DMS OB Fetal heart
What is a group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent left ventricle?
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome. When found in girls, Turner syndrome should be suspected. There is also a connection with trisomy 18
The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the:
Left atrium
An EIF is most often seen within the:
Left ventricle
What best describes transposition of the heart?
The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
What is Ebstein's anomaly?
Malformation of the tricuspid valve with low insertion, resulting in grossly enlarged right atrium
The embryonic heart begins as:
Two tubes
Does the tricuspid valve insert closer to the apex of the heart compared to the mitral valve?
Yes
The fetal heart is fully formed by how many weeks?
10
What is an Atrioventricular Septal Defect, AVSD?
A combination of both atrial and VSD's. Results from the abnormal development of the central portion of the heart "endocardium cushion". Associated with aneuploidy, trisomy 18 and 21.
Left ventricular outflow tract, LVOT
A portion of the heart in which blood passes from the ventricle and connects to the aorta
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
Between the right ventricle and the right atrium
Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except: A. Overriding aortic root B. VSD C. Pulmonary stenosis D. Left ventricular hypertrophy
D. Left ventricular hypertrophy
Fetal circulation, umbilical arteries
Deoxygenated blood returns to the placenta via iliac arteries where it will be re-oxygenated. Only 5-10% of blood actually circulates to the lungs.
What is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch?
Ductus arteriosis
What structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein?
Ductus venosus
What is Rhabdomyoma?
Echogenic tumor within the myocardium of the heart. Most common fetal cardiac tumor. Associated with tuberous sclerosis, ventral cardiac failure, and subsequent fetal hydrops.
What is Ectopic Cordis?
Heart is located either partially or completely outside the chest
What is a group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent right ventricle?
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome. Most often results from pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia, but is may result from stenosis or atresia of tricuspid valve. SF: Fetal hydrops secondary to cardiac failure
Right ventricular outflow tract, RVOT
Leads to the pulmonary artery and branches
What is Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?
Overriding aortic root, subaortic VSD, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy
The most common fetal cardiac tumor is:
Rhabdomyoma
The moderator band is located within the:
Right ventricle
The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to th aorta and should be visualized crossing over it. True or False?
True
Fetal circulation, umbilical vein
Umbilical vein brings oxygenated blood from the placenta to the heart. Some of the blood goes through liver via left portal vein, the rest of the blood bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus into the IVC then to right atrium most of it goes to left atrium via foramen ovale this blood bypasses lungs. The other portion goes from SVC/IVC to right atrium then right ventricle. Blood from left ventricle flows to ascending aorta and to brain. Right ventricle courses from pulmonary artery into ductus arteriosus and through descending aorta to provid oxygenated blood to abdominal organs.
What is the most common heart defect?
VSD
Where is the mitral valve located?
between the left ventricle and left atrium
What is Pentalogy of Cantrell?
rare anomaly with five defects: omphalocele, ectopic heart, lower sternum, anterior diaphragm, and diaphragmatic pericardium
The condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed:
Ectopic cordis
What is a sonographic signs of Epstein anomaly?
Enlarged right atrium, fetal hydrops, malpositioned tricuspid valve
A oexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of:
Fetal hydrops
What is an Echogenic Intracardiac Focus, EIF?
Most often in left ventricle. Represents calcification of the papillary muscle or chordae tenineae. As bright as bone. Linked with Trisomy 21 especially if there is more than one. May be seen in normal fetus.
What is coarctaion of the aorta?
Narrowing of the aortic arch. Most commonly between left subclavian artery and ductus arteriosis. Associated findings are right ventricle and pulmonary artery enlargement
Sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell:
Omphalocele, Cleft sternum, Diaphragmatic defect
What is transposition of the great vessels?
Outflow tracts are reversed. Pulmonary artery abnormally arises from the left ventricle and the aorta abnormally arises from the right ventricle. The outflow tract will be positioned parallel to each other rather than crisscrossing. VSD may be present
What is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs?
Pulmonary stenosis
What are Fetal Rhabdomyomas associated with?
Tuberous sclerosis