DHN101 Exam 3 actual

Which of the following food items is rich in biotin?

Chicken liver

Vitamin ________ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

E

Which of the following substances is a fat-soluble vitamin that has antioxidant activity?

E

Which of the following foods is a good source of thiamin?

Enriched bread

Which vitamins are important as methyl donors in homocysteine metabolism?

Folate and vitamin B-12

Choline is an example of a ________.

Fortified dairy products

Which of the following is the best source of beta-carotene?

Grilled sweet potatoes

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following statements is true?

Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.

Which of the following food items contains the lowest content of biotin?

Sweet potato

Activation of vitamin D from food sources requires a healthy liver and kidneys.

True

Vitamin A is involved in production of white blood cells.

True

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following vitamins is a nutrient of public health concern?

Vitamin D

Vitamins that are involved in bone health include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Vitamin E

The human body can absorb some of the ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

Vitamin K

Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of vitamin E per serving?

almonds

Humans need vitamin B-6 for ________.

amino acid metabolism

A(n) ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

antioxidants

The riboflavin deficiency disease is known as ________.

ariboflavinosis

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is a degenerative brain disorder that most often occurs in alcoholics. The condition is a result of a deficiency in ________.

thiamin

Biotin is a coenzyme needed for certain metabolic reactions that add carbon dioxide to other compounds.

true

Deficiencies of pantothenic acid are very rare among Americans.

true

Diets supplying large amounts of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin can lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration.

true

Folate metabolism is dependent on vitamin B-12.

true

Low blood levels of vitamin K are associated with increased risk of osteoporosis.

true

Pele is a 30-year-old healthy male. Based on the adult RDA for folate in the United States, he should consume 400 μg/day of folate.

true

People are likely to develop pellagra when they consume diets that are low in niacin and animal protein.

true

People who abuse alcohol and follow nutritionally-inadequate diets have a high risk of developing B-vitamin deficiencies.

true

Riboflavin is a component of flavin adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme that plays a key role in several enzymatic reactions.

true

Riboflavin is a component of flavin mononucleotide, a coenzyme that plays a key role in several enzymatic reactions.

true

Ron's diet lacks niacin. He hasn't developed pellagra, because he consumes a high-protein diet that contains plenty of ________, the precursor for niacin.

tryptophan

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb ________.

vitamin B-12

Which of the following is not a water-soluble vitamin?

vitamin K

Which of the following portions of food provides the most folate?

1 whole papaya

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins are involved in growth and development?

A and D

Which of the following cooking methods can result in significant losses of water-soluble vitamins?

Boiling in a saucepan of water

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?

Dairy

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

Dairy

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

Ground beef

Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?

He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene.

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin

Which of the following statements is true?

People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins.

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?

Red peppers

________ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body.

Retinol

________, found in FMN and FAD, is important for carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism.

Riboflavin

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Thiamin

Consuming high amounts of vitamins E and K in foods has not been associated with any negative effect on health.

True

Long-term vitamin E deficiency can result in nerve damage and blindness.

True

Retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid are all forms of preformed vitamin A.

True

Taking high doses of vitamin E supplements can impair blood clotting.

True

The term vitamin comes from vita (necessary for life), and amine (a type of nitrogen-containing substance).

True

Vitamin E is involved in maintaining immune system function.

True

Vitamins A, D, E, and K all have hydrocarbon chains that make them soluble in fats.

True

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend?

Vitamin B-12 injections

As a vegan, Sanako is at the greatest risk for a ________ deficiency.

Vitamin b-12

________ are fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins K, D, and A

Which of the following is the best source of riboflavin?

Yogurt

________ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells.

antioxidants

A common role of B vitamins is that they ________.

are important in energy metabolism as part of coenzymes

Which of the following foods contains the most niacin per serving?

beef liver

It is not necessary for humans to consume sources of water-soluble vitamins daily, because most of them are stored in the liver.

false

Long-term trials have shown that high intakes of vitamin E reduce the risk of lung cancer in smokers.

false

Niacin is needed to make coenzyme A.

false

Taking a vitamin A supplement has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

false

The biological activity of gamma-tocopherol is significantly higher than that of alpha-tocopherol.

false

Thiamin is a component of flavin mononucleotide, which cells need to synthesize neurotransmitters.

false

Vitamins A, D, E, and K from plant sources are less soluble than vitamins A, D, E, and K from animal sources.

false

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

fatty fish and fish oils

Megaloblastic anemia may occur as a result of a deficiency in ________.

folate or vitamin b-12

The human body needs vitamin K to ________.

form active blood clotting factors

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?

grains

As a smoker, Chantalle's need for vitamin C is ________ that of a non-smoker.

greater than

Vitamin C enhances the absorption of ________.

iron

Darrell suffers from frequent diarrhea as a result of IBS. Because of the frequent diarrhea, the bioavailability of vitamins in his diet ________.

is reduced

The most biologically active form of vitamin D, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), is made in the ________.

kidneys

When cooking green beans, Lenny likes to add baking soda to the cooking water because it keeps the beans from turning olive green. As a result of this practice, Lenny's green beans have ________ than green beans cooked in plain water.

less vitamin c

Routine vitamin C supplementation ________.

may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

niacin

Which of the following portions of food provides the most folate?

not 1 cup of raw spinach

Which of the following vitamins is important in protein metabolism as a component of PLP?

not Pantothenic acid

Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of thiamin?

not Wheat germ

Which of the following vitamins is a component of coenzyme A?

not ascorbic acid

As a result of a ________ deficiency, Christopher's cells have difficulty converting homocysteine to cysteine.

not b12 not thimin

Which of the following is the best source of riboflavin?

not corn

Consuming too much avidin, a protein found in raw egg whites, may inhibit ________ absorption.

not folate

________, as part of NAD and NADP, is important for energy metabolism.

not ribo

The thiamin-deficiency disease is known as ________.

not rickets

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

not saff

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

not stir fry

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of ________.

not thiamin

Which of the following vitamins is most important for red blood cell formation?

not vit c

Choline is an example of a ________.

not watersolubel

Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

olive oil

________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones.

osteomalacia

Exposing milk to light can reduce its ________ content.

riboflavin

Lucia has been experiencing glossitis and cheilosis over the past several weeks. As well, her tongue has a slight reddish-purple color. Based on this information, Lucia may have a ________ deficiency.

riboflavin

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

salmon

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

sardines

Which of the following foods is the best source of vitamin K?

soybean oil

Although physicians may prescribe niacin supplements for patients who cannot tolerate statins, the treatment can have several unwanted side effects, such as flushing of the skin and liver damage.

true

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of ________ to prevent ________.

vitamin K; bleeding

Compared to other water-soluble vitamins, the body can store large amounts of ________.

vitamin b-12