Devices, Internet, and operating systems:
Graphical User Interface (GUI)-
A method by which a person communicates with a computer using graphical images, icons, and methods other than text. GUIs allow a user to use a mouse, touchpad, or another mechanism (in addition to the keyboard) to interact with the computer to issue commands.
Preemptive Multitasking-
A multitasking method in which the OS allots each application a certain amount of processor time and then forcibly takes back control and gives another application or task access to the processor. This means that if an application crashes, the OS takes control of the processor away from the locked application and passes it on to the next application, which should be unaffected. Although unstable programs still lock, only the locked application will stall—not the entire system. This is what is used today in modern operating systems.
Version-
A particular revision of a piece of software, normally described by a number that tells you how new the product is in relation to other versions of the product.
Shell-
A program that runs on top of the OS and allows the user to issue commands through a set of menus or other interface (which may be a text-based console or command line or a graphical interface). Shells make an OS easier to use by creating a relatively user-friendly interface.
Operating System (OS)-
An operating system provides a consistent environment for other software to execute commands.
32-Bit:
An operating system that is 32-bit is one that not only can run on 32-bit processors but can also fully utilize the capabilities of the processor. While this may sound simple, the truth of the matter is that it took many years after the 32-bit processor became available before operating systems (which were 16-bit at the time) were able to utilize their features. Just as you cannot mix racecars with a country road, you cannot mix 64-bit software with 32-bit hardware.
Which type of computing device is specialized to play video games?
Gaming console
Operating System-
Gives users an interface w/ the computer so that they can send commands & receive feedback
What is the name of the app store for Android?
Google Play
What is the name of the sensor that allows the screen to rotate when you turn a mobile device?
Gyroscope
What type of IoT device is best suited to watch television over the Internet?
Streaming media device
To scroll down or change a page on a mobile device, which action do you use?
Swipe
Three common gesture-based interactions for mobile devices are what?
Tap, swipe, and pinch
Multithreading-
The ability of a single application to have multiple requests (threads) in to the processor at one time. This results in faster application performance, because it allows a program to do many things at once.
Give two examples of IoT automation devices.
Thermostat and security system
When setting up a wireless connection on a mobile device, what is the step after verifying wireless capabilities?
Turn on Wi-Fi
The most common computer input device for entering text with buttons labeled with the characters they represent.
keyboard
The current Macintosh OS is called _____.
macOS
A type of display unit that uses capacitive or resistive touch as an input mechanism without requiring separate input methods.
touchscreen
An exposed ball that functions much like an inverted mouse.
trackball
A computer that users use to access resources, most often a client computer on a network. Usually a desktop or laptop computer.
workstation
The default OS on an iPad or iPhone is ____
iOS
The name of the app store for iOS is called?
iTunes
Which two options can be used to back up an iPhone or iPad?
iTunes or iCloud
The process of connecting two Bluetooth devices together for communication is called what?
Pairing
The first step to storing files on a hard drive is to _____ the hard drive.
Partition
BlackBerry devices are known for having _____ keyboards.
Physical
To zoom in our out in a map on a mobile device, which action do you use?
Pinch
Which common computing device generally has the fastest processor and most memory?
Server
A program that runs on top of the OS and allows the user to issue commands is what?
Shell
A(n) _____ is a pointer to a file, designed to make it easy to open.
Shortcut
Name power supply connectors: (List 4)
*4-pin Aux *6-pin PCIe *8-pin Aux *SATA
Linux-
*Linux is a kernel, or the core of an operating system. *Most Linux distributions use what's called the Bash shell. Bash stands for Bourne-again shell, which was designed to replace an older commonly used shell called the Bourne shell. Bash is also the default shell of macOS.
Functions of OS: (List 4)
*Provides environment for software to function *Monitors system health & functionality *Displays structure/ directories for data management * Coordinates hardware components
Here are some other things that mobile devices have in common:
*They are not field-serviceable *Input methods are different *Memory and storage are handled differently. Most mobile devices will have 64 GB or 128 GB
Features of a tablet: (List 2)
-A multiscreen technology -An Android or iOS OS
Features of a laptop: (List 3)
-SATA or PATA compatible hard drives -A type of DDR Ram -A variety of external ports such as: VGA, HDMI, eSATA, and multiple USB ports
64-Bit:
A 64-bit operating system is one that is written to utilize the instructions possible with 64-bit processors. Originally, these were more common with servers than desktops, but as prices have dropped, 64-bit processors have become common on the desktop, as have operating systems that will run on them. As mentioned earlier, you cannot mix 64-bit software with 32-bit hardware (but you can run most 32-bit software on 64-bit hardware).
workstation-
A computer that users use to access resources, most often a client computer on a network. Usually a desktop or laptop computer.
Driver-
A driver is an extremely specific application written for the purpose of instructing a particular OS on how to access a piece of hardware. Each hardware device, like a printer or network card, has unique features and configuration settings, and the driver allows the OS to understand properly how the hardware works and what it is able to do.
Device drivers, or drivers for short-
A driver tells the OS how to talk to the specific piece of hardware and how to use its features.
Touchpad-
A touchpad is a device that has a pad of touch-sensitive material. The user draws with their finger on the touchpad, and the on-screen pointer follows the finger motions. Included with the touchpad are two buttons for left- or right-clicking (although with some touchpads, you can perform the functions of the left-click by tapping the touchpad. Macs will have one button).
touchscreen-
A type of display unit that uses capacitive or resistive touch as an input mechanism without requiring separate input methods.
What is the name of the mode that immediately disables all wireless connections on a mobile device?
Airplane mode
Application-
An application is a piece of software used to accomplish a particular task; it is written to supplement the commands available to a particular OS.
trackball-
An exposed ball that functions much like an inverted mouse.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)-
An interface that users use to interact with the computer; it contains pictures instead of just text and can be navigated with a mouse.
Linux-
An open source operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991.
Chrome OS-
An operating system created by Google, based on a Linux kernel and the Chrome web browser.
OS X-
An operating system developed by Apple and used on Macintosh computers.
Versions of the ____ OS are named after sweet treats.
Android
CPU of a computer preforms:
Basic arithmetical, logical, and input/ output operations of a computer system
Google's workstation OS is called ______.
Chrome OS
Cooperative Multitasking-
Computers appear to run multiple applications simultaneously, but in reality, they can focus on only one at a time. They're able to switch back and forth between programs so quickly that it appears that they are doing multiple things at once. Cooperative multitasking is a multitasking method that depends on the application itself to be responsible for using the processor and then freeing it for access by other applications. This is the way very early versions of Windows managed multiple applications. If any application locked up while using the processor, the application was unable to free the processor properly to do other tasks, and the entire system locked, usually forcing a reboot.
Types of power cords:
DVI-D: Supports digital signals only. DVI-I: Supports both ditgital & analog signals. S-Video: Supports analog signal only. HDMI: Supports digital video digital signals without analog.
What type of server is used exclusively as a server?
Dedicated server
In Windows, drivers are managed in which utility?
Device manager
It is a laptop-only peripheral that is basically an extension of the motherboard of a laptop.
Docking station
Embedded OS-
Embedded operating systems are designed to be small and efficient, typically only being responsible for a single task. The upside is that embedded OSs require very few hardware resources. The downside is there is little to no flexibility. Example: Firmware
When rebooting a mobile device with biometric security enabled, what must you do to unlock the device?
Enter the passcode
The two file systems typically associated with Windows are what?
FAT and NTFS
What IoT device is typically used with security systems?
IP camera
What does Airplane mode do on a wireless device?
Immediately disables all wireless connections
docking station-
It is a laptop-only peripheral that is basically an extension of the motherboard of a laptop.
One way that you can help to secure your laptop physically is through:
Kensington lock (named after a company that makes them) or a K-lock. Essentially, a cable lock anchors your device to a physical structure, making it nearly impossible for someone to walk off with it.
Which type of common computing device will have a touchpoint built into it?
Laptop
____ is an open-source workstation OS
Linux
What is the name of the sensor that allows a mobile device to act as a compass?
Magnetometer
Trackball-
Many early laptops used trackballs as pointing devices. A trackball is essentially the same as a mouse turned upside down. The on-screen pointer moves in the same direction and at the same speed that you move the trackball with your thumb or fingers. They are cheap to produce but not very durable, so they're not as commonly used today.
What common computing device typically has a screen smaller than 7 inches in size?
Mobile phone
Laptop hardware is proprietary, meaning that to replace a part, you need to use a component built specifically for that laptop:
Motherboard: Almost always proprietary; need to order from the manufacturer CPU: Almost always built into the motherboard RAM: Usually industry-standard small outline dual inline memory modules (SODIMMs) *Hard driveI: undustry-standard sized *Video, sound, and network cards: Almost always integrated into the motherboard. Can add an external network card if the integrated one fails *Case: Proprietary *Display: Proprietary *Battery: Proprietary
What type of computer is used as both a server and someone's workstation?
Nondedicated server
Source-
The actual code that defines how a piece of software works. Computer operating systems can be open source, meaning that the OS code can be examined and modified by anyone, or they can be closed source, meaning that only an owner or developer can modify or examine the code.
Kernel-
The central part of the operating system. It controls all actions of the OS, including input and output, which processes get to use the CPU and memory, and translating between hardware and software components in the computer.
keyboard-
The most common computer input device for entering text with buttons labeled with the characters they represent.
When setting up a wireless connection on a mobile device, what is the first step?
Verify wireless capabilities
Microsoft's workstation OS is called _______.
Windows
Point Stick-
With the introduction of the ThinkPad series of laptops, IBM introduced a new feature known as the Touchpoint, generically known as a point stick. The point stick is a pointing device that uses a small rubber-tipped stick, usually right in the middle of the G, H, and B keys on the keyboard. When you push the point stick in a particular direction, the on-screen pointer goes in the same direction. The harder you push, the faster the on-screen pointer moves. The point stick allows fingertip control of the on-screen pointer, without the reliability problems associated with trackballs. One occasional problem with point sticks is that they do not return to the center, causing the pointer to drift when not in use.
Driver-
Written for the purpose of instructing a particular OS on how to access a piece of hardware
Application-
Written to supplement the commands avialble to a particular OS.