DHN CH 13 SB
When calculating your estimated energy requirement, you will need to incorporate your
- age - weight - height
When compared to direct methods of measuring energy expenditure, indirect methods
- are relatively inexpensive - involve minimal equipment
Essential fat is found in
- certain bones - cell membranes - nervous tissue
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Body's rate of energy use a few hours after resting and eating
Factors of energy output include
Digestion Metabolism Physical activity
When the energy intake is equal to the energy output, body weight is maintained and the person is in
Energy balance
The two component model includes
Fat mass and fat free mass
The hormone that is secreted mainly by the stomach and stimulates eating behavior and promotes energy storage is called
Gherlin
The percentage of obese American Asher's has ___ from 2000 to 2017
Increased
Basal metabolic weight
Minimal number of calories the body uses to support oral activities
How is resting metabolic rate (RMR) different from basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
RMR is higher
A persons ___ is about 10% higher than his or her ____.
RMR, BMR
sarcopenia is defined as
The loss of muscle tissue
Commonly used approaches to measuring body composition for physical fitness evaluate fat mass and fat free mass. This is called the
Two component model
Commonly used approaches to measuring body composition for physical fitness evaluate fat mass and fat free mass. This is called the
Two-component model
The energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the ___ of nutrients
absorption, processing and digestion
Leptin
hormone released by the adipose tissue to inhibit hunger
What mechanisms make energy balance complex
- hormone levels influence weight loss - adaptive thermogenesis and NEAT vary from person to person - metabolic rates differ
Choose the statements about hypothyroidism
- testing should be done for individuals with an unexplained weight gain - caused by the autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue - associated with reduced metabolic rate, weight gain, and increased risk of overweight and obesity
Choose the serous health problems that are associated with obesity
- vascular disease - nonalcoholic liver disease - metabolic syndrome
Select the most logical approaches to weight loss
1. change problematic eating behaviors 2. increase physical activity 3. reduce calorie intake
According to the Physical Activity Guidelines, adults should perform ___ to ___ minutes per week of moderate intensity physical activity
150, 250
Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number.
24 BMI = kg / m2
Between 2017 and 2018, approximately ___ of American adults over age 20 years were either obese or extremely overweight
50%
Metabolic rates tend to decrease with age due to
A loss of muscle mass
When adults grow older, they develop sarcopenia, which is defined as
A loss of muscle tissue
If fat is deposited in the ___ area, it poses a greater risk for chronic disease
Abdominal
Bod-pod is an example of
Air displacement
Hunger
An uncontrollable feeling that drives a person to consume food
The most costly conditions associated with obesity include
Arthritis, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes
Energy ___ occurs when calorie intake marches calorie expenditure
Balance
The medical speciality that focuses on obesity treatment is known as
Bariactric
A persons blood leptin level is directly proportional to his or her amount of
Body fat
____ methods of measuring energy expenditure are generally complex and require sophisticated laboratory tools
Direct
Choose the hormone that is secreted mainly by the stomach and stimulates eating
Ghrelin
Ghrelin
Hormone released by stomach that stimulates eating
The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighting him or her submerged in water is known as
Hydrostatic weighing
Children are ___ likely to become overweight or obese if their mothers were over fat prior to becoming pregnant
More
Hunger pangs and the stomach stretching to capacity are all physical sensations that
Regulate eating behavior
___ fat forms a protective structure under the abdominal muscle whereas __ far holds skin in place
Visceral, subcutaneous
Which statement is true about visceral and subcutaneous fat in men and women
Women have more subcutaneous fat and men have more visceral fat
Total body fat includes
adipose tissue and essential fat
__ medicine is the medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of obesity
bariatric
Combining _____ calorie intake with _____ physical activity is key for weight loss and weight maintenance.
decreased, increased
Which of the following best describes the energy balance equation
energy input=energy output
The calories that cells use to carry out their activities is called
energy output
A trendy weight-loss practice that has widespread appeal among the population as a "quick fix", often offering gimmicks or supplements, is called a ______ diet.
fad
Satiety
feeling of fullness
Obese individuals often have __ medical care costs than people with healthy body weights
greater
Which two variables are used to calculate a persons BMI
height and weight
Increasing your physical activity will ___ how many calories you burn
increase
Which is an example of a logical approach to weight loss
increasing physical activity
Which hormone promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis, and promotes production of new fat cells
insulin
A person taking a __ inhibitor for weight loss often takes a multiple vitamin supplement to replace fat soluble vitamins lost when fat digestion is reduced by 30%
lipase
Choose the weight loss medication currently approved by FDA for weight loss
lipase inhibitor
The practice of living and responding to the present moment with an attitude of observance and nonjudgment is called
mindfulness
__ is considered having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat and or body water; whereas ___ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat
overweight, obesity
The sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger is called
satiety
All of the following will increase an individuals BMR except
starvation
Women generally have more __ fat than men
subcutaneous
Appetite
the psychological desire for food
Which of the following contributes the least to the calories that are used each day by the body
thermogenesis
Choose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex process
weight gain varies even with the same amount of overfeeding weight loss produces differing fat and lean mass losses
The following factors can affect actual energy requirements
- height - weight - age
The formulas use ___ to predict nasal metabolic rate
- height - weight - age
Choose factors that increase body fat accumulation
- hormonal imbalance - sleep deprivation - high stress
What are the two physical sensations that occur to help regulate eating behavior
- hunger pains - stomach expansion
The technique used to measure the difference between the weight on a standard scale and that during submersion in water is called
Hydrostatic weighing
Lean body mass, increased body surface area, and excess thyroid hormone all ___ the nasal metabolic rate
Increase
An adipokine is ( a group of hormones secreted bf fat cells) that reduces hunger and increases energy expenditure in the body is called
Leptin
To prevent weight gain, the American college of sports medicine recommends ___ physical activity for 150 to 250 minutes per week
Moderate intensity
Choose the formula that is used to predict the BMR for people with excess body fat
Mufflin-St. Jeor equation
identity the health problems associated with excess weight
- hypertension - CVD - type 2 diabetes
Air displacement techniques for assessing body volume
- include the use of a BOD POD - are highly accurate estimates of body fat
Choose the true statements about mindfulness
- involves formal mediation practices and informal daily mindfulness practices - may reduce emotional eating - has been shown to be moderately effective for weight loss
Choose the factors that will increase a persons basal metabolic rate
- lactation - post exercise recovery - stress
Which of the following hormones inhibits hunger
- leptin - ghrelin - peptide YY
Which of the following hormones inhibits hunger
- leptin - cholecystokinin - peptide YY
Apple-shaped (central-body fat distribution) obesity is associated with
- man with an "Apple" body shape - increased risk for serious, chronic disease
Genetic factors that can play a role in the development of obesity include
- metabolic rate - hormone production - body frame
Central body obesity is
- more common in men - sometimes described as having an "Apple" body shape - symbolic of extra fat stores
Fad diets
- offer a 'quick fix' to your weight problem - limit food selections to a few food groups - rely on testimonials for evidence of effectiveness
Choose factors that decrease body fat accumulation
- physical activity - mindful eating practices - healthy sleep
Choose roles of insulin in energy balance.
- promotes triglyceride synthesis in the liver - promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake - inhibits lipolysis in fat cells
People with hypothyroidism may experience
- reduced metabolic rate - weight gain - fatigue