Digestion

On a scale of 0-10, how much digestion would you say bile accomplishes?

0

How many digestive enzymes are at work in the stomach

1

How many digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach?

1

pH of stomach

1-2

How many digestive enzyme are produced in the small intestine?

4

optimum pH of the small intestine

7-8

How many digestive enzymes are at work in the small intestine

9

Active form in the small intestine

Carboxypeptidase Trypsin Chymotrypsin

Bile digests fat. Ture or False

False

Bile is produced by the gallbladder true/false

False

Emulsification is defined as the digestion of fat true/false

False

The massive bubbling created by your catalase experiment means that catalase was denatured true/false

False

Major organs of digestion are

Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, (very little digestion occurs in the Large intestine)

Pancreatic amylase

Pancreas Small intestine Carbohydrates

Lipase

Pancreas Small intestine Fat

Carboxypeptidase

Pancreas Small intestine Protein

Chymotrypsin

Pancreas Small intestine Protein

Trypsin

Pancreas Small intestine Protein

Digestive enzyme associated with the major organs of digestion

Pepsin Maltase Sucrase Lactase Peptidase

Inactive form in the pancreas

Procarboxypeptidase Trypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen

Digestive enzymes with accessory organs of digestion

Salivary amylase Carboxypeptidase Trypsin Chymotrypsin Pancreatic amylase Lipase

Salivary amylase

Salivary glands in the mouth Mouth Carbohydrates

Accessory organs of digestion are

Salivary glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Small intestine Presence of protein and fat in small intestine Pancreas- causes release of pancreatin Gallbladder- causes the release of bile into the duodenum Hepatopancreatic sphincter- causes the sphincter to open at the duodenum

Lactase

Small intestine Carbohydrates (lactose)

Maltase

Small intestine Carbohydrates (maltose)

Sucrase

Small intestine Carbohydrates (sucrose)

Secretin

Small intestine Presence of acidic chyme Liver- causes the production of bile Pancreas- causes the release of buffers

Glucose insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

Small intestine Presence of glucose Beta cells of the pancreas causes the beta cells to release insulin

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

Small intestine Presence of nutrients Capillaries inside the intestinal- causes villi capillaries to dilate

Peptidase

Small intestine Protein

Pepsin

Stomach Protein

Gastrin

Stomach food stretching the stomach Stomach cells, Parietal cells, Chief cells Causes release of HCI and pepsinogen

The Mouth

Teeth Tongue Salivary glands parotid, sublingual, and submandibular produces saliva which consists of salivary amylase (digestive enzyme.

The Stomach

The stomach is located a bit to the left of the midline of the body The G cells of the stomach produce gastrin (hormone) Gastrin targets the chief cells and parietal cells of the stomach The cells produce pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid respectively The combination of pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid yields pepsin (digestive enzyme)

Pancreatin consists of numerous digestive enzymes one of which is amylase true/false

True

The buffer experiment showed that buffers resist changes in pH true/false

True

Vinegar was used in this lab activity because it represents an?

acid

partially digested food is called

acidic chyme

Glucose insulinotropic peptide causes ______________ of the pancreas to produce insulin.

beta cells

Dish soap in this exercise represents

bile

undigested food is called

bolus

The salivary glands produce enzymes that will partially digest

carbohydrates

Almost any food substance we consume will consist of

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

What enzyme is produced in the pancreas as procarboxypeptidase digests protein in the small intestine

carboxypeptidase

The hepatopancreatic sphincter has to open in order to allow digestive enzymes to enter the small intestine from the pancreas. What causes this sphincter to open?

cholecystokinin

What digestive hormone released by the small intestine causes the opening of the hepatopancreatic sphincter

cholecystokinin

What digestive hormone released by the small intestine causes the release of lipase from the pancreas

cholecystokinin

What digestive hormone released by the small intestine causes the release of trypsinogen from the pancreas

cholecystokinin

What hormone causes the pancreas to release pancreatin

cholecystokinin

What enzyme is produced in the pancreas as chymotrypsinogen digests protein in the small intestine

chymotrypsin

Duodenum

consists of the hepatopancreatic sphincter 0.3m in length most of chemical digestion occurs in the duodenum connects to the stomach

What part of the small intestine does most of the chemical digestion occur and therefore the area where most of the digestive enzymes can be found?

duodenum

Heartburn is the burning sensation in the

esophagus

What part of the small intestine absorbs vitamins?

ileum

Which is the correct spelling for a portion of the small intestine

ileum

The Pancreas

in order to see the pancreas the stomach needs lifted up a bit since the pancreas is mostly posterior to the stomach the pancreas produces not only hormones but also buffers and numerous digestive enzymes. Buffers and digestive enzymes enter into the duodenum of the small intestine via the hepatopancreatic sphincter.

What part of the small intestine absorbs nutrients and therefore consists of the most villi?

jejunum

Jejunum

jejunum is about 2.5m in length Absorbs nutrients

What enzyme produced in the small intestine digests lactose

lactose

What enzyme is released by the pancreas

lipase

What organ produces the most catalase?

liver

What enzyme is produced in the small intestine digests maltose

maltase

Digestion begins in the

mouth

In order to resist a change in pH in the small intestine (due to number 7) a buffer is released into the small intestine to stabilize the pH. Where does this buffer come from?

pancreas

What enzyme comes from the pancreas digests carbohydrates

pancreatic amylase

What enzyme produced in the stomach digests protein

pepsin

What enzyme is produced in the small intestine digests protein

peptidase

Food is swallowed and passes through the esophagus by

peristaltic activity

Catalase is an enzyme made in the liver cells. What cell organelle is responsible for the production of catalase?

peroxisomes

What does the liver do with the bile during digestion

produces

The stomach partially digest

protein

What enzyme produced in the mouth digests carbohydrates

salivary amylase

What digestive hormone released by the small intestine causes the liver to begin to make bile

secretin

What digestive hormone released by the small intestine causes the release of buffers from the pancreas

secretin

The majority of the digestion occurs in the

small intestine

If we add iodine to a white substance and that white substance turns dark, that means the substance is?

starch

Acid in the small intestine could alter the small intestine pH and therefore denature the digestive enzyme. Where does this acid come from?

stomach

What does the gallbladder do with the bile during digestion

stores

The Gallbladder

stores bile bile leaves the gallbladder and enters the cystic duct from the cystic duct bile enters the common bile duct the common bile duct terminates at the hepatopancreatic sphincter bile then enters into the duodenum of the small intestine

What enzyme produced in the small intestine digests sucrose

sucrase

Ileum

the ileum is about 2-4m in length Absorbs nutrients but mainly absorbs vitamin B12 connects to the large intestine

The Liver

the liver produces bile (emulsifies fat but does not digest fat) which is stored in the gallbladder bile leaves the liver or gallbladder and enters into small intestine where it emulsifies fat

The Small Intestine

the small intestine is a highly coiled organ the majority of the digestion takes place in the small intestine While it is longer than the large intestine, it is called the small intestine because it is smaller in diameter than the large intestine

What enzyme is produced in the pancreas as trypsinogen digests protein in the small intestine

trypsin

Vasoactive intestinal peptide causes dilation of capillaries inside the ____________________ that line the small intestine

villi