Persian Wars history quiz (chapter 4 section 4)

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Mercenary

A soldier who serves a foreign country for pay

The Delian League

after the Persian wars, the Greeks felt they needed to defend themselves. Greek city-states unite to form the Delian league as a result. It is a defensive alliance to protect against future attacks. Athens is a leader; Sparta does not join. however, over 200 city-states do join. Athens now had a reason to use it's powerful navy and control other members of the league.

Aspaisa

helped Pericles rebuild Athens, prostitute/escort, very smart

Leonidas

led the Greeks in the battle of Thermopylae

Ionians

located on the western coast of the Anatolian peninsula, under attack by the Persians.

Archers

the Persians

Pheidippides

Pheidippides ran to Athens with the news of the great victory his people had over the Persians at Marathon. The distance he ran was about 26 miles, might have also ran to Sparta.

Rhetoric

Art of effective public speaking

Peloponnesian Wars

Athens grew in wealth, prestige, and power during the Golden Age. Resulted in a civil war between Athens and Sparta. (Athens had a stronger navy but Sparta had a stronger army) Plague struck Pericles and killed him. Sparta wins, but Greece is destroyed, Classical Age ends, Greece never recovers

Peloponnesian Wars summerized

Athens vs. Sparta Delian League vs. Peloponnesian League Pericles using Delian League $$ to build up Athens Sparta wins!

Classical

Beginning of 5th century; Persian wars to Alexander the Great; time of great scientific and artistic

Darius

Darius I was the third king of the Persian Empire. Retreats after the loss of Marathon

Thermopylae (August 480 B.C.)

Darius's son Xerxes gets 1 million troops to invade Greece, they march over a floating bridge over Hellespont. For 3 days 7,000 Greeks hold them back. A Greek traitor revealed a hidden way through the mountains. Xerxes and the Persians win. He then burns Athens to the ground and loots it

Hellenistic

From the death of Alexander the Great to the beginnings of the Roman Empire

hoplite

Hoplites were citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greek city-states who were primarily armed with spears and shields. Hoplite soldiers utilized the phalanx formation in order to be effective in war with fewer soldiers.

causes of the 1st Persian war

Ionian Greeks were being oppressed by the client king of Greece, they rebelled against client state's rule and asked for help from mainland Greeks; Athens sent 20 warships to assist them

Salamis (September 480 B.C.)

Larger Persian ships lead by Xerxes, smaller Greek ship led by Themistocles. Greeks retreat to Salamis; Persians follow. Smaller Greek ships ram Persians ships. The Athenians win. The Persians don't come back, Xerxes retreats. Greeks get a sense of pride and confidence which helps launch the classical age, and Athens emerges as the most powerful city state in Greece.

Themistocles

Led the Greeks in the battle of Salamis

Miltiades

Let the Athenians (Greeks) in the battle of Marathon

Persian Wars generalized

Persia vs. Greeks (Athens and Sparta united) Greeks helped Ionians, Darius didn't like it Darius unable to conquer Greece, then Xerxes tries Greeks win! Delian League is formed

Tragedy

Story or play in which the central character struggles against destiny but meets an unhappy end

Comedy

Story or play intended to entertain and amuse, usually with a happy ending

Marathon (490 B.C.)

The Persian king Darius I commands to invade Athens, Persians had a much larger army then the Greeks, Athens would have fallen if not for the help of Miltiades, a general from Thrace, who knew the Persian's war tactics and how to defeat them. Athenians win, Darius retreats.

Archaic

Time after Greek Dark Ages; Olympics began; rise of city states; democracy; Draco, Solon

floating bridge

Xerxes made the floating bridge over Hellespont on his way to Thermopylae

Phalanx

a military formation in which foot soldiers stood so that their shields overlapped

Pericles

wanted to rebuilt Athens, did it with money from the Delian League and with help from Aspaisa.


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