DNA Profiling

If thymine (T) makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percentage of the bases is a guanine (G)?

30%

Lysosome

Breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes.

Mitochondrion

Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell

Correct the following: RNE --> Protein --> DNA

DNA --> RNA --> Protein

How are DNA and RNA different?

DNA contains the bases A, G, C and T; RNA contains the bases A, G, C and U

Place the following steps of DNA replication in the proper order: DNA fragments are fused together; double helix is pulled apart; new strands of DNA are synthesized.

Double helix is pulled apart, new strands of DNA are synthesized, and DNA fragments are fused together.

Chloroplast

Makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies and packages proteins

Which of the following is used to construct a molecule of DNA?

Nucleotides

You are a biochemist and have been given a test tube containing a small amount of nucleic acid. You have been asked to determine whether it is DNA or RNA. Which of the following would be a characteristic that indicates RNA?

Presence of uracil, but no thymine; Presence of ribose, but no deoxyribose

The principal role of ___________ is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA our of the nucleus for the synthesis of proteins

RNA

If DNA directs the production of RNA, what does RNA make?

RNA makes proteins

Translation converts the information stored in _____________ into __________

RNA: a protein

Central Vacuole

Regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds

Plans Cell Wall

Strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibris

If one polynucleotide strand of DNA has ACTTGACTAGCTA as its sequence of bases, what would be the sequence of bases on the opposite strand?

TGAACTGATCGAT

A drug that inhibits DNA ligase but not DNA polymerase is added to a cell. Explain how DNA replication would be affected as a result of the drug.

The new DNA fragments would not be fused together and the backbone of the DNA would be incomplete

Overall, a molecule of DNA has a negative charge. Which component of DNA gives it this charge?

The phosphate group

Chromosomes

are tightly coiled bundles of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells

Plant cells only

central vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

A series of three nucleotides that specifiers an amino acid is a(n)

codon

After DNA replication,

each of the two daughter DNA molecules contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one newly synthesized strand

Nuclear Pore

is a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

A protein

is made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, attached to one another in long chains

Transcription

is the first step of gene expression, during which a particular segment of DNA is converted into RNA

The Nucleus

is the most prominent membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells, and it houses most of a cell's DNA. Stores the genetic information of the cell.

Translation

is the process in which mRNA codons are concerted into an amino acid sequence.

Nucleolus

is the round body that sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA

DNA

is the self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms; it is the main constituent of chromosomes and the carrier of genetic information. is a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell, shaped like a double helix, and associated with the transmission of genetic information.

The Nuclear Envelope

is the two-layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm

RNA

is used in all steps of protein synthesis and carries the genetic information of many viruses.

Animal cells only

lysosome

Both animal and plant cells

mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum. nucleus, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus

A ribosome

serves as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm Works with mRNA to synthesize proteins

Which part of a nucleotide molecule in DNA encodes genetic information?

the base