Deviant Behavior Final
Current law in all states defines drunk driving as operating a car while one's blood alcohol level is:
.08
Rates of prostitution over time:
61. Have decreased steadily except for periodic increases in wartime
Which of the following groups has the highest alcoholism rate
? French
Homophobia is:
A & B
. Anorexia and bulimia are more likely to occur among which type of person
A Women
Throughout the Middle Ages, prostitution was seen as:
A necessary evil
"Coming out" is:
A process
Women have lower rates of problem drinking than men because
A smaller portion of women drink
Which of the following is NOT one of the principal components of a predictable suicide syndrome, according to Ringel?
Acceptance of one's lot in life and blaming of others for one's situation
146. People with physical disabilities often encounter
All of the above
The normative definition of mental health is based on three important sociological criteria. Which of the following is NOT one of those criteria
All of the above are the correct three criteria
Why has female sexual slavery persisted?
All the Above
Critics of prostitution argue that:
All the above
Jimmy and his siblings are hungry and live in a poor country. He thinks that if he kills himself, his sisters and brothers will have more food to eat and he will not be a burden on the rest of the family. He kills himself for the perceived benefit of his family. Which type of suicide did Jimmy commit?
Altruistic
_____ suicides reflect reaction so excessive regulation perceived to block future improvements in one's life. Examples might be suicides by slaves or prisoners of war
Altruistic
A wide range of compulsive acts are thought to effectively relieve stress as well as
Anxiety
Biological claims for an inherited tendency toward homosexual behavior:
Are supported by limited research
The medical literature began documenting instances of anorexia during which time period?
Around a century ago before WW1
. Mental patients of _____ origin tend to perceive the mentally ill in magical terms
Asian
Which Roman emperor created new laws to encourage marriage and having children?
Augustus
A 1990 study found that the homosexual brain features an enlarged suprachiasmatic nucleus compared that of the heterosexual brain. This type of research falls under what perspective?
Biological
Which of the following is NOT an organic mental disorder?
Bipolar Disorder
In Ireland
Boys are entered into manhood when offered a dfrink in the company of older men.
This type of prostitute enjoys the highest status of any type of prostitute
Call Girl
Which of the following is NOT an argument used by prostitutes to justify their practices?
Clients of prostitutes would be committing other crimes if they weren't with the prostitutes
The term ______ denotes the use of computers to flirt, exchange romantic messages, and acquire sexual satisfaction online
Cybersex
Studies have found that as of 2013 military suicides rates have ________________.
Decreased
Community mental health programs are part of the ______ movement
Deinstitutionalization
123. John is unable to speak because a portion of his brain that helps one talk is damaged. The inability to speak is a(n) _________.
Disability
If a disabled person retreats from social confrontation and passively accepts a deviant role as a way to manage stigma, sociologists call this method:
Dissociation
Individuals may develop relationships over the Internet and participate in cybersex to acquire sexual gratification. Many individuals meet in chat rooms and use aliases, otherwise known as:
Nicks
Which of the following is true regarding schizophrenia?
No single theory of schizophrenia has yet achieved dominance among all observers
Homosexual communities
None of the above
Which of the following is NOT a functional disorder
Paresis
Which association developed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM -IV).
The American Psychiatric Association
Some argue that physician-assisted suicide violates _____ and its prohibition on hastening death.
The Hippocratic Oath
What is a significant reason for the decline of mental hospitals?
The dramatic increase in the use of psychotropic drugs
Those who attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings are more likely than other problem drinkers
To lose long time drinking companions
Drinking often creates and dominates the occasion for a group to come together in which country?
United States
Alcohol affects
Virtually every organ system in the body
____ persons experience mental disorders of all sorts more often than others do.
Young
Subcultures for those with the disabled
all of the above
The Alcoholism and Intoxication Treatment Act of 1971 recommended:
b and c: decriminalization of public drunkenness & the establishment of publicly operated detoxification centers
The relationship between the disabled and the able-bodied is strained because the disabled:
can never lear the sick role
Ted has taken on a homosexual way of life and has disclosed his homosexual identity to friends and family members. Ted is currently going through the _____ stage of the coming out process.
commitment
People with disabilities employ the same general processes of stigma management that serve:
other deviants
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding drunk driving?
proportion of crashes in which the driver was drunk has been increasing
Career disability results from
role adaption
Sexuality emerges from a _____ process.
social
When first discovered HIV was known as
GRID: gay related immune deficiency
Which of the following is NOT true of public drinking houses
they do not facilitate group drinking
Most prostitutes contract AIDS as a result of:
Intravenous drug use
Twenty-five percent of those with AIDS in the U.S. became exposed through:
Intravenous drug use
All of the following occupations encourage heavy problem drinking except:
Occupations that encourage heavy problem drinking are: sales, advertising, music, and food criticism
It is best to see disabilities as the sociology:
Of Difference
Male _______________ want to appear feminine, but they seek an image of femininity divorced from everyday lives of most mothers, wives, and other women.
Transvestites
145. In 2006, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the Americans Disabilities Act protects persons held in a state prison and ordered the state to accommodate the inmates. What was the name of this case?
United States v. Georgia
In order to manage stigma, a disabled person may engage in all of the following methods except:
confronting
When female strippers "play the customers" and establish a relationship with customers to elicit good tips, this is called:
counterfeit intimacy
______ provides the strongest predictive power for stress among men.
Income
Prostitution is currently legal in parts of which state?
Nevada
A 1989 study by Fumento found that this percent of men participated "fairly often" as adults in homosexual relations.
1.4%
It is estimated by one expert that as much as ____ of all cosmetic surgeries require revision.
10%
suicide is the _____ leading cause of death in the U.S:
10TH
In which century did Western societies distinguish different types of dependents and develop specialized welfare services to the blind?
18th
The _____ amendment to the U.S. constitution outlawed the manufacturing and sale of alcoholic beverages and the _____ amendment repealed the previous amendment
18th and 21st
Alcoholics Anonymous was created in:
1935
142. The Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in _____.
1990
Germany legalized prostitution in what year?
2002
Kinsey found that ______ percent of men experience homosexual contact at some time in their lives.
37
About ____ % of Americans find suicide morally unacceptable
42%
144. According to the National Organization of Disabilities, almost _____ Americans aged 5 or older live with disabilities that interfere with the completion of at least one major life task.
54 million
According to the National Institute of Mental Health (2009), about _____ million Americans experience a mental disorder in the course of a year.
58
Suicide prevention centers that attempt to offer counseling and other assistance were pioneered at what point in history?
After WW2
The largest cause of death by suicide is
Alcohol
Which two drugs cause more physical, medical, social, and psychological problems than any other drugs?:
Alcohol & Tobacco
Sexual norms vary by:
All of the Above
Which of the following is NOT a cost of alcoholism
All of the Above
148. Which of the following is one of the elements that make up the sick role?
All of the above
Compared to younger people, the suicide notes of older people reflect a lesser likelihood to display:
All of the above
Scheff's theory of mental disorder is helpful, according to the textbook, because:
All of the above
Successful adaptation to stress includes
All of the above
Which of the following is TRUE of suicide notes:
All of the above
Durkheim believed that suicide rates were best explained by:
Social Integration
There has been ___________ in tolerance of homosexuality among most groups of people in the general population.
An increase
Cornelius always wanted to build a successful business and become a millionaire. Just before he turns 40, he "goes public" and his business is publicly traded on the stock market. This move makes him a millionaire. After he celebrates, he no longer knows what to do with his life. He feels "lost" and his life no longer has any meaning. He then takes his own life. What type of suicide did Cornelius commit?
Anomic
_______ are known to only take clients on referrals from known and trusted sources.
Call Girls
These types of alcohol drinkers usually exhibit compulsions after continual drinking.
Chronic Alcoholics
The ______ definition of mental health relies on the individual judgment of a practitioner.
Clinical
Deviant identities from disabilities stem from
Conditions
What determines patterns of alcohol consumption by blacks?
Culture
The Southern Baptist Convention voted to boycott _______ because of the company's decision to provide health care benefits to partners of employees.
Disney Company
The social effects of stigma on top of the physical limitations associated with disabilities are together sometimes referred to as a:
Double disease
______ developed a theory of suicide and classified four types of suicide (egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic).
Durkheim
Miller speculates that certain necessary characteristics define essential conditions for the development of homosexual communities. These include the following except
Economic dependence and lack of social mobility
Paula lacks the social support of an interpersonal group to help her with her relationship and workplace problems. For these individualistic reasons, she kills herself. What type of suicide best fits her situation?
Egoistic
The term "homosexuality" was defined in 1869 by K.M. Benkert as:
Failure to achieve a normal erection during contact with someone of the opposite sex
124. Sarah has a damaged optic nerve, cannot see, and therefore cannot drive a car. Her inability to drive a car is an example of a(n) ______
Handicap
147. The term ______________ refers to the limitation with normal activities of self-care and mobility that results from an impairment
Handicap
Recent estimates show that alcohol consumption in the US
Has Decreased
Sociologists would argue that someone is homosexual if:
He or she has a homosexual identity
Which of the following statements is true?
Heavy Drinking remains high among college students but more are abstaining than in the past
AIDS spreads in Africa largely through
Heterosexual intercourse
Which among the following social categories contains the highest proportion of drinkers?
High Income
The largest number of homosexuals report the development of a gay identity during which life period?
High School or college years
_____ persons are diagnosed with schizophrenia at twice the rate as whites
Hispanic
Political considerations influenced psychiatrists' decision to eliminate which disorder from the DSM?
Homosexuality
______ is the social preference, but not necessarily an erotic attraction, for one's own gender.
Homosociality
The largest factor that separates depressed people who commit suicides from depressed people who do not is
Hopelessness
Staci feels attracted to other females but denies those feelings to herself, or at least doesn't act on them. Which stage of the coming out process is Staci going through ?
Identity confusion
Bubba has a damaged inner ear. This condition is a(n) _______.
Impairment
People who eventually become homosexuals tend to acquire sex role identification:
In childhood
Which of the following statements is true?
In developed countries, suicide rates increase with age
Sexuality:
Is learned behavior
Which of the following strongly condemns suicide?
Islamic Countries
In Miller v. California, the Supreme Court argued that certain materials can be classified as obscene and banned if an average person applying contemporary community standards would find all of the following except that
It brings sexual satisfation
Which of the following is true of the DSM
It has replaced the expression mental illness with mental disorder
The Michigan doctor that has been part of the debate on physician-assisted suicide due to his insistence on helping those with terminal illnesses that wish to commit suicide is:
Jack Kevorkian
Which of the following philosophers condemned suicide as contrary to reason and therefore an offense?
Kant
The term ______________ comes from the name of the Greek island of Lebos, where the Greek poetess Sappho led a group of women in a network of homosexual relationships.
Lesbianism
Which of the following is NOT a factor that accounts for changes in contemporary attitudes toward sex?
More narrow standards of acceptable gender related expressions
One drug used to treat alcohol addiction is:
Naltrexone
Some evidence about pornography indicates:
Narrowing conceptions of pornography and increased tolerance for pornography.
Alcohol-related death rates are highest among
Native Americans
Rates of mental illness are highest for those in the
Lower Class
According to Ross, effective deterrence against drunk driving would require all of the following except:
Lowering the minimum drinking age
Lower rates of suicide occur among those who are:
Married
Which of the following is least likely to be depressed or schizophrenic
Married
Same-sex marriage is legal in:
Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine, Connecticut, Iowa, New Hampshire and California
Which model of alcoholism sees alcoholism as a disease?
Medical
Both male and female adolescent prostitutes have the same type of typical customer?
Middle Age (30-50) usually white men from a variety of backgrounds
Attitudes toward obesity as deviant rest upon ______ foundations
Moral
Which of the following is likely to have the most permissive attitudes about extramarital sex?
More highly Educated
The high amount of social stigma obese people receive today became common
Only recently
The first state to permit physician-assisted suicide, according to the text, is
Oregon
_____ disorders are those thought to be caused by specific organisms, brain injuries, or other physiological factors.
Organic
Those who experience some problem as a result of their drinking, regardless of how much they consume or of the circumstances surrounding the drinking, are called
Problem drinkers
Stress is most closely associated with which conflicts?
Social Roles
Which of the following statements is false?
Prostitution is rarely found outside western and central/ south American societies
Supporters of prostitution such as COYOTE argue:
Prostitution is simply a service occupation
The suicide rate in the U.S. overall is higher for:
Protestants
In Great Britain, a network of volunteer organizations works to prevent suicide. They combine elements of _____________ and _____________ when counseling suicidal individuals.
Religion and Psychotherapy
Most anorexics and bulimics:
Report high educational aspirations
A(n) _____ violation of norms is a violation not covered by other specific behavioral expectations.
Residual norm
Historically, Chinese societies accepted suicide as an effective tool of ________________ against the enemy.
Revenge
The F.B.I. reported that arrests made for public drunkenness and alcohol related crimes constituted a high percentage of all arrests made by the police in the Unites States in 2007. Those arrested for public drunkenness also have high recidivism rates and some have applied the term ________________ to the flow of public drunkenness cases through the criminal
Revolving Door
Most of the women who admit to the heaviest amounts of drinking show signs of
Role deprivation
. ______ argued that mental disorders are a result of playing the role of a mentally disordered person.
Scheff
The term used to describe those that engage in a wide variety of activities such as prostitution, erotic massage, and exotic dancing is called:
Sex Work
Joe internalizes a homosexual sexual role and develops a self-concept consistent with that sex role's expectations. Joe's situation is best described as:
Sex role preference
_______ describes the desire to adopt behavior patterns associated with one sex or the other, or the perception of this behavior as preferable to alternatives.
Sex role preference
_____ are collections of norms that define socially accepted male and female behavior.
Sex roles
Change in the attitudes toward specific sexual practices to include permissiveness acts such as premarital sex, cohabitation, spouse swapping, and phone sex can be classified as:
Sexual Revolution
Which of the following is NOT part of the sick role?
Significant others are required to assist a sick individual
Which of the following is NOT a strategy that attempts to block opportunities for drunk driving?
Smith and Beecham Monitors
When societies develop a shared conception of the criteria for insanity, Scheff calls this __________________.
Social institution of insanity
Eating disorders ultimately result from:
Socially determined Motivation
Some measure mental disorders by focusing on numerical averages that evaluate the incidence of various behaviors, with the highest scores highlighting the practices in the middle of the range, which then represent normality. What type of definition is used for this mental disorder method?
Statistical
Which of the following types of prostitutes is the most common?
Streetwalker
Which of the following is NOT an example of indirect suicide?
Suicide bomber blowing himself up
Co-marital sexual relations between two or more married couples are known as _____________.
Swinging
Staff members at suicide prevention centers carry out much of their initial contact by which method?
Telephone
According to the United Nations, virgin or honor suicides are most likely to occur in
The middle east
In one study that showed various drawings to children and asked them to indicate their preferences among the pictured children as friends, the children were least likely to pick which drawn child?
The obese child
Most judgments of sexual deviation consider all of the following characteristics except:
The religiosity of the participants
People probably set the highest value on the cherished ability to:
Think
The homosexual rights movement began on the West coast after what period in U.S. history
World War 2
Sandy is unable to read ordinary newspaper print, even with perfectly fitted glasses. Sandy would be best described as someone who is:
functionally blind
143. The Americans With Disabilities Act applied to all of the following kinds of people except:
having or being perceived to have a physical or mental impairment
Self-reports of disability peak during periods of
high unemployment and generally depressed economic activity