DNA Replication, RNA, and Transcription and Translation
How many chromosomes are found in body cells of humans?
46
What is a codon?
A codon is a combination of 3 nucleotides on a strand of mRNA
How do these bases pair with each other?
A pairs with T, C pairs with G
What is a polypeptide?
A polypeptide is a protein molecule.
What are the four nitrogenous bases?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
What is an anticodon?
An anticodon is a combination of 3 nucleotides on a strand of tRNA
What is the relation between genetic information and DNA?
DNA is found within chromosomes, and is composed of genes and genetic information.
What shape is DNA?
DNA is in the shape of a double helix.
What does DNA stand for?
DNA is short for Deoxyribonucleicacid.
How many chromosomes are found in gametes?
Half, 23
What happens in DNA replication?
In DNA replication, the DNA molecule untwists, and enzymes, called DNA polymerase, match up free-floating nucleotides to one of the original DNA strands. One DNA strand acts as a template for a new strand- two identical DNA molecules are made.
What is semi-conservative replication?
In semi-conservative replication, each strand of the original molecule acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary DNA molecule
What is protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is the process by which RNA directs cell organelles, such as ribosomes, to make proteins and amino acids.
What are proteins made of?
Proteins are made up of amino acids.
What is the purpose of RNA?
RNA carries information made by DNA, and aids in the synthesis of proteins.
What is RNA?
RNA is a nucleic acid that is a messenger between DNA and the ribosomes.
What does RNA stand for?
RNA is short for Ribonucleicacid.
What is replication?
Replication is the act of making an exact copy of DNA.
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into mRNA.
Where does the transcription process occur?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus.
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA is what matches up with the messenger RNA and has amino acids on top.
What is translation?
Translation is the decoding of an mRNA message into proteins.
Where does translation occur?
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
True or False? DNA has equal amounts of Adenine and Thymine, and equal amounts of Cytosine and Guanine.
True
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
While the sugar for DNA is deoxyribose, the sugar for RNA is simply ribose. DNA is double stranded, while RNA has a single strand. Finally, RNA has a base called uracil to replace thymine in DNA.
What is mRNA?
mRNA, or Messenger RNA, is the copy of the DNA that transfers the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes.