Digestive and Urinary Systems

Pancreas

-Is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems -Is a gland that produces digestive enzymes - which break down fats, carbohydrates and proteins - and produces and secretes insulin, glucagon and other hormones. -Glucagon and insulin are important for the maintenance of blood sugar.

Ureter

A long tube that carries urine away from the kidneys.

Bladder

A muscular sac that stores urine

Epiglottis

A small flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea.

esophagus

A thick-walled muscular tube about 10 inches long that connects pharynx with stomach. Epiglottis: A small flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea. Peristalsis: Is a series of involuntary muscle contractions.

NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)

An accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol. That fat can cause inflammation and scarring in the liver.

Villi

Are small folds in the lining of the small intestine.

Urinary System

Composed of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Together they carry out the urinary system's function of: Regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. Removing waste products from the blood. Expelling the waste and excess water from the body in form of urine.

Digestive System

Consists of a long passageway, known as the digestive tract, and other organs which includes, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Along its course food is broken down and nutrients are extracted, while waste materials are disposed of. It can take 24 hours for the food to travel through 30 feet of the digestive system. After nutrients are broken down, they pass into the blood stream and are taken to the body cells for use in metabolism and growth.

mouth

Entry point of food to digestive system Salivary glands: They release saliva that contains a chemical to begin the digestion of carbohydrates. Saliva: Is a fluid that helps soften food so it can be swallowed more easily. It contains enzymes that help chemical reactions in the body.

Heart Burn

In some people, the sphincter between the stomach and esophagus doesn't work as well as it should. This allows acid to seep into the esophagus (called acid reflux), where it can cause pain and irritation.

Small Intestine

Is a coiled tube in which the greatest amount of digestion and absorption take place (21ft. Long). Villi: Are small folds in the lining of these

saliva

Is a fluid that helps soften food so it can be swallowed more easily. It contains enzymes that help chemical reactions in the body.

Liver

Is a gland that RELEASES bile to help breakdown fats, maintain blood sugar level, and filter poisonous wastes.

Peristalsis

Is a series of involuntary muscle contractions.

Rectum

Is a short tube at the end of the large intestine that stores wastes temporarily.

Large Intestine

Is a tube extending from the small intestine in which undigested food is prepared for elimination from the body. 83% of your immunity is found in your "gut".

Gallbladder

Is an organ that STORES bile and releases through ducts into the small intestine to help breakdown fats when you eat a meal that contains them.

Stomach

J-shaped muscular bag that churns, digests, and stores food. Is an organ that releases acids and juices that mix with the food and produce a thick paste called chyme.

Kidneys

Located at the upper rear of the abdominal cavity, on either side of the spinal column. Functions include filtering waste products from the blood.

type 2

Most common type of diabetes. The body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin.

Anus

Short, tubelike muscular valve that relaxes to let out digestive waste

Urethra

The tube through which urine leaves the body.

Saliva gland

They release saliva that contains a chemical to begin the digestion of carbohydrates.

bile

What these the 2 major functions of: 1) breaks down fats 2) helps to remove toxins from the liver

Celiac Disease

a problem with digesting gluten, a protein in foods like bread, crackers, and pasta, affecting the absorption of nutrients. Symptoms include gas and bloating, weight loss, and fatigue. It is an autoimmune disease that causes damage to the lining of the intestine (villi). Damaged villi can't effectively absorb nutrients through the intestinal wall. As a result, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals get passed through the stool. Over time, this can lead to malnutrition.

chyme

after the stomach releases acids and juices that mix with the food the stomach produces a thick paste called ____________

UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)

bacterial infections in the body's urinary system. Most are bladder infections A bladder infection usually is not serious if it is treated right away. If you do not take care of a bladder infection, it can spread to your kidneys. A kidney infection is serious and can cause permanent damage. Common symptoms: Pain or burning during urination You feel like you have to urinate often, but not much urine comes out when you do. Pain in your lower abdomen Urine is cloudy, pink or smells bad

Crohn's Disease

chronic, inflammatory disease of the digestive tract. Parts of the digestive system become swollen and have deep sores called ulcers. Doctors are unsure of the cause; however, one may get it when the body's immune system has an abnormal response to normal bacteria in the intestines. Also thought to run in families. Main symptoms are belly pain and diarrhea (sometimes with blood) - sometimes several times a day (10-20X)

Insulin

hormone that converts sugar , starches and other food into energy needed for daily life.

IBS (Irritable Bowl Syndrome)

is belly pain and diarrhea or constipation that comes back again and again. Symptoms can include constipation, diarrhea, or both along with gas and a visibly bloated belly. Does not damage the DS, but persistent pain and frequent trips to the bathroom can interfere with everyday life. Twice as common in women than men. Doctors are unsure of its exact cause Stress may trigger or worsen symptoms

Kidney Stones

made of salts and minerals in the urine that stick together to form small "pebbles." They can be as small as grains of sand or as big as a golf ball! The most common cause is not drinking enough water. Often cause no pain while they are in the kidneys. But they can cause sudden, severe pain as they travel from the kidneys to the bladder. For most, your doctor will suggest that you take care of yourself at home. Ex. - drink plenty of fluids, take medications to help w/pain, wait for the stone to pass...it is possible to get stuck in the urinary tract, if that is the case, further treatment will be needed

type 1

which diabetes is this: Result of an immune system attack on the pancreas (body does not produce insulin)