Digestive System

Name 3 enzymes in the lining of the small intestine that convert the disaccharides into monosaccharides.

(maltase, sucrose, lactase) (maltase, lactase, sucrose) (sucrose, lactase, maltase) (sucrose, maltase, lactase) (lactase, maltase, sucrose) (lactase, sucrose, maltase)

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the ____ ______.

(oral cavity) (mouth)

Lipid digestion begins in the _____.

(oral cavity) (mouth)

Name 2 enzymes in the small intestine that convert the polypeptides into small peptide chains.

(trypsin, chymotrypsin) (chymotrypsin, trypsin)

What is the substance secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands? A. Pepsinogen B. Hydrochloric acid C. Mucus D. Gastrin

A

What phase of gastric secretion is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach? A. Gastric phase B. Intestinal phase C. Cephalic phase D. Gastrointestinal phase

A

Which of the following is NOT a part of the stomach? A. Isthmus B. Pyloric C. Cardiac D. All of the above are parts of the stomach

A

Which of the following is NOT a salivary gland? A. Sebaceous glands B. Parotid glands C. Sublingual glands D. Submandibular glands

A

Which of the following is attached to the cecum? A. Vermiform appendix B. Rectum C. Descending colon D. Anus

A

Which of the following is correctly matched between the cell and it function? A. Goblet cells - mucus B. Absorptive cells - produce peptidase C. Absorptive cells - produce disaccharidase D. All of the above is correct

A

Which of the following is responsible for mixing of chyme in the small intestine with digestive juices from the liver and pancreas? A. segmental contractions B. peristaltic contractions C. mass movements D. mastication

A

Which of the following is responsible for movement of chyme in the small intestine? A. Peristaltic contraction B. Segmental contraction C. Mass movements D. All of the above are correct

A

Which of the following is the correct movement of blood in the liver lobule? A. Hepatic sinusoid, central vein, hepatic vein, inferior VC B. Inferior VC, hepatic sinusoid, central vein, portal triad C. Central vein, hepatic sinusoid, portal triad D. None of the above is correct

A

Which of the following is the effect of the release of cholecystokinin on the gall bladder? A. Gall bladder contracts B. Sphincter of the common bile duct contracts C. Liver secretes bile D. None of the above is correct

A

Which of the following is the first phase of swallowing? A. Voluntary phase B. Esophageal phase C. Pharyngeal phase D. None of these is correct

A

Which of the following is the major site of nutrient absorption? A. small intestine B. stomach C. Rectum D. cecum

A

Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive tract? A. Pharynx B. Spleen C. Small intestine D. All of these are parts of the digestive tract

B

Which of the following is the part of the stomach that connects with the small intestine? A. Body B. Pyloric C. Cardiac D. Fundus

B

What is the wave that causes stomach emptying called? A. Hunger pangs B. Mixing waves C. Peristaltic waves D. Segmental contractions

C

What is the wave that causes vomiting called? A. Hunger pangs B. Mixing waves C. Reverse peristaltic waves D. Segmental contractions

C

What phase of gastric secretion is stimulated by the smell and taste of food? A. Gastric phase B. Intestinal phase C. Cephalic phase D. Gastrointestinal phase

C

What two sphincters are found in the esophagus? A. Oroesophageal and gastroesophageal sphincters B. Orophageal and lower esophageal sphincters C. Upper and lower esophageal sphincters D. None of the above is correct

C

When chyme leaves the stomach, what does it enter next? A. Ileum B. Cecum C. Duodenum D. Anus

C

Where do blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, ducts and nerves enter the liver? A. Central vein B. Bare area C. hepatic portal triad D. None of the above is correct

C

Where do the ducts from the liver and pancreas open into? A. Ileum B. Cecum C. Duodenum D. Anus

C

Which of the following describes the blood in the hepatic portal vein? A. Oxygen-rich, nutrient-rich B. Oxygen-rich, nutrient-poor C. Oxygen-poor, nutrient-rich D. None of the above is correct

C

Which of the following is a function of the liver? A. Production of pancreatic amylase B. Storage of calcium C. Detoxification of harmful substances D. All of the above is correct

C

Which of the following is an enzyme produced by the pancreas? A. Pepsin B. Gastrin C. Amylase D. All of the above is correct

C

Which of the following is the effect of the release of secretin on the liver? A. Gall bladder relaxes B. Sphincter of the common bile duct relaxes C. Liver secretes bile D. None of the above is correct

C

Which of the following is the effect of the release of secretin on the pancreas? A. Pancreas relaxes B. Pancreas releases more enzymes in the pancreatic juice C. Pancreas releases more bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice D. None of the above is correct

C

Which of the following is the junction between the small and large intestines? A. Pyloric sphincter B. Anal sphincter C. Ileocecal junction D. None of the above is correct

C

Which of the following is the structure that produces insulin and glucagon? A.Liver B. Adrenal medulla C. Pancreas D. None of the above is correct

C

Which of the following is where hepatocytes are found? A. Central zone B. Bile canaliculus C. Hepatic cords D. None of the above is correct

C

Which of the following is where the small and large intestine meet? A. Pyloric sphincter B. Esophageal sphincter C. Ileocecal junction D. Cystic sphincter

C

Which of the following parts of the pharynx is involved in swallowing? A. Pulmolarynx B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. None of the above is correct

C

Which of the following phases of swallowing involves the epiglottis covering the opening of the larynx? A. Voluntary phase B. Esophageal phase C. Pharyngeal phase D. None of these is correct

C

_____________ digestion involves the breaking of covalent bonds in organic molecules by digestive enzymes. A. mechanical B. absorptive C. chemical D. intestinal

C

_____________ in saliva is a waste product. A. Mucus B. Mucin C. Urea D. Trypsin

C

Which of the following is NOT a part of the large intestine? A. Rectum B. Cecum C. Colon D. Ileum

D

Which of the following is NOT a phase of swallowing? A. Voluntary phase B. Esophageal phase C. Pharyngeal phase D. All of the choices are phases of swallowing

D

Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive tract? A. Oral cavity B. Stomach C. Anus D. All of these are parts of the digestive tract

D

Which of the following is an accessory gland associated with the duodenum? A. Liver B. Spleen C. Pancreas D. Both the liver and pancreas

D

Which of the following is correctly matched between the cell and its function? A. Goblet cells - phagocytes B. Granular cells - digestive enzymes C. Absorptive cells - produce bile D. Endocrine cells - regulatory hormones

D

Which of the following is the part of the stomach that food encounters as it enters the stomach? A. Body B. Pyloric C. Ileum D. Fundus

D

______ (hormone) influences the rate of glucose transport. A. calcitonin B. PTH C. ADH D. insulin

D

Lipid digestion begins in the mouth with _______ ______ (secreted by the tongue)

lingual lipase

After lipid digestion in the small intestine, bile salts aggregate around the small droplets to form ________.

micelles

Substances pass through the stomach and into the duodenum where __________ _______ converts polysaccharides into disaccharides.

pancreatic amylase

Lipid digestion continues in the small intestine with __________ ______.

pancreatic lipase

Nucleic acids are broken down by __________ _________ in the small intestine.

pancreatic nucleases

In the stomach, ______ converts proteins into polypeptides.

pepsin

Within the small intestine, _________ converts the small peptide chains into tripeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids.

peptidase

A part of your throat that acts like a gateway sending air into the lungs and food down into the stomach.

pharynx

The place where waste is stored before it leaves the body.

rectum

In the oral cavity ________ ______ converts carbs into polysaccharides and disaccharides.

salivary amylase

A long folded tube inside the body attached to the stomach where nutrients in the food are absorbed.

small intestine

After being swallowed, food goes to this place where it is mixed with acid.

stomach

Protein digestion begins in the _______.

stomach

A verb that means to push food through your pharynx.

swallow

Muscle in your mouth that is used for pushing food around.

tongue

About ___ L of fluid are ingested daily in foods and beverages, and the rest is from the GI tract.

2.3

What are the uncomfortable sensations of the stomach that begin 12 - 24 hours after a meal? A. Hunger pangs B. Mixing waves C. Peristaltic waves D. Segmental contractions

A

Stomach secretion(s) stimulated during gastric phase:

ACH (acetylcholine), histamine

Digestive enzymes enter the duodenum by which of the following? A. Common bile duct B. Pancreatic duct C. Central canal D. All of the above is correct

B

Lipids are absorbed into epithelial cells via: A. osmosis B. exocytosis C. simple diffusion D. lipids are not absorbed

C

Organs that are located in the abdominal cavity but are not covered with mesenteries, are said to be located in what space? A. Mesenteries B. Pleura C. Retroperitoneal D. None of these is correct

C

Proteins are absorbed and sent to the ______ for modification. A. small intestine B. stomach C. colon D. liver

D

Which of the following increases the surface area of the small intestine? A. Circular folds B. Villi C. Microvilli D. All of the above are correct

D

Histamine stimulates secretion of ___.

HCl

Carbohydrates are absorbed as monosaccharides, which are taken up by the intestinal epithelial cells via symport (co-transport) with ___.

Na+

At least 7 different transport systems are responsible for the movement of tripepetides, dipeptides, and amino acids (proteins) into intestinal epithelial cells. Most neutral amino acids move by symport with ___. Another symporter moves the tripeptides and the dipeptides along with hydrogen into the epithelial cells. Once inside the intestinal cells, ______________ and _______________ break down the tripeptides and the dipeptides into amino acids. The amino acids leave the intestine by ____________ __________.

Na+, dipeptidases, aminopeptidases, facilitated diffusion

The regulation of stomach secretions is divided into 3 phases: _______, _______, and __________.

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

Crush food with your teeth.

chew

The process of breaking down food for use as energy and building materials for your body.

digestion

Chylomicrons enter lacteals and then are carried by lymph to blood to be transported to the liver. In the liver, the chylomicrons can be stored, converted, or used as ______. Lipids are also transported to _______ tissue, where they are stored.

energy, adipose

The tube that connects the stomach to the mouth.

esophagus

Carbohydrates absorbed as monosaccharides are are carried to the liver where the non-glucose sugars are converted to glucose. Glucose is transported to the cells that require energy; glucose enters the cells through ___________ _________.

facilitated diffusion (transport mechanism influenced by insulin)

CCK inhibits _______ secretions.

gastric

Secretion inhibits _______ secretions.

gastric

ACH stimulates secretion of _______ _____.

gastric juice

Lipid digestion continues in the stomach with _______ ______.

gastric lipase

Gastrin secretaion stimulates additional _______ secretion and ________.

gastric, motility

Stomach secretion(s) stimulated during cephalic phase:

gastrin

Amino acids are transported to the liver by the _______ ______ system to be modified before being released into the blood stream. Amino acids travel in the blood stream to various cells of the body. What 2 hormones stimulate the transport of amino acids into the cells?

hepatic portal, insulin, GH

The tube after the small intestine where liquid is absorbed.

large intestine

This produces juices (called bile) that go into the small intestine and help digest the food.

liver

The good things in food.

nutrients

A slippery liquid that makes food easy to swallow and helps to break the food down.

saliva

Stomach secretion(s) stimulated during intestinal phase:

secretin, CCK (cholecystokinin)

When a micelle comes in contact with the epithelial cells of the small intestine, the lipid portion enters the plasma membrane by ______ _________. Once inside the intestinal epithelial cells, the fatty acids are recombined with ______________ to form triglycerides, these are package inside a protein coat. The repackaged lipids are called ____________.

simple diffusion, monoglycerides, chylomicrons

Where is the majority (90%) of water absorbed from the digestive system?

small intestine

These are used to chew food.

teeth

The part of the food that is not digested.

waste

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the __________. A. mouth B. stomach C. small intestine D. carbohydrates can not be digested

A

What is a condition in which the diaphragm opening for the esophagus enlarges and the stomach protrudes into the thoracic cavity? A. Hiatal hernia B. Gagging C. Gastric ulcer D. All of the above are correct

A

What is the blood vessel in the middle of the liver lobule that receives blood from the hepatic sinusoids? A. Central vein B. Bile canaliculus C. Hepatic ducts D. None of the above is correct

A

What is the function of mucus in the gastric juices? A. Protects and lubricates B. Converts pepsinogen into pepsin C. Digests proteins D. All of the above are correct

A

What is the mesentery that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach and is also called the fatty apron? A. greater omentum B. Pleura C. Falciform ligament D. None of these is correct

A

What is the name of the lymphatic capillaries in the walls of the small intestine? A. Lacteals B. Bile ducts C. Hepatic portal capillaries D. None of the above is correct

A

What is the semi-fluid mass of food that is found in the stomach? A. Chyme B. Bolus C. Feces D. None of the above is correct

A

What are the lymphatic nodules found the ileum called? A. Lacteals B. Peyer's patches C. Gall bladder D. None of the above is correct

B

What is the mass of food that is formed during chewing (and then swallowed)? A. Chyme B. Bolus C. Feces D. None of the above is correct

B

What is the substance secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric glands? A. Pepsinogen B. Hydrochloric acid C. Mucus D. Gastrin

B

What phase of gastric secretion is stimulated by movement of chyme into the duodenum? A. Gastric phase B. Intestinal phase C. Cephalic phase D. Gastrointestinal phase

B

Where does protein digestion begin? A. small intestine B. stomach C. rectum D. mouth

B

Which are the largest salivary glands? A. Sebaceous glands B. Parotid glands C. Sublingual glands D. Submandibular glands

B

Which of the following carries bile in the liver lobules? A. Central zone B. Bile canaliculus C. Hepatic cords D. None of the above is correct

B

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system, which helps to maintain homeostasis? A. Break down food B. Manufacturing nutrients C. Take up of food D. All of these are functions of the digestive system

B

Which of the following is NOT a part of the colon? A. Sigmoid B. Duodenum C. Ascending D. Transverse

B

Which of the following is NOT a part of the small intestine? A. Ileum B. Cecum C. Duodenum D. Jejunum

B

Which of the following is NOT a region of the mouth? A. Oral cavity proper B. Teeth C. Vestibule D. All of these are regions of the mouth

B

Which of the following is true regarding lipoproteins? A. LDL transports cholesterol to the liver, HDL transports cholesterol to the cells B. HDL transports cholesterol to the liver, LDL transports cholesterol to the cells C. LDL are taken into the cells via osmosis D. LDL and HDL transport cholesterol to the cells only

B

Which of the following phases of swallowing involves the formation of a peristaltic wave? A. Voluntary phase B. Esophageal phase C. Pharyngeal phase D. None of these is correct

B

___ L of water enter the digestive system each day. A. 8 B. 9 C. 2 D. 3.5

B

Trypsin and chymotrypsin are produced by the pancreas - these enzymes digest: A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleic acids

C

What carries the blood from the digestive tract to the liver? A. Superior mesenteric artery B. Hepatic vein C. Hepatic portal vein D. Hepatic artery

C

What is the MAIN function of pepsin in the gastric juices? A. Protects and lubricates B. Converts pepsinogen into pepsin C. Digests proteins D. Binds with vitamin B12 and helps its absorption in the small intestine

C

What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juices? A. Protects and lubricates B. Digests proteins C. Converts pepsinogen into pepsin D. All of the above are correct

C

What is the function of intrinsic factor in the gastric juices? A. Protects and lubricates B. Digests proteins C. Converts pepsinogen into pepsin D. Binds with vitamin B12 and helps its absorption in the small intestine

D

What is the substance secreted by the enteroendocrine cells of the gastric glands? A. Pepsinogen B. Hydrochloric acid C. Mucus D. Gastrin

D

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? A. Production of bile B. Storage of glycogen C. Convert protein to carbohydrate D. All of the choices are functions of the liver

D

Which of the following is NOT a part of digestion? A. Absorb water, electrolytes and other nutrients B. Eliminate undigested food through the anus C. Ingest food D. All of these are involved in digestion

D

Which of the following digests lipids? A. salivary amylase B. lingual lipase C. pepsin D. pancreatic lipase E. B and D

E