mgt ch 12

applying the job characteristics model requires the following:

-diagnose the work environment to see whether a problem exists -consider how to redesign the job -determine whether job redesign is appropriate

4 motivational mechanisms associated with goal setting theory

-fosters use of strategies and action plans -directs your attention -increases your persistence -regulates the effort expended

model of motivation steps

1. motivation 2. behaviors 3. rewards 4. feedback

jobs with high ________________ allow workers to set their own schedules and decide how to perform the necessary tasks

autonomy

cash awards given to employees who achieve specific performance objectives

bonuses

employee earning a percentage of the sales price

commission

jake thinks if he studies hard for the next test he'll earn a high score. in terms of motivation theory, this is an example of

expectancy

the theory of motivation, that asserts that motivation is the combination of how much you want something and how likely you think you are to get it is known as

expectancy theory

theories of motivation that are characterized as process perspectives on motivation

expectancy theory goal setting theory equity theory

task identity

extent to which a job requires the worker to perform all the tasks needed to complete the job from beginning to end

raises and other monetary incentives are examples of

extrinsic rewards

necessary to have so that employees know if they are on the right track when working on a project

feedback

distribution of savings to groups of employees who reduced costs and increased measurable productivity

gainsharing

simply giving employees additional tasks of similar difficulty is known as ____________ loading, whereas giving employees more responsibility such as in job enrichment is referred to as __________ loading

horizontal, vertical

in equity theory, the education, experience, and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of

inputs

being confident that if she exceeds her sales quota for the year, she'll be promoted to regional manager. this is an example of

instrumentality element of the expectancy theory

the satisfaction, such as a feeling of accomplishment, that a person receives from performing a task is known as a

intrinsic reward

division of an organization's work among its employees and the application of motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction are both part of

job design

in order to increase variety and positively impact worker motivation, a company increases the number of tasks in each job on the assembly line. this is known as

job enlargement

jasmine previously handled only accounts payable in the company. now she handles accounts receivable as well. this is an example of

job enlargement

sam wants to improve job satisfaction, so he adds more responsibility, complexity, and control to his subordinates' jobs. this is an example of

job enrichment

reducing the number of tasks an employee performs

job simplification

one of the key "take aways" from expectancy theory is that a manager should link rewards to the

level of performance

pay for performance, basing pay on one's results is known as

merit pay

getting free breakfast program and on site childcare at work causes employee to get to work early. this is an example of

motivation

psychological processes that arouse and direct goal directed behavior

motivation

people who feel that they are being under rewarded for their inputs/outputs on the job typically respond in a ___________ manner

negative

the rewards, such as recognition and praise, that people receive from an organization (in equity theory)

outputs

3 key elements in equity theory

outputs inputs comparison

what type of compensation plan ties employee pay to the number of job relevant skills or academic degrees they earn?

pay for knowledge

contingency factors refer to the degree to which individuals want...

personal and psychological development

seamstress paid $10 for each skirt she makes. what compensation plan does this describe

piece rate

distribution of a percentage of the company's profits to employees

profit sharing

his company allows employees to buy stock at a future date for a discounted price; example of

stock option

core job characteristics in the job characteristics model include

task identity skill variety feedback autonomy task significance

saying "I make a difference every day to the lives of elderly people in our community" is an example of which element of the job characteristics model?

task significance

enabling employees to work at home while keeping in touch with their employers and coworkers via email, phone, and other electronic technologies is known as

telecommuting

autonomy

the extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/or deciding how to perform them

skill variety

the extent to which a job requires a worker to use a wide range of different abilities and skills

task significanace

the extent to which the job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside the organization

feedback

the extent to which workers receive clear, direct information about how well they are performing the job

examples of input, according to equity theory

training experience effort

laura's manager is retiring in six months, and laura really wants to be promoted to succeed her. in terms of expectancy theory, laura has a high __________ in regard to her job

valence

lois asks herself how badly she wants the bonus she could earn by working overtime on her current project. in terms of expectancy theory, this describes lois' _____________ for the additional pay

valence

Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model is composed of 3 major elements:

work outcomes psychological states core job characteristics