DHN CH 13 SB

When calculating your estimated energy requirement, you will need to incorporate your

- age - weight - height

When compared to direct methods of measuring energy expenditure, indirect methods

- are relatively inexpensive - involve minimal equipment

Essential fat is found in

- certain bones - cell membranes - nervous tissue

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Body's rate of energy use a few hours after resting and eating

Factors of energy output include

Digestion Metabolism Physical activity

When the energy intake is equal to the energy output, body weight is maintained and the person is in

Energy balance

The two component model includes

Fat mass and fat free mass

The hormone that is secreted mainly by the stomach and stimulates eating behavior and promotes energy storage is called

Gherlin

The percentage of obese American Asher's has ___ from 2000 to 2017

Increased

Basal metabolic weight

Minimal number of calories the body uses to support oral activities

How is resting metabolic rate (RMR) different from basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

RMR is higher

A persons ___ is about 10% higher than his or her ____.

RMR, BMR

sarcopenia is defined as

The loss of muscle tissue

Commonly used approaches to measuring body composition for physical fitness evaluate fat mass and fat free mass. This is called the

Two component model

Commonly used approaches to measuring body composition for physical fitness evaluate fat mass and fat free mass. This is called the

Two-component model

The energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the ___ of nutrients

absorption, processing and digestion

Leptin

hormone released by the adipose tissue to inhibit hunger

What mechanisms make energy balance complex

- hormone levels influence weight loss - adaptive thermogenesis and NEAT vary from person to person - metabolic rates differ

Choose the statements about hypothyroidism

- testing should be done for individuals with an unexplained weight gain - caused by the autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue - associated with reduced metabolic rate, weight gain, and increased risk of overweight and obesity

Choose the serous health problems that are associated with obesity

- vascular disease - nonalcoholic liver disease - metabolic syndrome

Select the most logical approaches to weight loss

1. change problematic eating behaviors 2. increase physical activity 3. reduce calorie intake

According to the Physical Activity Guidelines, adults should perform ___ to ___ minutes per week of moderate intensity physical activity

150, 250

Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number.

24 BMI = kg / m2

Between 2017 and 2018, approximately ___ of American adults over age 20 years were either obese or extremely overweight

50%

Metabolic rates tend to decrease with age due to

A loss of muscle mass

When adults grow older, they develop sarcopenia, which is defined as

A loss of muscle tissue

If fat is deposited in the ___ area, it poses a greater risk for chronic disease

Abdominal

Bod-pod is an example of

Air displacement

Hunger

An uncontrollable feeling that drives a person to consume food

The most costly conditions associated with obesity include

Arthritis, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes

Energy ___ occurs when calorie intake marches calorie expenditure

Balance

The medical speciality that focuses on obesity treatment is known as

Bariactric

A persons blood leptin level is directly proportional to his or her amount of

Body fat

____ methods of measuring energy expenditure are generally complex and require sophisticated laboratory tools

Direct

Choose the hormone that is secreted mainly by the stomach and stimulates eating

Ghrelin

Ghrelin

Hormone released by stomach that stimulates eating

The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighting him or her submerged in water is known as

Hydrostatic weighing

Children are ___ likely to become overweight or obese if their mothers were over fat prior to becoming pregnant

More

Hunger pangs and the stomach stretching to capacity are all physical sensations that

Regulate eating behavior

___ fat forms a protective structure under the abdominal muscle whereas __ far holds skin in place

Visceral, subcutaneous

Which statement is true about visceral and subcutaneous fat in men and women

Women have more subcutaneous fat and men have more visceral fat

Total body fat includes

adipose tissue and essential fat

__ medicine is the medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of obesity

bariatric

Combining _____ calorie intake with _____ physical activity is key for weight loss and weight maintenance.

decreased, increased

Which of the following best describes the energy balance equation

energy input=energy output

The calories that cells use to carry out their activities is called

energy output

A trendy weight-loss practice that has widespread appeal among the population as a "quick fix", often offering gimmicks or supplements, is called a ______ diet.

fad

Satiety

feeling of fullness

Obese individuals often have __ medical care costs than people with healthy body weights

greater

Which two variables are used to calculate a persons BMI

height and weight

Increasing your physical activity will ___ how many calories you burn

increase

Which is an example of a logical approach to weight loss

increasing physical activity

Which hormone promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis, and promotes production of new fat cells

insulin

A person taking a __ inhibitor for weight loss often takes a multiple vitamin supplement to replace fat soluble vitamins lost when fat digestion is reduced by 30%

lipase

Choose the weight loss medication currently approved by FDA for weight loss

lipase inhibitor

The practice of living and responding to the present moment with an attitude of observance and nonjudgment is called

mindfulness

__ is considered having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat and or body water; whereas ___ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat

overweight, obesity

The sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger is called

satiety

All of the following will increase an individuals BMR except

starvation

Women generally have more __ fat than men

subcutaneous

Appetite

the psychological desire for food

Which of the following contributes the least to the calories that are used each day by the body

thermogenesis

Choose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex process

weight gain varies even with the same amount of overfeeding weight loss produces differing fat and lean mass losses

The following factors can affect actual energy requirements

- height - weight - age

The formulas use ___ to predict nasal metabolic rate

- height - weight - age

Choose factors that increase body fat accumulation

- hormonal imbalance - sleep deprivation - high stress

What are the two physical sensations that occur to help regulate eating behavior

- hunger pains - stomach expansion

The technique used to measure the difference between the weight on a standard scale and that during submersion in water is called

Hydrostatic weighing

Lean body mass, increased body surface area, and excess thyroid hormone all ___ the nasal metabolic rate

Increase

An adipokine is ( a group of hormones secreted bf fat cells) that reduces hunger and increases energy expenditure in the body is called

Leptin

To prevent weight gain, the American college of sports medicine recommends ___ physical activity for 150 to 250 minutes per week

Moderate intensity

Choose the formula that is used to predict the BMR for people with excess body fat

Mufflin-St. Jeor equation

identity the health problems associated with excess weight

- hypertension - CVD - type 2 diabetes

Air displacement techniques for assessing body volume

- include the use of a BOD POD - are highly accurate estimates of body fat

Choose the true statements about mindfulness

- involves formal mediation practices and informal daily mindfulness practices - may reduce emotional eating - has been shown to be moderately effective for weight loss

Choose the factors that will increase a persons basal metabolic rate

- lactation - post exercise recovery - stress

Which of the following hormones inhibits hunger

- leptin - ghrelin - peptide YY

Which of the following hormones inhibits hunger

- leptin - cholecystokinin - peptide YY

Apple-shaped (central-body fat distribution) obesity is associated with

- man with an "Apple" body shape - increased risk for serious, chronic disease

Genetic factors that can play a role in the development of obesity include

- metabolic rate - hormone production - body frame

Central body obesity is

- more common in men - sometimes described as having an "Apple" body shape - symbolic of extra fat stores

Fad diets

- offer a 'quick fix' to your weight problem - limit food selections to a few food groups - rely on testimonials for evidence of effectiveness

Choose factors that decrease body fat accumulation

- physical activity - mindful eating practices - healthy sleep

Choose roles of insulin in energy balance.

- promotes triglyceride synthesis in the liver - promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake - inhibits lipolysis in fat cells

People with hypothyroidism may experience

- reduced metabolic rate - weight gain - fatigue