Digestion
On a scale of 0-10, how much digestion would you say bile accomplishes?
0
How many digestive enzymes are at work in the stomach
1
How many digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach?
1
pH of stomach
1-2
How many digestive enzyme are produced in the small intestine?
4
optimum pH of the small intestine
7-8
How many digestive enzymes are at work in the small intestine
9
Active form in the small intestine
Carboxypeptidase Trypsin Chymotrypsin
Bile digests fat. Ture or False
False
Bile is produced by the gallbladder true/false
False
Emulsification is defined as the digestion of fat true/false
False
The massive bubbling created by your catalase experiment means that catalase was denatured true/false
False
Major organs of digestion are
Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, (very little digestion occurs in the Large intestine)
Pancreatic amylase
Pancreas Small intestine Carbohydrates
Lipase
Pancreas Small intestine Fat
Carboxypeptidase
Pancreas Small intestine Protein
Chymotrypsin
Pancreas Small intestine Protein
Trypsin
Pancreas Small intestine Protein
Digestive enzyme associated with the major organs of digestion
Pepsin Maltase Sucrase Lactase Peptidase
Inactive form in the pancreas
Procarboxypeptidase Trypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen
Digestive enzymes with accessory organs of digestion
Salivary amylase Carboxypeptidase Trypsin Chymotrypsin Pancreatic amylase Lipase
Salivary amylase
Salivary glands in the mouth Mouth Carbohydrates
Accessory organs of digestion are
Salivary glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Small intestine Presence of protein and fat in small intestine Pancreas- causes release of pancreatin Gallbladder- causes the release of bile into the duodenum Hepatopancreatic sphincter- causes the sphincter to open at the duodenum
Lactase
Small intestine Carbohydrates (lactose)
Maltase
Small intestine Carbohydrates (maltose)
Sucrase
Small intestine Carbohydrates (sucrose)
Secretin
Small intestine Presence of acidic chyme Liver- causes the production of bile Pancreas- causes the release of buffers
Glucose insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
Small intestine Presence of glucose Beta cells of the pancreas causes the beta cells to release insulin
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Small intestine Presence of nutrients Capillaries inside the intestinal- causes villi capillaries to dilate
Peptidase
Small intestine Protein
Pepsin
Stomach Protein
Gastrin
Stomach food stretching the stomach Stomach cells, Parietal cells, Chief cells Causes release of HCI and pepsinogen
The Mouth
Teeth Tongue Salivary glands parotid, sublingual, and submandibular produces saliva which consists of salivary amylase (digestive enzyme.
The Stomach
The stomach is located a bit to the left of the midline of the body The G cells of the stomach produce gastrin (hormone) Gastrin targets the chief cells and parietal cells of the stomach The cells produce pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid respectively The combination of pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid yields pepsin (digestive enzyme)
Pancreatin consists of numerous digestive enzymes one of which is amylase true/false
True
The buffer experiment showed that buffers resist changes in pH true/false
True
Vinegar was used in this lab activity because it represents an?
acid
partially digested food is called
acidic chyme
Glucose insulinotropic peptide causes ______________ of the pancreas to produce insulin.
beta cells
Dish soap in this exercise represents
bile
undigested food is called
bolus
The salivary glands produce enzymes that will partially digest
carbohydrates
Almost any food substance we consume will consist of
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
What enzyme is produced in the pancreas as procarboxypeptidase digests protein in the small intestine
carboxypeptidase
The hepatopancreatic sphincter has to open in order to allow digestive enzymes to enter the small intestine from the pancreas. What causes this sphincter to open?
cholecystokinin
What digestive hormone released by the small intestine causes the opening of the hepatopancreatic sphincter
cholecystokinin
What digestive hormone released by the small intestine causes the release of lipase from the pancreas
cholecystokinin
What digestive hormone released by the small intestine causes the release of trypsinogen from the pancreas
cholecystokinin
What hormone causes the pancreas to release pancreatin
cholecystokinin
What enzyme is produced in the pancreas as chymotrypsinogen digests protein in the small intestine
chymotrypsin
Duodenum
consists of the hepatopancreatic sphincter 0.3m in length most of chemical digestion occurs in the duodenum connects to the stomach
What part of the small intestine does most of the chemical digestion occur and therefore the area where most of the digestive enzymes can be found?
duodenum
Heartburn is the burning sensation in the
esophagus
What part of the small intestine absorbs vitamins?
ileum
Which is the correct spelling for a portion of the small intestine
ileum
The Pancreas
in order to see the pancreas the stomach needs lifted up a bit since the pancreas is mostly posterior to the stomach the pancreas produces not only hormones but also buffers and numerous digestive enzymes. Buffers and digestive enzymes enter into the duodenum of the small intestine via the hepatopancreatic sphincter.
What part of the small intestine absorbs nutrients and therefore consists of the most villi?
jejunum
Jejunum
jejunum is about 2.5m in length Absorbs nutrients
What enzyme produced in the small intestine digests lactose
lactose
What enzyme is released by the pancreas
lipase
What organ produces the most catalase?
liver
What enzyme is produced in the small intestine digests maltose
maltase
Digestion begins in the
mouth
In order to resist a change in pH in the small intestine (due to number 7) a buffer is released into the small intestine to stabilize the pH. Where does this buffer come from?
pancreas
What enzyme comes from the pancreas digests carbohydrates
pancreatic amylase
What enzyme produced in the stomach digests protein
pepsin
What enzyme is produced in the small intestine digests protein
peptidase
Food is swallowed and passes through the esophagus by
peristaltic activity
Catalase is an enzyme made in the liver cells. What cell organelle is responsible for the production of catalase?
peroxisomes
What does the liver do with the bile during digestion
produces
The stomach partially digest
protein
What enzyme produced in the mouth digests carbohydrates
salivary amylase
What digestive hormone released by the small intestine causes the liver to begin to make bile
secretin
What digestive hormone released by the small intestine causes the release of buffers from the pancreas
secretin
The majority of the digestion occurs in the
small intestine
If we add iodine to a white substance and that white substance turns dark, that means the substance is?
starch
Acid in the small intestine could alter the small intestine pH and therefore denature the digestive enzyme. Where does this acid come from?
stomach
What does the gallbladder do with the bile during digestion
stores
The Gallbladder
stores bile bile leaves the gallbladder and enters the cystic duct from the cystic duct bile enters the common bile duct the common bile duct terminates at the hepatopancreatic sphincter bile then enters into the duodenum of the small intestine
What enzyme produced in the small intestine digests sucrose
sucrase
Ileum
the ileum is about 2-4m in length Absorbs nutrients but mainly absorbs vitamin B12 connects to the large intestine
The Liver
the liver produces bile (emulsifies fat but does not digest fat) which is stored in the gallbladder bile leaves the liver or gallbladder and enters into small intestine where it emulsifies fat
The Small Intestine
the small intestine is a highly coiled organ the majority of the digestion takes place in the small intestine While it is longer than the large intestine, it is called the small intestine because it is smaller in diameter than the large intestine
What enzyme is produced in the pancreas as trypsinogen digests protein in the small intestine
trypsin
Vasoactive intestinal peptide causes dilation of capillaries inside the ____________________ that line the small intestine
villi