Developmental Psychology : Chapter 4

Researchers have found that ______ improves longevity in older adults.

exercise

True or false: More than half of individuals who are carriers of the ApoE4 gene develop dementia in old age.

false, Less than 50 percent do.

True or false: Mild cognitive impairment is the precursor for Alzheimer disease in all cases.

false, MCI is a risk for Alzheimer disease, but some individuals with MCI do not go on to develop it.

The ______ of family dinners can influence an adolescent's likelihood of having substance abuse problems.

frequency

Prevention and are two of the most important components of children's health.

poverty

Two of the most important influences on children's health are prevention and:

poverty

Unlike bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder is NOT characterized by:

purging behavior.

Children need daily exercise because of the development of:

large muscles, especially in the arms and legs.

Which of the following chronic conditions is LEAST likely to limit the everyday activities or work of adults over the age of 65?

Epilepsy

Which of the following are helpful in the treatment of arthritis symptoms? (Select all that apply)

Exercise Joint replacement Aspirin Weight reduction

Which of the following are social contexts that influence adolescent health? (Select all that apply)

Families, Peers, Schools

Alzheimer disease is caused by a deficiency in the brain messenger chemical called acetylcholine, which is very important in:

memory

What are two common factors in the development of eating problems in infants?

Conditions of poverty Neglectful caregivers

Researchers have found that aerobic exercise benefits which of the following in children and adolescents? (Select all that apply)

Decreased obesity Lowered blood pressure Increased bone strength

Which of the following factors triggers Parkinson disease?

Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain

Characteristics of Alzheimer disease include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Dense deposits of protein that accumulate in the blood vessels Deficiency in acetylcholine Twisted fibers that build up in neurons

Which statement is FALSE regarding drug treatment for Alzheimer disease?

Drugs for Alzheimer disease treat the cause of the disease.

True or false: Due to the decrease in cardiovascular disease, cancer is now the leading cause of death in middle-aged and older adults between 65 and 74.

Due to improved drugs, a decrease in smoking, better diet, and an increase in exercise, cardiovascular disease is no longer the leading cause of death in this age group.

Research revealed which of the following regarding early substance use?

Early onset of drinking was linked to increased risk of heavy drinking in middle age.

Which of the following have studies shown to protect against the development of overweight and obesity in adolescents? (Select all that apply)

Family dinners Team sports

Which of the following groups has the highest mortality rate?

Males in emerging adulthood

Which of the following statements is true about adolescent alcohol use?

Sizable declines in adolescent alcohol use have occurred in recent years.

Each of the following are linked with anorexia nervosa EXCEPT:

a sense of lack of control during eating.

Several drugs that have been approved by the FDA to treat Alzheimer disease work to improve memory and other cognitive functions by increasing levels of ______ in the brain.

acetylcholine

______ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

anorexia

Zack experiences inflammation of his joints as well as pain, stiffness, and problems moving his legs. Zack is showing signs of having:

arthritis

Having five or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks is referred to as drinking.

binge

Individuals with ______ engage in recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food during which they feel a lack of control over eating.

binge eating disorder

The eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern is called:

bulimia nervosa.

______ disorders have a slow onset and a long duration.

chronic

Illicit drug use among U.S. students ______ in the late 1990s.

declined

Research has shown that, by the time emerging adults have reached their mid-twenties, many have

decreased their use of alcohol and drugs somewhat.

Neurological disorders in which the primary symptoms involve deterioration of mental functioning are classed under the global term:

dementia

The number of people with Alzheimer disease ______ (doubles/triples) every five years after the age of 65.

doubles

A recent study found that all of the following were associated with a decrease in deaths from cardiovascular disease, EXCEPT

reducing alcohol consumption.

Chronic disorders have a (slow/fast) onset and a (short/long) duration.

slow, long

The development of Alzheimer disease is most likely influenced by:

the interaction of lifestyle and genes.

A healthy 1-year-old weighs ______ times more than they did at birth.

three

True or false: Alcohol use peaks in emerging adulthood and then declines somewhat by the mid-twenties.

true

True or false: Adolescents currently vape far more nicotine than they smoke cigarettes.

true, E-cigarette use among adolescents declined in 2015 and 2016, but adolescents vape nicotine far more than they smoke cigarettes.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for adults over the age of 75.

true, In the 75—84 and 85-and-over age groups, cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death.

Which of the following has been linked to health-enhancing behavior and reduced risk taking in adolescence?

Parental monitoring

Research shows that parents who want to lessen their children's likelihood of indulging in problem behaviors and substance abuse should use which of the following strategies?

Parental monitoring and control

Which of the following are symptoms of Parkinson disease?

Partial facial paralysis Slowing of movements Muscle tremors

According to one study, which of the following factors in an adolescent's life was the strongest predictor of lower risk for being overweight and obese?

Participation in team sports

What is the recommended number of calories per day for each pound an infant weighs?

50

Even if an infant has begun eating other foods, experts recommend that the mother continue to breast feed until the baby is at least ______ old.

1 year

It is projected that ______ million baby boomers will develop Alzheimer disease in their lifetime.

10

For individuals who are 30 percent overweight, the probability of dying in middle adulthood increases by ______ percent.

40

Which statements are true regarding the benefits of exercise? (Select all that apply)

40 percent

Females make up about ______ of the cases of osteoporosis in the United States today.

80 percent

Children are put in the overweight category if their body mass index falls at or above the ______ percentile.

95th

Regarding lifestyle factors and the risk of Alzheimer disease, which of the following statements are true? (Select all that apply)

A healthy lifestyle can lower the risk of Alzheimer disease. Many of the same habits that lead to cardiovascular disease increase risk for Alzheimer disease.

In 2016, when both gender and ethnicity were considered, which of the following had the highest rate of obesity in the United States?

African American females

What aspect of successful weight loss programs requires participants to keep weight loss diaries and give them rewards for meeting goals?

Behavioral therapy

Katie is 15 years of age and of normal weight. On Saturdays and Sundays, Katie eats pints of ice cream, cupcakes, cookies, pizza, and potato chips, and then she uses laxatives for three days. Katie is exhibiting characteristics of which eating disorder?

Bulimia nervosa

Obesity is linked to an increased risk of which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Hypertension

Which of the following statements most closely fits with the trends associated with adolescent cigarette smoking in the United States?

Cigarette smoking peaked in 1996 and then gradually declined.

How long should an infant consume only breast milk or formula (i.e. no other food) for nutrients and energy?

For the first four to six months of life

Which of the following are characteristics of Alzheimer disease? (Select all that apply)

Gradual deterioration of memory Gradual deterioration of language Progressive brain damage

Which of the following is/are the most common of the chronic conditions associated with the greatest limitation on work?

Heart conditions

Symptoms of dementia include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Inability to recognize familiar people Inability to care for oneself Inability to recognize familiar surroundings

Which of the following are risk factors for becoming a regular smoker? (Select all that apply)

Low parental support Having a friend who smokes A weak academic orientation

What illicit drug is most widely used in the United States?

Marijuana

Which of the following is most often the result of osteoporosis?

Marked stoop

Which statement is true regarding chronic disorders?

Men are more likely than women to have fatal chronic disorders such as cancer and coronary heart disease.

Which of the following are true about the vapor from e-cigarettes? (Select all that apply)

Most e-cigarette vapor contains nicotine. The contents of the vapor are not regulated.

In comparing the health of emerging adults with the health of adolescents, which of the following statements are true regarding emerging adults? (Select all that apply)

They have more chronic health problems. They have a higher mortality rate. They are more likely to be obese.

In a large longitudinal research study of 10,000 men and women followed over 8 years, participants were divided into low, medium, and high fitness levels. What did the study find?

Those in the low fitness (sedentary) group were more than two times more likely to die than those in the medium fitness group. Those in the low fitness (sedentary) group were more than three times more likely to die than those in the high fitness group.

Since the mid-1990s, how have most adolescents perceived smoking? (Select all that apply)

With disapproval As dangerous

Successful weight loss programs for adolescents combine each of the following EXCEPT:

hypnosis

One of the best strategies for preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease in people who are at risk is to:

improve their cardiac functioning through diet, drugs, and exercise.

Starting in middle adulthood, chronic disorders:

increase

The percentage of overweight 12- to 19-year-old Americans (increased/decreased) from the early 1990s through 2014.

increased

The percentage of overweight 12- to 19-year-old Americans ______ from the early 1990s through 2014.

increased

Many cardiovascular problems in middle age can be reduced by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

increased exercise decreased rates of smoking improved diets

One risk factor for Alzheimer disease is ______, a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early Alzheimer disease and other dementias.

mild cognitive impairment

Physical and psychological gains are more likely to be produced by exercise that is:

moderate and intense.

A child whose BMI is at or above the 85th percentile is:

overweight