Developmental Psych- Chapter 8 Questions

If you are an adolescent living in __________ you are most likely to participate in an apprenticeship program.

Germany

Sanjay is part of a small group of friends, also known as a __________, who eat lunch together at school every day and socialize with each other on the weekends.

clique

Adolescents are most likely to exhibit their false selves with __________.

dating partners

Larson and Richards (1994) compared preadolescent 5th-graders to adolescent 8th-graders and found that the percent of time experienced as "very happy" __________.

decreased

Tran is an 8-year-old girl who lives in a Western country in an urban area. If one were to compare the timing of puberty for Tran to the timing of puberty for her ancestral female lineage, one would expect that Tran will experience puberty at a __________ others in her family's history.

younger age than

The substance use of an adolescent who drinks alcohol only when hanging out with friends would be classified as __________.

social substance use

Compared to his 7-year-old brother, a 14-year-old will have an easier time reading a book and listening to music at the same time because he's more adept at __________.

tasks that require divided attention

The most important androgen is __________.

testosterone

Which of the following statements best describes the relationships between age and crime?

Ten percent of young men commit over two-thirds of all offenses.

Compared to the concrete thinking abilities displayed in childhood, the ability to reason in adolescence __________.

utilizes the hypothetical thinking involved in a scientific experiment

Which of the following statements about estradiol is true?

It increases far more in females than in males during puberty.

Based on the most recent statistics, which of the following American ethnic groups has the highest rates of use of substances such as alcohol, cigarettes, or marijuana?

Native Americans

Which classification best fits the United States in terms of its cultural beliefs about the acceptability (or not) of premarital sex?

Semirestrictive

Studies have found which of the following features to be more important for friendships in adolescence than in middle childhood?

Sharing personal thoughts and feelings

Research on formal operational thinking has shown which of the following statements to be true?

The way that formal operational thinking is manifested is likely to be different across different cultures.

Which of the following statements about puberty rituals is true?

They are more common for girls than boys in traditional cultures.

During high school, Joe was a popular kid who got into trouble when hanging around a group of older friends. Once he even climbed through the window of a convenience store to steal beer when they'd run out at a party. In his late twenties, Joe got a steady job, got married, and had children. According to Moffitt, Joe would be considered a(n)__________.

adolescent-limited delinquent

Among American adolescents, self-esteem is lowest in __________.

early adolescence

A developmental psychologist would most likely use the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to __________.

examine changes in emotions in different social settings

Theo is an adolescent boy who has gotten in trouble for a number of delinquent acts such as underage drinking, vandalizing on Halloween, and trespassing. Researchers who take a biological approach might explain this behavior as being caused by an immature __________.

frontal lobe

The __________ is the hypothesis that psychological and behavioral differences between males and females become more pronounced at adolescence.

gender-intensification

Rather than turning to other coping strategies, such as talking about his problems or even taking a walk to burn off steam, John smokes pot to reduce stress, anxiety, or sadness. This pattern of substance use is referred to as __________.

medicinal substance use

Compared to Japanese schools, schools in the United States __________.

place a greater emphasis on creativity

Research on Kohlberg's stages of moral development __________.

showed that the stages tended to increase with age, but that few proceeded to Level 3

Much to Jace's dismay, he wore mismatched socks to school. He can't help but think that everyone will notice and feels very self-conscious. His way of thinking demonstrates __________.

the imaginary audience

Although his brother dropped out of college after becoming dependent on marijuana, Jonah thinks that if he starts smoking marijuana, he will be able to quit when he wants to and nothing bad will happen. This way of thinking demonstrates __________.

the personal fable

Research on Kohlberg's stages of moral development has shown that __________.

the stage of moral reasoning achieved tends to increase with age

Which of the following statements is true? 1. Adolescent girls who have an eating disorder are at higher risk for other mental health disorders. 2. Adolescent girls in the United States have the highest rates of eating disorders in the world. 3. Adolescent girls with bulimia are usually about 20% overweight. 4. Adolescent girls are more likely than boys to be satisfied with their bodies.

Adolescent girls who have an eating disorder are at higher risk for other mental health disorders.

What is one of the strongest risk factors for all types of depression?

Being female

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic?

Breasts

Dr. Rose often uses the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) in her research. Which of the following is most likely to be the topic of her work?

Daily fluctuations in mood between children and adolescents

In regards to the onset/timing of puberty, who of the following is more at risk for substance use and delinquency?

Early-maturing girls

Students in __________ usually have three types of secondary schools.

Europe

Kerry loves and respects her mother; however, her mother works in a job that she hates in the deli at a local grocery store. Kerry knows that she wants better for herself and wants to earn a college degree and have a teaching career. Kerry has a positive outlook on life and has strong self-esteem; her future seems bright. There are many selves described in this scenario—which of the following best describes Kerry's trepidation about working in a dissatisfying career?

Feared self

With whom are adolescents happiest?

Friends

Which of the following statements regarding pubertal timing is true?

Menarche takes place as late as age 15 in some developing countries, due to lack of proper nutrition and medical care.

Which of the following statements about eating disorders is true?

Most cases of eating disorders have their onset among females in their teens and early twenties.

Which of the following cultural views of adolescent sexuality best applies to northern Europe?

Permissive

Which of the following statements about depression is true?

Rates of depressed mood rise notably from middle childhood to adolescence.

Which of the following statements about religious beliefs in adolescence is true?

Religion has a lower priority for most American teens than many other parts of their lives.

Kohlberg's proposition of a universal theory of moral development has been challenged by Shweder, who believes that it is impossible to understand moral development unless you understand an individual's __________.

cultural worldview

In many traditional cultures, young men are required to demonstrate courage, strength, and endurance in their coming-of-age rituals because __________.

daily life often requires these capacities

Compared to their peers in the United States, adolescents in Japan and South Korea __________.

have to take entrance exams for both high school and college

Research has shown that during adolescence, __________ is most strongly related to global self-esteem.

physical appearance

Which of the following statements about gender intensification is true?

Gender intensification is often considerably stronger in traditional cultures than in the West.

Which of the following statements about Americans and religious belief is true?

Americans are more religious than people in virtually any other developed country.

Which component of the Media Practice Model involves adolescents incorporating media content into their identities?

Application

Adolescents in which country are LEAST likely to smoke cigarettes?

Canada

You recently watched your nephew, who is 13 years old, try to figure out why his bike's gears won't work. You were fascinated by the systematic problem-solving strategies that he used. You remember just a few months ago he would not have been able to perform at this level of hypothesis testing, but would have most likely tried random solutions haphazardly. According to Piaget, what type of reasoning is he using?

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Which of the following is true about long-term memory?

It is essentially unlimited.

In math and science, students from __________ consistently score at the top.

Japan and South Korea

Which of the following statements about work during adolescence is true?

Reports of psychological symptoms jump sharply for adolescents working more than 10 hours a week.

Research on adolescents' electronic game playing in the United States has found that __________.

boys report that playing the games relieves negative emotions

Vanessa is terrified of becoming fat. Her weight is normal, and most of the time she has normal eating habits, but sometimes she loses control and "binges" on large amounts of food. In an effort to avoid becoming fat, Vanessa makes herself throw up after these binges. Vanessa is exhibiting symptoms of __________.

bulimia

Adolescents in developed countries who work part-time __________.

do not typically see their high school jobs as the basis for a future career

In Western countries, conflict with parents __________.

increases from middle childhood to early adolescence

In the United States, conflict in adolescence __________.

is more frequent between early-maturing adolescents and their parents compared to "on-time" adolescents and their parents

The most effective treatment for major depressive disorder in adolescence combines __________.

psychotherapy and antidepressant medications

Adolescents who are more religious __________.

report less depression

After learning to knit a simple scarf with her grandmother's guidance, Alexis began to knit a sweater while on break from college. She went over to her grandmother's once when she had a question. She finished the sweater a few weeks later while she was back at college, needing only one Skype session to help her. This illustrates __________.

scaffolding

When learning to weave, boys in the Dioula culture start by watching their fathers weave, and then learn to weave themselves in early adolescence. A boy starts off working on his own to complete a simple pattern and gets help when he makes mistakes. He moves on to more complex patterns and continues to consult with his father for several years until he can weave completely on his own. This is an example of __________.

scaffolding