for his age

Be assured that his behavior is normal for his age

A condition involving the thickening of the eye lens that causes vision to become cloudy or distorted.

Cataracts

Regarding peers and gender development, which of the following is FALSE? A. Children under age 12 prefer to play in groups with both boys and girls. B. Boys prefer larger groups of playmates than girls. C. Boys are more likely to engage in competitive play. D. Girls are more likely to interact in a reciprocal way.

Children under age 12 prefer to play in groups with both boys and girls.

The global term for any neurological disorder with the primary symptoms involving deterioration of mental functioning:

Dementia

T/F: A condition involving the thickening of the eye lens that causes vision to become cloudy or distorted.

False

Which of the following is the first stage of Piaget's theory of moral development?

Heteronomous morality

Which of the following about childhood obesity is TRUE? A. If you are overweight at age 5 are also at risk of being overweight at 14 B. There is no indication overweight children will become overweight adults. C. Obesity is not linked to type 2 (adult onset) diabetes in children D. In 2005, the U.S. had the highest rate of child obesity in the world.

If you are overweight at age 5 are also at risk of being overweight at 14

People in late adulthood are in which of Erikson's stages?

Integrity vs. despair

Which of the following statements about self-regulation is FALSE? A. It is linked to developmental advances in the brain's prefrontal cortex B. It is characterized by deliberate efforts to manage one's behavior. C. It leads to increased social competence and achievement. D. It is characterized by an impulsiveness to perform challenging tasks.

It is characterized by an impulsiveness to perform challenging tasks.

Which of the following statements about sibling relationships is TRUE? It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood Sibling relationships rarely persist over the entire life span. The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are apathetic. Distant relationships in childhood tend to become close in adulthood.

It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood

Which type of cancer is most prevalent in children?

Leukemia

___ children with a learning disability have a reading problem.

Most

___ emphasized the point that children use adaptation of schemes to organize knowledge.

Piaget

Which is NOT one of the three principles of child-centered kindergarten? Prep of formal education requires practice with sitting still and working alone. Play is important in the child's total development. Young children learn best through firsthand experiences. Each child follows a unique developmental pattern.

Prep of formal education requires practice with sitting still and working alone.

Which of the following was NOT listed as an important change in the emotional development of school-age children? A. Improved emotional understanding B. Reacting impulsively C. The use of self-initiated strategies for redirecting feelings D. A capacity for genuine empathy

Reacting impulsively

Which of the following statements regarding smell and taste in the elderly is TRUE? Smell and taste become more sensitive as we age Smell and taste decline less in healthy older adults Older adults show a greater decline in their sense of taste. There is no sign of decline in these senses as we age.

Smell and taste decline less in healthy older adults

Which of the following is typical of early and late middle-age? Incidence of chronic disorders decreases Wakeful periods during sleep decreases Susceptibility to colds and allergies decreases Frequency of accidents increases

Susceptibility to colds and allergies decreases

Which of the following is TRUE about lower-SES parents in the U.S. and most Western cultures? A. They are less likely to use physical punishment as discipline. B. They are more concerned with developing child's initiative & delay of gratitude C. They are more concerned that their children conform to society's expectations D. They are less directive and more conversational with their children.

They are more concerned that their children conform to society's expectations

Which of the following is NOT a trend in body growth for children in middle & late childhood? A. Muscle mass increases and baby fat decreases. B. Head and waist circumference decrease in relation to body height. C. Weight increase is mainly due to increases in the skeletal & musc. systems. D. They triple their strength capacity.

They triple their strength capacity.

T/F: The average life expectancy of someone born in 2013 in the U.S. is 78.8.

True

T/F: Today, 80% of all deaths occur in institutions or hospitals.

True

Which of the following is NOT part of palliative care? Showing interest in the person and family Making the patient comfortable Helping families coping with death Trying to cure the patient of illness

Trying to cure the patient of illness

Which of the following is an example of implicit memory? Recounting the events of a movie you have seen Being able to name the capital of Illinois Typing on the computer while talking to a friend Being at a grocery store and remembering what you wanted to buy

Typing on the computer while talking to a friend

__ emphasized the point that children construct knowledge through social interactions.

Vygotsky

Are children better adjusted in intact, never-divorced families than in divorced families?

Yes, in almost all areas studied

____ of the eye is the ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina.

accommodation

Questions such as, "How old do you feel?" and "To which age group do you belong?" reflect the concept of:

age identity

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, enacted in 1975, required that:

all students with disabilities be given a free, appropriate public education

In the ___ stage of dying, the dying person's question is, "Why me?"

anger

"My computer doesn't like me--it keeps eating my pictures," says three-year-old Kimberly. This is an example of:

animism

The most common chronic disorder in late adulthood is ____.

arthritis

Most people would prefer to die:

at home

Bo's parents routinely give praise for everything he does, even if its not very good. As a result, Bo tends to avoid ___

attempting tasks that are challenging

Parents who encourage their child. to be independent & show age-appropriate behaviors but still place limits on their actions are

authoritative

What is Kubler-Ross' third stage of dying?

bargaining

Decrease in height as people age is the result of:

bone loss in the vertebrae

The term ___ includes physical abuse, child neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse.

child maltreatment

The most common form of child maltreatment is:

child neglect

Currently, the main causes of death in middle adulthood in the U. S. are ___.

chronic diseases.

Piaget believes the child can only apply logical reasoning to specific, often physical examples by using the term

concrete

Jo quizzed his friend's creativity by asking, "How many different uses for a hat can you think of?" This is a test of

divergent thinking

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as:

egocentrism

Mary responds to her child crying after losing a game by saying, "Stop crying now. Don't be a sore loser." This is an

emotional-dismissing parent.

During menopause, there is a dramatic drop in ____ levels.

estrogen

Self-control/inhibition, working memory, and flexibility are all dimensions of

executive function

In the development of language and thought:

external speech precedes internal speech.

During middle adulthood, the ability to mentally double a recipe as you go through the process demonstrates ____.

fluid intelligence

A sensitive, responsive approach for a caregiver to take regarding feeding young children includes all of these EXCEPT: A. creating a nurturing atmosphere. B. responding to children's cues about things such as taste preferences. C. sharing clear information about how much and what the child should eat. D. forcing children to eat particular foods.

forcing children to eat particular foods.

Which of the following refers to activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules & often involves competition with others? A. symbolic play B. role play C. constructive play D. Games

games

During the early elementary school years, children begin to use ___ more contributing to improved memory and reasoning.

gist

When four- and five-year olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they are demonstrating their:

gross motor skills

In middle age, the ability to hear ____ declines first.

high-pitched sounds

Middle-aged sleep deprivation is associated with all of the following EXCEPT: problems with long-term memory consolidation. less effective immune system functioning. increased risk of stroke. improved cognitive functioning.

improved cognitive functioning

Erikson's fourth stage of development, appearing during middle & late childhood is:

industry vs. inferiority

According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is:

initiative vs. guilt.

ADHD is a disability in which a child consistently, over time, show any or all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. intellectual disabilities B. inattention C. impulsivity D. hyperactivity

intellectual disabilities

The substage of preoperational thought in which children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know answers

intuitive thought

Piaget & Vygotsky considered play to be valuable because:

it advances the child's cognitive development.

Persons about to retire with children in the early adulthood stage are specifically in:

late midlife

Which of the following is an important factor in grieving of a violent loss by accident, homicide, or suicide? perceived control bargaining denial and isolation making sense

making sense

Research has found that children of emotion-coaching parents are better at all of the following EXCEPT: A. memory functioning B. focusing attention C. controlling their behaviors D. social competence

memory functioning

The theory of __ refers to awareness of presence & distinction between one's own mental processes and that of others.

mind

Piaget's 3rd stage of cognitive development emphasizes a child's ability to reason logically and to mentally reverse actions

operational

During the elementary years, a child's self understanding includes increasing references to all of the following EXCEPT: A. Psychological characteristics B. Social Comparison C. Social Aspects D. Physical Characteristics

physical characteristics

Adjusting speech to communicate with a two-year-old, a same-aged peer, or an adult shows an understanding of ___.

pragmatics

The second Piagetian stage of development is the __ stage, which lasts from approximately __ years of age.

preoperational; two to seven

This form of self-talk is used for self-regulation, keeping the child focused on a task. Developmentalists call this:

private speech

Sets of expectations that prescribe how females and males should think, act, and feel are known as gender:

roles

As Walter learns to tie his shoes, his mother first provided physical help. As he improves, she offers only verbal assistance

scaffolding

The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called:

self-efficacy

References to self-worth or self-image are global evaluations categorized as _____

self-esteem

In early childhood, executive function is involved in all of the following EXCEPT: cognitive inhibition cognitive flexibility goal setting sensation

sensation

All of the following are reasons for avoiding spanking or similar punishments EXCEPT: A. punishment points out what child shouldn't do, but doesn't offer any alternative B. punishment can instill fear, rage, and avoidance in children. C. spanking and yelling shows children that this is the way to handle conflict D. spanking provides a release for the parents and allows them to calm down.

spanking provides a release for the parents and allows them to calm down.

The largest group of students with a disability receiving special education in 2011-2012 was ___

students with a learning disability

___ attention is focused & extended engagement with an object, task, event, or other aspect of the environment.

sustained

During the ___ substage, children begin to use language more effectively and engage in pretend play.

symbolic function

Zone of proximal development (ZPD) is Vygotsky's term for:

tasks too difficult for a child to do alone but learned w/ help from more knowledgeable others

According to cellular clock theory, after about 70-80 replications, the cell no longer can reproduce and __ are reduced.

telomeres

All of the following are associated with childhood obesity in the U.S. EXCEPT: A. having overweight parents. B. the availability of food. C. the part of the country where the child lives D. parents' eating habits.

the part of the country where the child lives

Elementary aged children perform better on memory-span tasks than preschool children likely due to improvements in all EXCEPT the speed of information processing. the susceptibility to suggestion. the efficiency of processing information. the automatic rehearsal of information.

the susceptibility to suggestion.

A survey found that adults postponed divorces because of:

their children

When working with at-risk children with low self-esteem, it is important to remember children feel best about themselves when ___

they perform well in areas that are important to them

The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program provides all of the following EXCEPT: -transportation. -nutrition education. -health-care referrals. -healthy supplemental foods.

transportation.

From early adulthood to late adulthood, people showed the LEAST decline in ____. numerical abilities inductive reasoning spatial orientation verbal comprehension

verbal comprehension

From early adulthood to late adulthood, people showed the LEAST decline in ____. numerical abilities inductive reasoning spatial orientation verbal comprehension

verbal comprehenson

Signs of middle age include

weight gain, wrinkling skin

Children exposed to tobacco smoke in the home are more likely to have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: weight issues. wheezing and asthma symptoms. sleep problems. higher risk of smoking in adolescence.

weight issues

Which of the following statements is true: women lose bone mass twice as fast as men do peak functioning of the body's joints usually occurs in the thirties by the end of early adulthood, bones break more easily and heal more slowly maximum bone density occurs by the mid- to late twenties

women lose bone mass twice as fast as men do

Changes in ___ are associated with the slowdown in learning new information.

working memory

The mental area where individuals manipulate & combine info when making decisions or comprehending reading

working memory

Michelle is a retired attorney who loves to work with the horses on her ranch. Research would say her age identity is:

younger than her chronological age