Persian Wars history quiz (chapter 4 section 4)
Mercenary
A soldier who serves a foreign country for pay
The Delian League
after the Persian wars, the Greeks felt they needed to defend themselves. Greek city-states unite to form the Delian league as a result. It is a defensive alliance to protect against future attacks. Athens is a leader; Sparta does not join. however, over 200 city-states do join. Athens now had a reason to use it's powerful navy and control other members of the league.
Aspaisa
helped Pericles rebuild Athens, prostitute/escort, very smart
Leonidas
led the Greeks in the battle of Thermopylae
Ionians
located on the western coast of the Anatolian peninsula, under attack by the Persians.
Archers
the Persians
Pheidippides
Pheidippides ran to Athens with the news of the great victory his people had over the Persians at Marathon. The distance he ran was about 26 miles, might have also ran to Sparta.
Rhetoric
Art of effective public speaking
Peloponnesian Wars
Athens grew in wealth, prestige, and power during the Golden Age. Resulted in a civil war between Athens and Sparta. (Athens had a stronger navy but Sparta had a stronger army) Plague struck Pericles and killed him. Sparta wins, but Greece is destroyed, Classical Age ends, Greece never recovers
Peloponnesian Wars summerized
Athens vs. Sparta Delian League vs. Peloponnesian League Pericles using Delian League $$ to build up Athens Sparta wins!
Classical
Beginning of 5th century; Persian wars to Alexander the Great; time of great scientific and artistic
Darius
Darius I was the third king of the Persian Empire. Retreats after the loss of Marathon
Thermopylae (August 480 B.C.)
Darius's son Xerxes gets 1 million troops to invade Greece, they march over a floating bridge over Hellespont. For 3 days 7,000 Greeks hold them back. A Greek traitor revealed a hidden way through the mountains. Xerxes and the Persians win. He then burns Athens to the ground and loots it
Hellenistic
From the death of Alexander the Great to the beginnings of the Roman Empire
hoplite
Hoplites were citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greek city-states who were primarily armed with spears and shields. Hoplite soldiers utilized the phalanx formation in order to be effective in war with fewer soldiers.
causes of the 1st Persian war
Ionian Greeks were being oppressed by the client king of Greece, they rebelled against client state's rule and asked for help from mainland Greeks; Athens sent 20 warships to assist them
Salamis (September 480 B.C.)
Larger Persian ships lead by Xerxes, smaller Greek ship led by Themistocles. Greeks retreat to Salamis; Persians follow. Smaller Greek ships ram Persians ships. The Athenians win. The Persians don't come back, Xerxes retreats. Greeks get a sense of pride and confidence which helps launch the classical age, and Athens emerges as the most powerful city state in Greece.
Themistocles
Led the Greeks in the battle of Salamis
Miltiades
Let the Athenians (Greeks) in the battle of Marathon
Persian Wars generalized
Persia vs. Greeks (Athens and Sparta united) Greeks helped Ionians, Darius didn't like it Darius unable to conquer Greece, then Xerxes tries Greeks win! Delian League is formed
Tragedy
Story or play in which the central character struggles against destiny but meets an unhappy end
Comedy
Story or play intended to entertain and amuse, usually with a happy ending
Marathon (490 B.C.)
The Persian king Darius I commands to invade Athens, Persians had a much larger army then the Greeks, Athens would have fallen if not for the help of Miltiades, a general from Thrace, who knew the Persian's war tactics and how to defeat them. Athenians win, Darius retreats.
Archaic
Time after Greek Dark Ages; Olympics began; rise of city states; democracy; Draco, Solon
floating bridge
Xerxes made the floating bridge over Hellespont on his way to Thermopylae
Phalanx
a military formation in which foot soldiers stood so that their shields overlapped
Pericles
wanted to rebuilt Athens, did it with money from the Delian League and with help from Aspaisa.
